1775
1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1775th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 775th year of the 2nd millennium, the 75th year of the 18th century, and the 6th year of the 1770s decade. As of the start of 1775, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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1775 by topic |
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Arts and science |
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Lists of leaders |
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Birth and death categories |
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Establishments and disestablishments categories |
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Works category |
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Gregorian calendar | 1775 MDCCLXXV |
Ab urbe condita | 2528 |
Armenian calendar | 1224 ԹՎ ՌՄԻԴ |
Assyrian calendar | 6525 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1696–1697 |
Bengali calendar | 1182 |
Berber calendar | 2725 |
British Regnal year | 15 Geo. 3 – 16 Geo. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 2319 |
Burmese calendar | 1137 |
Byzantine calendar | 7283–7284 |
Chinese calendar | 甲午年 (Wood Horse) 4471 or 4411 — to — 乙未年 (Wood Goat) 4472 or 4412 |
Coptic calendar | 1491–1492 |
Discordian calendar | 2941 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1767–1768 |
Hebrew calendar | 5535–5536 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1831–1832 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1696–1697 |
- Kali Yuga | 4875–4876 |
Holocene calendar | 11775 |
Igbo calendar | 775–776 |
Iranian calendar | 1153–1154 |
Islamic calendar | 1188–1189 |
Japanese calendar | An'ei 4 (安永4年) |
Javanese calendar | 1700–1701 |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
Korean calendar | 4108 |
Minguo calendar | 137 before ROC 民前137年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | 307 |
Thai solar calendar | 2317–2318 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳木马年 (male Wood-Horse) 1901 or 1520 or 748 — to — 阴木羊年 (female Wood-Goat) 1902 or 1521 or 749 |
Events
Summary
The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress takes various steps toward organizing an American government, appointing George Washington commander-in-chief (June 14), Benjamin Franklin postmaster general (July 26) and creating a Continental Navy (October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms and on August 23, King George III of Great Britain declares the American colonies in rebellion, announcing it to Parliament on November 10. On June 17, two months into the colonial siege of Boston, at the Battle of Bunker Hill, just north of Boston, British forces are victorious, but only after suffering severe casualties and after Colonial forces run out of ammunition, Fort Ticonderoga is taken by American forces in New York Colony's northern frontier, and American forces unsuccessfully invade Canada, with an attack on Montreal defeated by British forces on November 13 and an attack on Quebec repulsed December 31.
Human knowledge and mastery over nature advances when James Watt builds a successful prototype of a steam engine, and a scientific expedition continues as Captain James Cook claims the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands in the south Atlantic Ocean for Britain. Nature's power over humanity is dramatically demonstrated when the Independence Hurricane (August 29 – September 13) devastates the east coast of North America, killing 4,173, and when, on the western side of the North American continent, Tseax Cone erupts in the future British Columbia, as well as when a smallpox epidemic begins in New England. Smallpox was then cured by Edward Jenner.
January–June
- January – The Habsburg monarchy forces the Ottoman Empire to cede Bukovina to its rule.
- January 5 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart finishes a Sonata for Keyboard in C.
- January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook takes possession of South Georgia for the Kingdom of Great Britain.
- February 9 – American Revolution: The Parliament of Great Britain declares the Province of Massachusetts Bay to be in rebellion.
- February 15 – Pope Pius VI succeeds Pope Clement XIV as the 250th pope.
- February 26 – The British East India Company factory on Balambangan Island is destroyed by Moro pirates.[1]
- March 6 – Raghunathrao, Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India, signs the Treaty of Surat with the British Governor-General Warren Hastings in Bombay ceding the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British East India Company along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts in return for military assistance. This leads to the First Anglo-Maratha War fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.
- March 17 – Catherine the Great of Russia issues a manifesto prohibiting freed serfs from being returned to serfdom.[2]
- March 23 – American Revolution: Patrick Henry, a delegate to the Second Virginia Convention after the Virginia House of Burgesses was disbanded by the Royal Governor, delivers his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech at St. John's Church in Richmond, Virginia.
- April 18 – American Revolution: Paul Revere and William Dawes, instructed by Dr. Joseph Warren, ride from Boston to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Sam Adams that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord.
