1873

1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1873rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 873rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 73rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1873 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1873 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1873
MDCCCLXXIII
Ab urbe condita2626
Armenian calendar1322
ԹՎ ՌՅԻԲ
Assyrian calendar6623
Baháʼí calendar29–30
Balinese saka calendar1794–1795
Bengali calendar1280
Berber calendar2823
British Regnal year36 Vict. 1 – 37 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2417
Burmese calendar1235
Byzantine calendar7381–7382
Chinese calendar壬申年 (Water Monkey)
4569 or 4509
    — to —
癸酉年 (Water Rooster)
4570 or 4510
Coptic calendar1589–1590
Discordian calendar3039
Ethiopian calendar1865–1866
Hebrew calendar5633–5634
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1929–1930
 - Shaka Samvat1794–1795
 - Kali Yuga4973–4974
Holocene calendar11873
Igbo calendar873–874
Iranian calendar1251–1252
Islamic calendar1289–1290
Japanese calendarMeiji 6
(明治６年)
Javanese calendar1801–1802
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4206
Minguo calendar39 before ROC
民前39年
Nanakshahi calendar405
Thai solar calendar2415–2416
Tibetan calendar阳水猴年
(male Water-Monkey)
1999 or 1618 or 846
    — to —
阴水鸡年
(female Water-Rooster)
2000 or 1619 or 847
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1873.

Events

January–March

April–June
  • April 1 – British ocean liner RMS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547.
  • April 4 – The Kennel Club, the world's first kennel club, is founded in the United Kingdom.
  • April 15–17 – American Indian Wars: The Second Battle of the Stronghold is fought.
  • April 19 – In Richmond, Rhode Island, 11 people perish in a train derailment, due to a bridge washout in the village of Richmond Switch (now Wood River Junction).
  • May – Henry Rose exhibits barbed wire at an Illinois county fair, which is taken up by Joseph Glidden and Jacob Haish, who invent a machine to mass-produce it.
  • May 5 – Third Carlist War – Battle of Eraul: Carlists under General Dorregaray defeat Republicans at Eraul, near Estella.
  • May 9
    • Der Gründerkrach: The Wiener Börse (Vienna stock exchange) crash in Austria-Hungary ends the Gründerzeit, and heralds the global Panic of 1873 and Long Depression.
    • The Battle of Montejurra at Navarra, Spain, is fought during the Third Carlist War.
  • May 20
    • Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive United States patent#139121, for using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets of denim work pants. Levi Strauss & Co. begin manufacturing the famous Levi's brand of jeans, using fabric from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester, New Hampshire.
    • In Chipping Norton, England, rioters attempt to free the Ascott Martyrs –16 women sentenced to imprisonment, for attempting to dissuade strikebreakers.
  • May 23
  • May 27
  • May 28
    • C. Laan brings order to the chaos created by the dockworker riots of Tripoli, Lebanon.
    • The city of Khiva falls to Imperial Russian forces, under the command of General Konstantin von Kaufman.
  • June Unknown date – Ochanomizu Women's University founded in Japan (then the Tokyo Women's Normal School).
  • June 4 – American Indian Wars: The Modoc War ends with the capture of Kintpuash (Captain Jack).
  • June 9 – Alexandra Palace in London is destroyed by fire, only a fortnight after its opening.

July–September
  • July – The end of the war between the United Kingdom and Ghana's King Kofi KariKari, who is involved in the trading of slaves, leads to the establishment of the Gold Coast Colony.
  • July 1 – Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
  • July 5 – New Rush in Griqualand West, South Africa is renamed Kimberley.[1]
  • July 9 – Third Carlist War – Battle of Alpens: Campaigning in Catalonia, a government column under General José Cabrinetty is ambushed at Alpens, 15 miles east of Berga, by Carlist forces under General Francisco Savalls. After heavy fighting, with Cabrinety killed, virtually the entire column of 800 men is killed or captured.
  • July 17 – Richard Southey becomes the first Lieutenant-Governor of Griqualand West.[2]
  • July 21 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).
  • July 22 – Sir Benjamin Pine becomes Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal.
  • August 4 – American Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the Seventh Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, clashes for the first time with the Sioux, near the Tongue River (only 1 man on each side is killed).
  • August 12 – A peace treaty is signed between Imperial Russia and the Khanate of Khiva, making the khanate a Russian protectorate.
  • August 30 – The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition discovers Franz Josef Land.[3]
  • September 15 – The International Meteorological Organization (IMO) is established.
  • September 16 – German troops leave France, upon completion of payment of indemnity for the Franco-Prussian War.
  • September 17 – The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later Ohio State University, opens its doors with 25 students, including 2 women.
  • September 18 – The New York stock market crash triggers the Panic of 1873, part of the Long Depression.
  • September 25 – Classes begin at Drury University in Springfield, Missouri.

