December 14

December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 17 days remain until the end of the year.

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December 14 in recent years
  2021 (Tuesday)
  2020 (Monday)
  2019 (Saturday)
  2018 (Friday)
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  2013 (Saturday)
  2012 (Friday)

Events

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600
  • 1009 – Go-Suzaku, emperor of Japan (d. 1045)
  • 1332 – Frederick III, German nobleman (d. 1381)
  • 1546 – Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer and chemist (d. 1601)
  • 1599 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge, English politician (d. 1668)

1601–1900
  • 1607 – János Kemény, Hungarian prince (d. 1662)
  • 1625 – Barthélemy d'Herbelot, French orientalist and academic (d. 1695)
  • 1631 – Anne Conway, English philosopher and author (d. 1679)
  • 1640 – Aphra Behn, English playwright and author (d. 1689)
  • 1678 – Daniel Neal, English historian and author (d. 1743)
  • 1720 – Justus Möser, German jurist and theorist (d. 1794)
  • 1730 – Capel Bond, English organist and composer (d. 1790)
  • 1738 – Jan Antonín Koželuh, Czech composer and educator (d. 1814)
  • 1775 – Philander Chase, American bishop and educator, founded Kenyon College (d. 1852)
  • 1775 – Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, Scottish admiral and politician (d. 1860)
  • 1777 – Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon, Irish politician, Lord Lieutenant of Tyrone (d. 1839)
  • 1784 – Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily (d. 1806)
  • 1789 – Maria Szymanowska, Polish composer and pianist (d. 1831)
  • 1791 – Charles Wolfe, Irish priest and poet (d. 1823)
  • 1794 – Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (d. 1872)
  • 1816 – Abraham Hochmuth, Hungarian rabbi and educator (d. 1889)
  • 1824 – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter and illustrator (d. 1898)
  • 1832 – Daniel H. Reynolds, American general, lawyer, and politician (d. 1902)
  • 1851 – Mary Tappan Wright, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1916)
  • 1852 – Daniel De Leon, Curaçaoan-American journalist and politician (d. 1914)
  • 1853 – Errico Malatesta, Italian anarchist and revolutionary socialist (d. 1932)
  • 1856 – Louis Marshall, American lawyer and activist (d. 1929)
  • 1866 – Roger Fry, English painter and critic (d. 1934)
  • 1870 – Karl Renner, Austrian lawyer and politician, 4th President of Austria (d. 1950)
  • 1881 – Katherine MacDonald, American actress and producer (d. 1956)
  • 1883 – Manolis Kalomiris, Greek pianist and composer (d. 1962)
  • 1883 – Morihei Ueshiba, Japanese martial artist, developed aikido (d. 1969)
  • 1884 – Jane Cowl, American actress and playwright (d. 1950)
  • 1887 – Xul Solar, Argentinian painter and sculptor (d. 1963)
  • 1894 – Alexander Nelke, Estonian-American painter and carpenter (d. 1974)
  • 1895 – George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952)[19]
  • 1895 – Paul Éluard, French poet and author (d. 1952)
  • 1896 – Jimmy Doolittle, American general and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1993)
  • 1897 – Kurt Schuschnigg, Italian-Austrian lawyer and politician, 15th Federal Chancellor of Austria (d. 1977)
  • 1897 – Margaret Chase Smith, American educator and politician (d. 1995)
  • 1899 – DeFord Bailey, American Hall of Fame country and blues musician (d. 1982)