- April 19 – American Revolution – Battles of Lexington and Concord:[3] Hostility between Britain and its American colonies explodes into bloodshed, igniting the American Revolution War.
- May 10
- American Revolution: The Second Continental Congress meets, elects John Hancock president, raises the Continental Army under George Washington as commander and authorizes the colonies to adopt their own constitutions.
- American Revolution: Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, leading the Green Mountain Boys of Vermont, capture Fort Ticonderoga.
- May 17 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress bans trade with Canada.
- June 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Machias: In the first naval engagement of the American Revolution, Patriot forces capture the schooner HMS Margaretta.
- June 12 – American Revolution:
- The British forces offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms.
- Action by citizens of Machias, Maine, in capturing British ships recognises the existence of a United States Merchant Marine.
- June 14 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress names George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.
- June 16 – The post of Chief Engineer of the Continental Army is created.
- June 17 – American Revolution: Two months into the colonial siege of Boston, British open fire on Breed's Hill on Charles Town Peninsula. After 3 charges, the British take the hill in the misnamed Battle of Bunker Hill.
- June 19 – The post of Commanding General is created by the Continental Congress.
July–December
- July 3 – American Revolution: George Washington takes command of the 17,000-man Continental Army at Cambridge.
- July 5 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress sends the Olive Branch Petition, hoping for a reconciliation.
- July 6 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress issues Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, which contains the words: "Our cause is just. Our union is perfect... being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves...".
- July 26 – The Second Continental Congress appoints Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of what later becomes the United States Post Office Department.
- July 30 – Second voyage of James Cook: HMS Resolution (1771) anchors off the south coast of England, Captain Cook having completed the first east-about global circumnavigation.
- August 18 – Tucson is founded.
- August 21 – American Revolution – Siege of Fort St. Jean: American rebels launch an invasion of Canada.
- August 23 – American Revolution: Refusing to even look at the Olive Branch Petition, King George issues a Proclamation of Rebellion against the American colonies.
- August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.
- September 25 – American Revolution: Siege of Fort St. Jean – Battle of Longue-Pointe: Thirteen Colonies revolutionary forces under Maj. Ethan Allen attack Montreal in Quebec, commanded by British General Guy Carleton. Allen's forces are defeated, and Allen himself is captured and held on British ships until he is released.
- October – The Sayre Plotters attempt to kidnap George III of the United Kingdom.
- October 13 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later the United States Navy).
- October 26 – American Revolution: George III announces to Parliament that the American colonies are in an uprising and must be dealt with accordingly.
- November – American Revolution: Colonel Richard Richardson's South Carolina revolutionaries march through Ninety-Six District in what becomes known as the Snow Campaign, effectively ending all major support for the Loyalist cause in the backcountry of South Carolina.
- November 7 – American Revolution: John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, British royal governor of the Colony of Virginia, signs Dunmore's Proclamation, declaring martial law and offering freedom to slaves of Patriots who run away from their owners and join the Loyalist forces (formal proclamation November 15) thus losing the support of planters who see slaves as their vital livelihood.
- November 10 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating the Continental Marines to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at end of the war in April 1783 but reformed on July 11, 1798 as the United States Marine Corps).
- November 13 – American Revolution: Battle of Montreal – American forces under Brigadier General Richard Montgomery capture Montreal. British General Guy Carleton escapes to Quebec.
- November 17 – The city of Kuopio, Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav III of Sweden.
- December 5 – American Revolution: Henry Knox begins his journey to Cambridge, Massachusetts with the artillery that has been captured from Fort Ticonderoga.
- December 31 – American Revolution: Battle of Quebec – British forces repulse an attack by Continental Army generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold at Quebec; Montgomery is killed.
Date unknown
- Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.
- James Watt's 1769 steam engine patent is extended to June 1800 by Act of Parliament and the first engines are built under it.[4][5]
- John Wilkinson invents and patents a new kind of boring machine.
- Catherine the Great decrees a Statute for the Administration of the Provinces of the Russian Empire dividing the country into provinces and districts for efficient government.[2]
- A smallpox epidemic begins in New England.
- Tseax Cone in northwestern British Columbia erupts.
- Typhoon Liengkieki devastates the Pacific atoll of Pingelap.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart writes his five violin concertos in Salzburg at about this date.