October–December
  • October – The Long Depression begins in the United States.
  • October 6
    • The County Carlow Football Club (rugby union) is founded in Ireland.
    • Third Carlist War – Battle of Mañeru: In continued campaigning in Navarre, Spanish Republican General Domingo Moriones meets a Carlist force under Nicolás Ollo at Mañeru, near Puente de la Reina, in a hard-fought but indecisive action. While both sides claim victory, the Carlists are said to have had the advantage, and a month later Moriones is repulsed in a costly assault further west, against Estella.
  • November 6 – The Halifax Rugby League Club is founded in England.
  • November 7
    • Alexander Mackenzie becomes the second Prime Minister of Canada.
    • Third Carlist War – Battle of Montejurra: Determined to recapture the key city of Estella in Navarre, Spanish Republican General Domingo Moriones advances on the Carlists under General Joaquín Elío at nearby Montejurra. After very heavy fighting both sides claim victory, but Moriones withdraws, and Estella remains in Carlist hands. Don Carlos is present in the front line.
  • November 10 – Establishment of the Home Ministry in Japan, introducing police services of the Empire of Japan on the European model.
  • November 17 – Budapest, Hungary's capital, is formed from Pest, Buda and Óbuda.
  • November 18–21 – Irish Home Rule movement: The Home Government Association reconstitutes itself as the Home Rule League.
  • November 22 – SS Ville du Havre, on passage from New York to France, collides with Scottish 3-masted iron clipper Loch Earn and sinks in 12 minutes with the loss of 226 lives.
  • December – Major Walter Clopton Wingfield designs and patents a racquet sport, which he calls sphairistike (Greek σφάίρίστική, "skill at playing at ball"), soon known simply as Stické, for the amusement of his guests at a garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in Llanelidan, Wales.
  • December 15 – Women of Fredonia, New York march against the retail liquor dealers in town, to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade of 1873–74.
  • December 16 – The Heineken Brewery is founded in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
  • December 19 (December 7 OS) – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's fantasia The Tempest, composed between August and October, is premiered, in Moscow.
  • December 21 – Francis Garnier is attacked outside Hanoi by Black Flag mercenaries fighting for the Vietnamese.
  • December 22 – Third Carlist War – Battle of Bocairente: Campaigning in Valenica, Spanish Republican General Valeriano Weyler is attacked at Bocairente, northwest of Alcoy, by a greatly superior Carlist force under General José Santés. Weyler is initially driven back, losing some of his guns, but in a brilliant counter-attack he turns defeat into victory, and Santés is heavily repulsed and forced to withdraw.
  • December 23 – The Woman's Christian Temperance Union is founded, in Hillsboro, Ohio.
  • December 27 – Third Carlist War – Siege of Bilbao (until 2 May 1874): Campaigning in Navarre, Pretender Don Carlos VII and General Joaquín Elío besiege Bilbao, held by General Ignacio del Castillo and 1,200 men. The Carlist force is ten times this number, and includes most of the troops from Navarre, Vizcaya and Álava, although a considerable force is left in Guipúzcoa. Despite defeat at nearby Somorrostro, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano, supported by Generals Manuel de la Concha and Arsenio Martínez-Campos, brilliantly breaks the siege, and Concha then marches on Estella.