1901–present
  • 1901 – Henri Cochet, French tennis player (d. 1987)
  • 1901 – Paul of Greece (d. 1964)
  • 1902 – Frances Bavier, American actress (d. 1989)
  • 1902 – Herbert Feigl, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1988)
  • 1903 – Walter Rangeley, English sprinter (d. 1982)
  • 1904 – Virginia Coffey, American civil rights activist (d. 2003)
  • 1908 – Morey Amsterdam, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1996)
  • 1908 – Claude Davey, Welsh rugby player (d. 2001)
  • 1908 – Mária Szepes, Hungarian journalist, author, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
  • 1909 – Edward Lawrie Tatum, American geneticist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
  • 1911 – Spike Jones, American singer and bandleader (d. 1965)
  • 1911 – Hans von Ohain, German-American physicist and engineer (d. 1998)
  • 1911 – Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz, Greek-Polish swimmer and water polo player (d. 1943)
  • 1914 – Karl Carstens, German lieutenant and politician, 5th President of the Federal Republic of Germany (d. 1992)
  • 1914 – Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichord player (d. 2003)
  • 1915 – Dan Dailey, American dancer and actor (d. 1978)
  • 1916 – Shirley Jackson, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1965)
  • 1917 – C.-H. Hermansson, Swedish author and politician (d. 2016)
  • 1917 – Elyse Knox, American actress and fashion designer (d. 2012)
  • 1917 – June Taylor, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2004)
  • 1918 – James T. Aubrey, American broadcaster (d. 1994)
  • 1918 – Radu Beligan, Romanian actor and director (d. 2016)
  • 1918 – B. K. S. Iyengar, Indian yoga instructor and author, founded Iyengar Yoga (d. 2014)
  • 1920 – Clark Terry, American trumpet player, composer, and educator (d. 2015)
  • 1922 – Nikolay Basov, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
  • 1922 – Don Hewitt, American journalist and producer, created 60 Minutes (d. 2009)
  • 1922 – Junior J. Spurrier, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1984)
  • 1923 – Gerard Reve, Dutch-Belgian author and poet (d. 2006)
  • 1924 – Raj Kapoor, Indian actor, director, and producer (d. 1988)
  • 1925 – Sam Jones, American baseball player (d. 1971)
  • 1927 – Richard Cassilly, American tenor and actor (d. 1998)
  • 1927 – Koos Rietkerk, Dutch lawyer and politician, Dutch Minister of the Interior (d. 1986)
  • 1929 – Ron Jarden, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1977)
  • 1930 – David R. Harris, English geographer, anthropologist, and archaeologist (d. 2013)
  • 1930 – Margaret Bakkes, South African author (d. 2016)
  • 1931 – Jon Elia, Pakistani philosopher, poet, and scholar (d. 2002)
  • 1931 – Vladimir-Georg Karassev-Orgusaar, Estonian director and politician (d. 2015)
  • 1932 – George Furth, American actor and playwright (d. 2008)
  • 1932 – Abbe Lane, American actress, singer, and dancer
  • 1932 – Charlie Rich, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1995)
  • 1934 – Shyam Benegal, Indian director and screenwriter
  • 1934 – Charlie Hodge, American guitarist and singer (d. 2006)
  • 1935 – Lewis Arquette, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2001)
  • 1935 – Lee Remick, American actress (d. 1991)
  • 1938 – Leonardo Boff, Brazilian theologian and author
  • 1938 – Charlie Griffith, Barbadian cricketer
  • 1939 – Ann Cryer, English academic and politician
  • 1939 – Ernie Davis, American football player (d. 1963)
  • 1940 – Lex Gold, Scottish footballer and civil servant
  • 1941 – Karan Armstrong, American soprano and actress (d. 2021)
  • 1941 – Ellen Willis, American journalist, critic, and academic (d. 2006)
  • 1942 – Chris Harris, English actor and director (d. 2014)
  • 1942 – Dick Wagner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)
  • 1943 – Tommy McAvoy, Scottish politician
  • 1943 – Emmett Tyrrell, American journalist, author, and publisher, founded The American Spectator
  • 1944 – Graham Kirkham, Baron Kirkham, English businessman, founded DFS
  • 1944 – Denis Thwaites, English professional footballer murdered in the 2015 Sousse attacks (d. 2015)[20]
  • 1946 – Antony Beevor, English historian and author
  • 1946 – Jane Birkin, English-French actress and singer
  • 1946 – John Du Prez, English conductor and composer
  • 1946 – Patty Duke, American actress (d. 2016)
  • 1946 – Ruth Fuchs, German javelin thrower and politician
  • 1946 – Peter Lorimer, Scottish footballer (d. 2021)
  • 1946 – Michael Ovitz, American talent agent, co-founded Creative Artists Agency
  • 1946 – Stan Smith, American tennis player and coach
  • 1946 – Joyce Vincent Wilson, American singer
  • 1947 – Christopher Parkening, American guitarist and educator
  • 1947 – Dilma Rousseff, Brazilian economist and politician, 36th President of Brazil
  • 1948 – Lester Bangs, American journalist and author (d. 1982)
  • 1948 – Kim Beazley, Australian politician and diplomat, 9th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
  • 1948 – Boudewijn Büch, Dutch author, poet, and television host (d. 2002)
  • 1948 – Peeter Kreitzberg, Estonian lawyer and politician (d. 2011)
  • 1949 – Bill Buckner, American baseball player and manager (d. 2019)
  • 1949 – Cliff Williams, Australian bass player
  • 1951 – Jan Timman, Dutch chess player and author
  • 1952 – John Lurie, American actor, saxophonist, painter, director, and producer
  • 1953 – Vijay Amritraj, Indian tennis player and sportscaster