- The Calcutta Theatre is inaugurated.
- Shneur Zalman of Liadi founds the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Jewish dynasty.
- Probable date – Jeanne Baret returns to France, becoming the first woman to complete a circumnavigation of the globe.
Births
January–March
- January 2 – Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet, English cricketer (d. 1849)
- January 3 – Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont, Irish politician (d. 1863)
- January 4
- January 6
- January 7 – Thomas Amyot, English antiquarian (d. 1850)
- January 9
- January 10 – James Sewall Morsell, United States federal judge (d. 1870)
- January 13 – Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, Polish noble (d. 1856)
- January 15 – Giosuè Sangiovanni, Italian zoologist (d. 1849)
- January 18
- January 19
- January 20 – André-Marie Ampère, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1836)[6]
- January 22
- Manuel García, Spanish singer, teacher and composer (d. 1832)
- January 23
- January 27 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher (d. 1854)
- January 28
- January 30 – Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
- January 31
- February 1
- February 2 – Gurun Princess Hexiao of the Manchu dynasty (d. 1823)
- February 3
- February 8
- February 9
- February 10
- February 11 – William Hall, American politician (d. 1856)
- February 12
- Louisa Adams, First Lady of the United States, wife of President John Quincy Adams (d. 1852)
- Charles Lloyd, English poet (d. 1839)
- February 13 – Benjamin Gorham, American politician (d. 1855)
- February 14 – William Clift, English medical illustrator and conservator (d. 1849)
- February 15
- February 17
- February 18 – Thomas Girtin, English painter and etcher (d. 1802)
- February 19
- February 20
- February 21
- February 22
- William Seymour, United States Representative from New York (d. 1848)
- February 24
- February 25 – John Caldwell, businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d. 1842)
- February 26 – Adolf Stieler, German cartographer and lawyer (d. 1836)
- February 28 – Sophie Tieck, German poet (d. 1833)
- March 3 – Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley, British politician (d. 1854)
- March 4 – Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger, Austrian portrait painter (d. 1837)
- March 5
- March 9
- March 10
- March 11
- March 12
- Joseph Chitty, English lawyer and legal writer (d. 1841)
- Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, entrepreneur (d. 1832)
- Michel Grendahl, Norwegian politician (d. 1849)
- James Welsh, English officer in the Madras Army of the East India Company (d. 1861)
- March 14 – Samuel Street Jr., businessman in Upper Canada (d. 1844)
- March 15 – Juan Bautista Arismendi, Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1841)
- March 17 – Ninian Edwards, founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d. 1833)
- March 19 – Ramsay Richard Reinagle, English painter (d. 1862)
- March 22
- March 23 – William Haseldine Pepys, English physical scientist (d. 1856)
- March 24
- March 25 – John Johnston, United States Indian agent (d. 1861)
- March 26 – Thomas Monteagle Bayly, Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d. 1834)
- March 27 – Nicolai Abraham Holten, Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d. 1850)
- March 28 – Johann Heinrich Gossler, Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d. 1842)
- March 30 – Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld, Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1822)
April–June
- April 2
- April 4 – Dutch Sam, British boxer (d. 1816)
- April 5 – Johann Nepomuk Rust, Austrian surgeon (d. 1840)
- April 6 – Edward Wynne-Pendarves, English politician (d. 1853)
- April 7
- April 8
- April 9 – Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d. 1844)
- April 10 – Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi, German psychiatrist (d. 1858)
- April 12
- April 13 – Adolph Henke, German physician (d. 1843)
- April 14
- April 16
- April 21
- April 22
- April 23 – J. M. W. Turner, English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d. 1851)
- April 25
- April 27 – Pietro Ostini, Catholic cardinal (d. 1849)
- April 28
- April 29 – Samuel King, American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d. 1842)
- April 30
- Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (d. 1851)
- Calvin Fillmore, American farmer and politician from New York (d. 1865)
- George Kinloch, Scottish reformer and politician (d. 1833)
- May 1 – Angélique Mongez, French Neoclassical artist (d. 1855)
- May 3 – John Hansen Sørbrøden, Norwegian farmer (d. 1857)
- May 5
- May 6
- May 8 – George Gwilt the younger, English architect (d. 1856)
- May 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
- May 10
- May 12 – George Whitmore, British Army general (d. 1862)
- May 14 – Micah Brooks, United States general (d. 1857)
- May 17
- May 19 – Antonín Jan Jungmann, Czech physician (d. 1854)