Date unknown
  • The League of the Three Emperors is created. It links the conservative monarchs of Austria-Hungary, the German Empire and the Russian Empire in an alliance against radical movements.
  • Founding of:
    • Toronto Argonauts, the oldest professional sports team still playing in North America.
    • Royal Montreal Club in Montreal, the first permanent golf club in North America.
  • Liebig's Extract of Meat Company begins producing tinned corned beef, sold under the label Fray Bentos, from the town in Uruguay where it is processed.
  • Coors Brewing Company begins making beer in Golden, Colorado.
  • The Swedish arms company Aktiebolaget (AB) Bofors-Gullspång, better known as Bofors, is founded.
  • In Mexico, the Veracruz–Mexico City railroad is completed.
  • Nine Pekin ducks are imported to Long Island (the first in the United States).
  • The Married Woman's Property Rights Association is founded in Sweden.
  • Konishiya Rokubei, as predecessor of Konica Minolta, a digital office machine brand on worldwide, founded in Tokyo, Japan.

Births

January–March
Adolph Zukor
Melitta Bentz
Enrico Caruso
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Hans Berger
Otto Loewi
Alexis Carrel

April–June
Hugo Simberg

July–September
Prince Yamashina Kikumaro
Karl Schwarzschild
Ramón Castillo

October–December
Frederic Thompson

Date unknown
  • Filip Mișea, Aromanian activist, physician and politician (d. 1944)[18]

Deaths

January–June
Napoleon III
Justus von Liebig
David Livingstone

July–December
Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg

References
  1. Roberts, Brian. 1976. Kimberley, turbulent city. Cape Town: David Philip, p 115
  2. The British Empire: Griqualand West Administrators (Accessed on 16 April 2017)
  3. This Day in History Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 22 November 2013.
  4. Rossel, Sven (1984). Johannes V. Jensen. Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 9780805765656.
  5. Cummins, Laurel (2005). Colette and the conquest of self. Birmingham, Ala: Summa. p. 20. ISBN 9781883479466.
  6. "Thomas Andrews | Irish ship designer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
  7. Jaffé, Daniel (2012). Historical dictionary of Russian music. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 83. ISBN 9780810879805.
  8. Caruso, Enrico (1997). Enrico Caruso : my father and my family. Portland, Ore: Amadeus Press. p. 19. ISBN 9781574670226.
  9. Steinberg, Michael (2000). The concerto : a listener's guide. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 380. ISBN 9780195103304.
  10. Steinberg, Michael (1995). The symphony : a listener's guide. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 443. ISBN 9780195126655.
  11. Parini, Jay (2004). The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118. ISBN 9780195156539.
  12. "Etusivu". kansallisbiografia.fi.
  13. Wharton, Edith (2000). Yrs. ever affly : the correspondence of Edith Wharton and Louis Bromfield. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. p. 111. ISBN 9780870135163.
  14. Bloom, Ken (2013). Routledge Guide to Broadway. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 104. ISBN 9781135871178.
  15. Hardy, Phil (1995). The Da Capo companion to 20th-century popular music. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 402. ISBN 9780306806407.
  16. Parini, Jay (2004). The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 240. ISBN 9780195156539.
  17. Henderson, Lesley (1990). Twentieth-Century romance and historical writers. Chicago: St. James Press. p. 243. ISBN 9780912289977.
  18. Tudor, Anghel C. (April 10, 2019). "Celebrități medicale buzoiene / Doctor Mișea Filip, creatorul secției de contagioase a Spitalului Gârlași". Opinia Buzău (in Romanian).
  19. Melada, Ivan (1987). Sheridan Le Fanu. Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 9780805769371.
  20. The American Cyclopædia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge. D. Appleton. 1881. p. 203.
  21. Bruce Mazlish (1988). James and John Stuart Mill: Father and Son in the Nineteenth Century. Transaction Books. p. 111.
  22. Manzoni, Alessandro (2004). Alessandro Manzoni's The Count of Carmagnola and Adelchis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780801878817.
  23. Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Jaunpuri, Karamat Ali". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  24. Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg – KirjastoVirma (in Finnish)
  25. Magill, Frank (1997). Cyclopedia of world authors. Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press. p. 738. ISBN 9780893564360.

Further reading and year books
  • 1873 Annual Cyclopedia (1874) highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1873; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 831pp
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