  • 1953 – Wade Davis, Canadian anthropologist, author, and photographer
  • 1953 – René Eespere, Estonian composer
  • 1953 – Vangelis Meimarakis, Greek lawyer and politician, 4th Greek Minister for National Defence
  • 1953 – Mikael Odenberg, Swedish soldier and politician, 29th Swedish Minister for Defence
  • 1954 – Alan Kulwicki, American race car driver (d. 1993)
  • 1954 – Steve MacLean, Canadian physicist and astronaut
  • 1955 – Jane Crafter, Australian golfer
  • 1955 – Jill Pipher, American mathematician and academic
  • 1956 – Linda Fabiani, Scottish politician
  • 1956 – Hanni Wenzel, German skier
  • 1958 – Mike Scott, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1958 – Spider Stacy, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1959 – Bob Paris, American-Canadian bodybuilder and actor
  • 1959 – Jorge Vaca, Mexican boxer
  • 1960 – Don Franklin, American actor
  • 1960 – Chris Waddle, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
  • 1960 – Diane Williams, American sprinter
  • 1960 – James Comey, 7th Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
  • 1961 – Jeff Robinson, American baseball player (d. 2014)
  • 1961 – Patrik Sundström, Swedish ice hockey player
  • 1963 – Greg Abbott, English footballer and manager
  • 1963 – Diana Gansky, German discus thrower
  • 1965 – Craig Biggio, American baseball player and coach
  • 1965 – Ken Hill, American baseball player
  • 1965 – Ted Raimi, American actor, director, and screenwriter
  • 1966 – Fabrizio Giovanardi, Italian race car driver
  • 1966 – Anthony Mason, American basketball player (d. 2015)
  • 1966 – Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Danish academic and politician, 41st Prime Minister of Denmark
  • 1966 – Bill Ranford, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1966 – Tim Sköld, Swedish bass player and producer
  • 1967 – Ewa Białołęcka, Polish author
  • 1967 – Hanne Haugland, Norwegian high jumper and coach
  • 1968 – Kelley Armstrong, Canadian author
  • 1969 – Scott Hatteberg, American baseball player and sportscaster
  • 1969 – Archie Kao, American actor and producer
  • 1969 – Arthur Numan, Dutch footballer and manager
  • 1969 – Natascha McElhone, English-Irish actress
  • 1970 – Anna Maria Jopek, Polish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
  • 1970 – Beth Orton, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1971 – Michaela Watkins, American actor and comedian
  • 1972 – Miranda Hart, English actress
  • 1972 – Marcus Jensen, American baseball player and coach
  • 1973 – Falk Balzer, German hurdler
  • 1973 – Pat Burke, Irish basketball player
  • 1973 – Tomasz Radzinski, Polish-Canadian footballer
  • 1973 – Saulius Štombergas, Lithuanian basketball player and coach
  • 1974 – Billy Koch, American baseball player
  • 1975 – Justin Furstenfeld, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
  • 1975 – Ben Kay, English rugby player
  • 1976 – Tammy Blanchard, American actress and singer
  • 1976 – Leland Chapman, American bounty hunter
  • 1976 – Sebastien Chaule, French-German rugby player
  • 1976 – André Couto, Portuguese race car driver
  • 1976 – Santiago Ezquerro, Spanish footballer
  • 1977 – Brendan Nash, Australian-Jamaican cricketer
  • 1977 – Jamie Peacock, English rugby player and manager
  • 1978 – Dean Brogan, Australian footballer and coach
  • 1978 – Shedrack Kibet Korir, Kenyan runner
  • 1978 – Zdeněk Pospěch, Czech footballer
  • 1978 – Patty Schnyder, Swiss tennis player
  • 1978 – Kim St-Pierre, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1979 – Jean-Alain Boumsong, French footballer
  • 1979 – Andrei Makrov, Estonian ice hockey player
  • 1979 – Sophie Monk, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1979 – Michael Owen, English footballer and sportscaster
  • 1979 – Rocc, Slovenian opera stage director and designer[21]
  • 1980 – Gordon Greer, Scottish footballer
  • 1980 – Didier Zokora, Ivorian footballer
  • 1980 – Thed Björk, Swedish race car driver
  • 1981 – Johnny Jeter, American wrestler
  • 1981 – Liam Lawrence, Irish footballer
  • 1981 – Shaun Marcum, American baseball player
  • 1982 – Josh Fields, American baseball player
  • 1982 – Steve Sidwell, English footballer
  • 1982 – Anthony Way, English singer and actor
  • 1983 – Leanne Mitchell, English singer-songwriter
  • 1984 – Chris Brunt, Northern Irish footballer
  • 1984 – Rana Daggubati, Indian actor and producer
  • 1984 – Ed Rainsford, Zimbabwean cricketer
  • 1985 – Jakub Błaszczykowski, Polish footballer
  • 1985 – Alex Pennie, Welsh keyboard player
  • 1985 – Paul Rabil, American lacrosse player
  • 1985 – Tom Smith, English-Welsh rugby player
  • 1985 – Nonami Takizawa, Japanese actress and singer
  • 1987 – Kenneth Medwood, Belizean-American hurdler
  • 1988 – Nicolas Batum, French basketball player
  • 1988 – Nate Ebner, American football player
  • 1988 – Vanessa Hudgens, American actress and singer
  • 1988 – Hayato Sakamoto, Japanese baseball player
  • 1989 – Sam Burgess, English rugby league player
  • 1989 – Pedro Roberto Silva Botelho, Brazilian footballer
  • 1989 – Onew, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
  • 1991 – Ben Henry, New Zealand rugby league player
  • 1991 – Offset, American rapper
  • 1992 – Tori Kelly, American singer-songwriter
  • 1992 – Ryo Miyaichi, Japanese footballer
  • 1993 – Antonio Giovinazzi, Italian race car driver
  • 1995 – Calvyn Justus, South African swimmer
  • 1996 – Li Zijun, Chinese figure skater