- May 21 – Lucien Bonaparte, French statesman (d. 1840)
- May 24
- May 25 – Pelagio Palagi, Italian painter (d. 1860)
- May 28 – Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves, British politician (d. 1830)
- May 29 – Nathan Cutler, American politician from Maine (d. 1861)
- May 31
- June 4 – Francesco Molino, Italian guitarist (d. 1847)
- June 8 – Henry Boehm, American clergyman and pastor (d. 1875)
- June 9 – Georg Friedrich Grotefend, German epigraphist and philologist (d. 1853)
- June 10 – James Barbour, American politician (d. 1842)
- June 12
- June 13 – Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833)
- June 14 – André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste, French general of the First Empire (d. 1809)
- June 15
- June 16 – Judah Touro, American businessman (d. 1854)
- June 17 – Alexander Cowan, Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d. 1859)
- June 18 – Orsamus Cook Merrill, American politician (d. 1865)
- June 19
- June 20 – Jacques Frédéric Français, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1833)
- June 22
- June 24 – John Kempthorne, English clergyman and hymnwriter (d. 1838)
- June 25 – John Stevenson Salt, English barrister, banker and landowner (d. 1845)
- June 26
- June 29 – Thomas Boyle, American privateer (d. 1825)
- June 30 – William Thompson, Irish philosopher (d. 1833)
July–September
- July 1 – Cephas Thompson, American artist (d. 1856)
- July 2 – Aaron Peasley, American buttonmaker (d. 1837)
- July 3 – Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, member of the French royal family (d. 1807)
- July 5 – William Crotch, English composer, organist and artist (d. 1847)
- July 8
- July 9 – Matthew "Monk" Lewis, English Gothic horror writer and politician (d. 1818)
- July 11 – Joseph Blanco White, Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d. 1841)
- July 14
- July 15 – Richard Westmacott, British sculptor (d. 1856)
- July 17
- July 18
- July 19
- July 21
- July 23
- July 24 – Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective agent (d. 1857)
- July 25 – Anna Harrison, American politician (d. 1864)
- July 27 – Therese Brunsvik, Hungarian educationalist (d. 1861)
- July 28 – Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, British Army general (d. 1842)
- July 31 – Emmanuel Dupaty, French singer and writer (d. 1851)
- August 2
- August 6
- Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, last Dauphin of France (d. 1844)
- Daniel O'Connell, Ireland's predominant political leader (d. 1847)
- Hendrik van Oort, Northern Netherlandish painter (d. 1847)
- August 7
- August 8 – Richard Blakemore, English politician (d. 1855)
- August 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
- August 12 – Conrad Malte-Brun, Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d. 1826)
- August 14 – Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde, Dutch politician (d. 1853)
- August 15
- August 16
- August 18
- August 20
- August 22
- August 23 – Mark Cubbon, British army officer with the East India Company (d. 1861)
- August 25 – Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, German philosopher and anthropologist (d. 1839)
- August 26 – William Joseph Behr, German political radical (d. 1851)
- August 27
- August 28
- August 29 – Niels Wulfsberg, Norwegian publisher (d. 1852)
- August 31
- September 1 – Honoré Charles Reille, French general, Marshal of France (d. 1860)
- September 4 – Jean-François Le Gonidec, Breton linguist, Bible translator (d. 1838)
- September 5
- September 6 – Aleksey Greig, Russian admiral (d. 1845)
- September 7 – John Jebb, Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d. 1833)
- September 8
- September 9
- September 10
- September 11
- September 12 – Josef Jüttner, Austrian cartographer and military officer (d. 1848)
- September 13 – Laura Secord, Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d. 1868)
- September 14
- September 15 – William A. Griswold, American lawyer and politician (d. 1846)
- September 16
- September 17
- September 19 – José Félix Ribas, hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1815)
- September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton, French botanist and physician (d. 1819)
- September 22 – Philip Milledoler, American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d. 1852)
- September 23 – Jens Christian Berg, Norwegian lawyer and historian (d. 1852)
- September 24 – Nathan Heald, officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d. 1832)
- September 25 – Pierre Flor, Norwegian politician (d. 1848)
- September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1845)
- September 29
- September 30 – Robert Adrain, Irish-born American mathematician (d. 1843)
October–December
- October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore, Irish politician (d. 1857)
- October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair, German writer and diplomat (d. 1815)