Deaths

Pre-1600
  • 618 – Xue Rengao, emperor of Qin
  • 648 – John III of the Sedre, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch[22]
  • 704 – Aldfrith, king of Northumbria (or 705)
  • 872 – Pope Adrian II (b. 792)
  • 1077 – Agnes of Poitou, Holy Roman Empress and regent (b. c. 1025)
  • 1293 – Al-Ashraf Khalil, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
  • 1311 – Margaret of Brabant, German queen consort (b. 1276)
  • 1332 – Rinchinbal Khan, Mongolian emperor (b. 1326)
  • 1359 – Cangrande II della Scala, Lord of Verona (b. 1332)
  • 1417 – John Oldcastle, English Lollard leader
  • 1460 – Guarino da Verona, Italian scholar and translator (b. 1370)
  • 1480 – Niccolò Perotti, humanist scholar (b. 1429)
  • 1503 – Sten Sture the Elder, regent of Sweden (b. 1440)
  • 1510 – Friedrich of Saxony (b. 1473)
  • 1542 – James V of Scotland (b. 1512)
  • 1591 – John of the Cross, Spanish priest and saint (b. 1542)
  • 1595 – Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1535)

1601–1900

1901–present
  • 1912 – Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis, English lieutenant and explorer (b. 1887)
  • 1917 – Phil Waller, Welsh rugby player (b. 1889)
  • 1920 – George Gipp, American football player (b. 1895)
  • 1927 – Julian Sochocki, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1842)
  • 1929 – Henry B. Jackson, British admiral (b. 1855)
  • 1935 – Stanley G. Weinbaum, American author (b. 1902)
  • 1937 – Fabián de la Rosa, Filipino painter and educator (b. 1869)
  • 1940 – Anton Korošec, Slovenian priest and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1872)
  • 1943 – John Harvey Kellogg, American physician and businessman, co-invented corn flakes (b. 1852)
  • 1944 – Lupe Vélez, Mexican actress (b. 1908)[24]
  • 1947 – Stanley Baldwin, English lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)
  • 1947 – Edward Higgins, English-American 3rd General of The Salvation Army (b. 1864)
  • 1953 – Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, American author and academic (b. 1896)
  • 1956 – Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Finnish lawyer and politician, 7th President of Finland (b. 1870)
  • 1963 – Dinah Washington, American singer and pianist (b. 1924)
  • 1964 – William Bendix, American actor (b. 1906)
  • 1970 – Franz Schlegelberger, German judge and politician, German Reich Minister of Justice (b. 1876)
  • 1971 – Mufazzal Haider Chaudhury, Bangladeshi linguist and scholar (b. 1926)
  • 1971 – Munier Choudhury, Bangladeshi author, playwright, and critic (b. 1925)
  • 1971 – Shahidullah Kaiser, Bangladeshi journalist and author (b. 1927)
  • 1974 – Walter Lippmann, American journalist and author (b. 1889)
  • 1975 – Arthur Treacher, English-American entertainer (b. 1894)
  • 1978 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish historian and diplomat, co-founded the College of Europe (b. 1886)
  • 1980 – Elston Howard, American baseball player and coach (b. 1929)
  • 1984 – Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish poet and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
  • 1985 – Catherine Doherty, Russian-Canadian activist, founded the Madonna House Apostolate (b. 1896)
  • 1985 – Roger Maris, American baseball player and coach (b. 1934)
  • 1989 – Jock Mahoney, American actor and stuntman (b. 1919)
  • 1989 – Andrei Sakharov, Russian physicist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1921)
  • 1990 – Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss author and playwright (b. 1921)
  • 1990 – Paula Nenette Pepin, French composer, pianist and lyricist (b. 1908)[25]
  • 1991 – Robert Eddison, Japanese-English actor (b. 1908)
  • 1993 – Jeff Alm, American football player (b. 1968)
  • 1993 – Myrna Loy, American actress (b. 1905)
  • 1994 – Orval Faubus, American soldier and politician, 36th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1910)
  • 1995 – G. C. Edmondson, American soldier and author (b. 1922)
  • 1996 – Gaston Miron, Canadian poet and author (b. 1928)
  • 1997 – Stubby Kaye, American actor and comedian (b. 1918)
  • 1997 – Emily Cheney Neville, American author (b. 1919)
  • 1997 – Kurt Winter, Canadian guitarist and songwriter (b. 1946)
  • 1998 – Norman Fell, American actor and comedian (b. 1924)
  • 1998 – A. Leon Higginbotham Jr., American lawyer, judge, and activist (b. 1928)
  • 1998 – Annette Strauss, American philanthropist and politician, Mayor of Dallas (b. 1924)
  • 2001 – W. G. Sebald, German novelist, essayist, and poet (b. 1944)
  • 2003 – Jeanne Crain, American actress (b. 1925)
  • 2003 – Blas Ople, Filipino journalist and politician, 21st President of the Senate of the Philippines (b. 1927)
  • 2003 – Frank Sheeran, American union leader and mobster (b. 1920)
  • 2004 – Rod Kanehl, American baseball player (b. 1934)
  • 2004 – Fernando Poe Jr., Filipino actor, director, producer, and politician (b. 1939)
  • 2006 – Anton Balasingham, Sri Lankan-English strategist and negotiator (b. 1938)
  • 2006 – Ahmet Ertegun, Turkish-American composer and producer, co-founded Atlantic Records (b. 1923)
  • 2006 – Mike Evans, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1949)
  • 2009 – Alan A'Court, English footballer and manager (b. 1934)
  • 2010 – Timothy Davlin, American politician, Mayor of Springfield (b. 1957)
  • 2010 – Neva Patterson, American actress (b. 1920)
  • 2010 – Dale Roberts, English footballer (b. 1986)
  • 2011 – Joe Simon, American author and illustrator (b. 1913)
  • 2011 – Billie Jo Spears, American singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
  • 2012 – John Graham, English general (b. 1923)
  • 2012 – Edward Jones, American police officer and politician (b. 1950)
  • 2012 – Victoria Leigh Soto, American educator (b. 1985)
  • 2013 – Janet Dailey, American author (b. 1944)
  • 2013 – C. N. Karunakaran, Indian painter and illustrator (b. 1940)
  • 2013 – Dennis Lindley, English statistician and academic (b. 1923)
  • 2013 – Peter O'Toole, British-Irish actor (b. 1932)
  • 2013 – George Rodrigue, American painter (b. 1944)
  • 2014 – Theo Colborn, American zoologist and academic (b. 1927)
  • 2014 – Irene Dalis, American soprano and pianist (b. 1925)
  • 2014 – Louis Alphonse Koyagialo, Congolese politician, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (b. 1947)
  • 2014 – Bess Myerson, American model, activist, game show panelist and television personality; Miss America 1945 (b. 1924)
  • 2014 – Fred Thurston, American football player (b. 1933)
  • 2015 – Terry Backer, American soldier and politician (b. 1954)
  • 2015 – Glen Sonmor, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1929)
  • 2015 – Vadym Tyshchenko, Ukrainian footballer and manager (b. 1963)
  • 2015 – Lillian Vernon, German-American businesswoman and philanthropist, founded the Lillian Vernon Company (b. 1927)
  • 2016 – Paulo Evaristo Arns, Brazilian cardinal (b. 1921)
  • 2016 – Bernard Fox, Welsh actor (b. 1927)
  • 2017 – Yu Kwang-chung, Chinese writer (b. 1928)
  • 2019 – Chuy Bravo, Mexican-American comedian and actor (b. 1956)[26]
  • 2020 – Gérard Houllier, French Football manager (b. 1947)[27]