- October 6 – Johann Anton André, German composer and music publisher (d. 1842)
- October 7
- October 9
- October 12
- October 13 – John Wentworth Loring, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1852)
- October 14 – Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat, Scottish general (d. 1832)
- October 15
- October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad, Norwegian politician (d. 1866)
- October 18
- October 19
- October 21
- October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, German architect (d. 1842)
- October 24 – Bahadur Shah II, Mughal emperor (d. 1862)
- October 26
- October 30
- November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks, Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d. 1837)
- November 2
- November 3 – Edward Paget, British Army generak (d. 1849)
- November 4 – Pierre Capelle, French chansonnier (d. 1851)
- November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann, Danish composer (d. 1850)
- November 7 – Joseph Fox, English dental surgeon (d. 1816)
- November 8
- November 9 – Daniel Waldron, American businessman (d. 1821)
- November 10 – James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
- November 11 – Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg, Norwegian farmer and politician (d. 1848)
- November 13
- November 14 – Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, German legal scholar (d. 1833)
- November 15 – James Carnahan, American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d. 1859)
- November 19
- November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff, German author (d. 1823)
- November 21 – Josef Servas d'Outrepont, German obstetrician (d. 1845)
- November 23
- November 24 – Peter Buell Allen, politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d. 1833)
- November 25
- Joseph Borremans, Belgian composer (d. 1858)
- Michel Étienne Descourtilz, French physician, botanist and historiographer of the Haitian revolution (d. 1835)
- Jean Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d. 1825)
- Gustaf Gabriel Hällström, Finnish scientist (d. 1844)
- Charles Kemble, Welsh-born English actor of a prominent theatre family (d. 1854)
- November 27
- November 28
- November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset, French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1836)
- November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier, French magistrate and politician (d. 1835)
- December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere, Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d. 1830)
- December 5 – Abijah Bigelow, American politician (d. 1860)
- December 6
- December 10
- December 11 – Peter Little, American politician (d. 1830)
- December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger, Prussian statesman (d. 1843)
- December 14
- December 15 – Phineas Riall, British Army general (d. 1850)
- December 16
- Ciro Annunchiarico, Italian cult leader (d. 1817)
- Jane Austen, English novelist (d. 1817)[7]
- François-Adrien Boïeldieu, French composer (d. 1834)
- John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton, Scottish law lord (d. 1853)
- December 17 – Carlo Rossi, Russian architect (d. 1849)
- December 20
- December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey, French naturalist and anthropologist (d. 1846)
- December 25
- December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot, French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d. 1813)
- December 28
- Date unknown – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin, French balloonist and parachutist (d. 1847)
Deaths
- January 1 – Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Mughal Emperor (b. 1725)
- January 6 – Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (b. 1713)
- January 8 – John Baskerville, English printer (b. 1707)[8]
- January 10 – Stringer Lawrence, English soldier (b. 1697)
- January 11 – Prithvi Narayan Shah, last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (b. 1723)
- January 13 – Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (b. 1693)
- January 14 – Peter Schenk the Younger, Dutch engraver and map publisher active in Leipzig (b. 1693)
- January 17 – Vincenzo Riccati, Venetian mathematician and physicist (b. 1707)
- February 2 – Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1685)
- February 5 – Eusebius Amort, German Catholic theologian (b. 1692)
- February 6 – William Dowdeswell, English politician (b. 1721)
- February 15 – Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (b. 1690)
- February 28 – Empress Xiaoyichun of China (b. 1727)
- March 5 – Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy, French dramatist and actor (b. 1727)
- March 6 – Job Baster, Dutch naturalist (b. 1711)
- March 21 – Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (b. 1702)
- March 22 – Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1697)
- March 30 – Christian Ditlev Reventlow, Danish Privy Councillor (b. 1710)