Holidays and observances

References
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  2. Broughton, Jeffrey L. (2009). Zongmi on Chan. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 204. ISBN 9780231143929.
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  12. King, Spurgeon (October 8, 2017). "Battle of Bean's Station". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
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  14. Legrand, Jacques (1987). Chronicle of the 20th Century. Ecam Publication. p. 22. ISBN 0-942191-01-3.
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  17. Wilson, Alexandra (2007). The Puccini Problem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-521-85688-1.
  18. Garcia, Richard (30 December 2018). "Chile será protagonista de tres eclipses totales de Sol consecutivos por primera vez". EyN (in Spanish).
  19. "George VI | Biography & Stammer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  20. Denis Thwaites: Fast and skilful footballer who played for Birmingham City and was murdered in a terrorist attack in Tunisia | The Independent
  21. "Rocc". Archiv.narodni-divadlo.cz. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  22. Barsoum, Ephrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. p. 322. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  23. "Albert, Prince Consort | Biography, Children, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  24. Vogel, Michelle (2012). Lupe Velez: The Life and Career of Hollywood's Mexican Spitfire. McFarland. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-7864-8997-8.
  25. Chavero, Kolla. "Pablo del Cerro". Fundacion Yupanqui. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  26. Perez, Lexy (2019-12-15). "Chuy Bravo, Sidekick on 'Chelsea Lately,' Dies at 63". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  27. "Houllier dies aged 73 - tributes and reaction". BBC Sport. 2020-12-14. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
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