- April 14 – Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach, wife of Landgrave William II (b. 1697)
- April 19 – Isaac Davis, American gunsmith and militia officer who commanded a company of Minutemen from Acton (b. 1745)
- April 30 – Peter Harrison, English-born colonial American architect (b. 1716)
- May 1 – Israel Lyons, English mathematician and botanist (b. 1739)
- May 2 – Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1715)
- May 3 – George Boscawen, British general (b. 1712)
- May 10
- May 18 – Magnus Beronius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (b. 1692)
- May 27 – Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, French noblewoman (b. 1693)
- June 15 – Asa Pollard, American soldier (b. 1735)
- June 17 – Battle of Bunker Hill
- June 21 – Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1718–1775) and Nassau-Saarbrücken (1728–1735) (b. 1712)
- June 23 – Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German adventurer and writer (b. 1692)
- July 3 – Thomas Gardner, American politician and colonel (d. of wounds) (b. 1724)
- July 11 – Simon Boerum, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
- July 13
- July 21 – Szymon Czechowicz, prominent Polish Baroque painter (b. 1689)
- August 10 – Elihu Adams, soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1741)
- August 13 – Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1696)
- August 21 – Zahir al-Umar, Arab ruler of northern Ottoman Palestine (b. 1689)
- August 22 – Remember Baker, American soldier, member of the Green Mountain Boys (murdered) (b. 1737)
- August 27 – James Burgh, British Whig politician and writer (b. 1714)
- September 6 – Jean-Baptiste Bullet, French writer (b. 1669)
- September 13 – Klaas Annink, Dutch serial killer (executed) (b. 1710)
- September 16 – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English privy councillor (b. 1684)
- September 17 – John Parker, American colonial farmer (b. 1729)
- September 23 – John Bentinck, British Royal Navy officer (b. 1737)
- September 24 – Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (b. 1705)
- October 2 – Fukuda Chiyo-ni, Japanese haiku poet and Buddhist nun (b. 1703)
- October 3 – Cluer Dicey, English newspaper proprietor and patent medicine vendor (b. 1715)
- October 13 – James Cholmondeley, British Army officer and Member of Parliament (b. 1708)
- October 18 – Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1715)
- October 22 – Peyton Randolph, planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia (b. 1721)
- November 4 – Luis Jayme, Spanish-born Franciscan (b. 1740)
- November 5 – Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1722)
- November 9 – Francisco Ximénez de Tejada, Spanish knight, 69th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1703)
- November 13 – Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, French aristocrat and eccentric widow (b. 1705)
- November 21 – John Hill, English botanist and writer
- November 24 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (b. 1703)
- November 25 – Richard Spry, British Royal Navy officer who served as North America and West Indies Station (b. 1715)
- December 7 – Charles Saunders, British admiral
- December 9 – Robert Livingston, American politician (b. 1718)
- December 15 – Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (b. 1712)
- December 28 – Petrus Albertus van der Parra, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1714)
- December 31 – Richard Montgomery, American general (killed in battle) (b. 1738)
References
- Warren, James Francis (1981). The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 36.
- de Madriaga, Isabel (January 1974). "Catherine II and the Serfs: A Reconsideration of Some Problems". The Slavonic and East European Review. 52 (126): 34–62. JSTOR 4206834.
- "Battles of Lexington and Concord", Britannica Student Encyclopedia, 2006, p. 454,
The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
- Scherer, F. M. (1965). "Invention and Innovation in the Watt-Boulton Steam-Engine Venture". Technology and Culture. 6 (2): 165–87. doi:10.2307/3101072. JSTOR 3101072.
- "The Invention of the Steam Engine: The Life of James Watt. Part 4: The Steam Engine Gains Popularity". About.com Inventors. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
- Carvill, James (1981). Famous names in engineering. London Boston: Butterworths. p. 1. ISBN 9780408005401.
- George Holbert Tucker (1995). Jane Austen the Woman: Some Biographical Insights. St. Martin's Griffin. p. 6.
- Jeremy Bentham; Alexander Taylor Milne; Ian R. Christie (1968). The Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham: 1752-76. Athlone Press. p. 256.
- Ward, Adolphus William (1887). – via Wikisource.
Further reading
- Norton, Mary Beth. 1774: The Long Year of Revolution (2020). America to April 1775 online review by Gordon S. Wood
- Phillips, Kevin. 1775: A Good Year for Revolution' (Viking, 2012.