1876

1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1876th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 876th year of the 2nd millennium, the 76th year of the 19th century, and the 7th year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1876, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1876 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1876 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1876
MDCCCLXXVI
Ab urbe condita2629
Armenian calendar1325
ԹՎ ՌՅԻԵ
Assyrian calendar6626
Baháʼí calendar32–33
Balinese saka calendar1797–1798
Bengali calendar1283
Berber calendar2826
British Regnal year39 Vict. 1 – 40 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2420
Burmese calendar1238
Byzantine calendar7384–7385
Chinese calendar乙亥年 (Wood Pig)
4572 or 4512
    — to —
丙子年 (Fire Rat)
4573 or 4513
Coptic calendar1592–1593
Discordian calendar3042
Ethiopian calendar1868–1869
Hebrew calendar5636–5637
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1932–1933
 - Shaka Samvat1797–1798
 - Kali Yuga4976–4977
Holocene calendar11876
Igbo calendar876–877
Iranian calendar1254–1255
Islamic calendar1292–1293
Japanese calendarMeiji 9
(明治９年)
Javanese calendar1804–1805
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4209
Minguo calendar36 before ROC
民前36年
Nanakshahi calendar408
Thai solar calendar2418–2419
Tibetan calendar阴木猪年
(female Wood-Pig)
2002 or 1621 or 849
    — to —
阳火鼠年
(male Fire-Rat)
2003 or 1622 or 850
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1876.

Events

January–March
  • January 1
    • The Reichsbank opens in Berlin.
    • The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol.[1]
  • February 2 – The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs is formed at a meeting in Chicago; it replaces the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. Morgan Bulkeley of the Hartford Dark Blues is selected as the league's first president.
  • February 2 – Third Carlist War – Battle of Montejurra: The new commander General Fernando Primo de Rivera marches on the remaining Carlist stronghold at Estella, where he meets a force of about 1,600 men under General Carlos Calderón, at nearby Montejurra. After a courageous and costly defence, Calderón is forced to withdraw.
  • February 14 – Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.
  • February 19 – Third Carlist War: Government troops under General Primo de Rivera drive through the weak Carlist forces protecting Estella, and take the city by storm.
  • February 22 – Johns Hopkins University is founded in Baltimore.
  • February 24 – The first stage production of the verse-play Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen premieres, with incidental music by Edvard Grieg, in Oslo (then called Christiania), Norway.
  • February 26 – The Japanese force the Korean government to sign the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 (having brought a fleet to Incheon, the port of modern-day Seoul), opening three ports to Japanese trade and forcing Korea's Joseon dynasty to cease considering itself a tributary of China. On China's urging, Korea also signs treaties with the European powers, in an effort to counterbalance Japan.
  • February 28 – Third Carlist War: The Carlist forces do not succeed, and the promises are never fulfilled. The Carlist pretender Carlos, Duke of Madrid, goes into exile in France, bringing the conflict to an end after four years.
  • February–March – The Harvard Lampoon humor magazine is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • Spring – Thousands of Plains Indians in the United States travel to an encampment of the Sioux chief Sitting Bull in the region of the Little Bighorn River, creating the last great gathering of native peoples on the Great Plains.[2]
  • March – American librarian Melvil Dewey first publishes the Dewey Decimal Classification system.[3]
  • March 2 – United States Secretary of War William Belknap resigns his office in the wake of the trader post scandal. He is later impeached by the US House of Representatives.
  • March 7 – Alexander Graham Bell is granted a United States patent for the telephone.[4]
  • March 10 – Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful telephone call, saying "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you".
  • March 20 – Through constitutional reform taking legal effect, Louis De Geer becomes the first Prime Minister of Sweden.

April–June

July – September
Punch cartoon from June 17. Russia preparing to let slip the "Dogs of War", its imminent engagement in the growing Balkan conflict between Slavic states and Turkey, while policeman John Bull (Britain) warns Russia to take care. The Slavic states of Serbia and Montenegro would declare war on Turkey two weeks later.

October–December
  • October 4 – Texas A&M University opens for classes.
  • October 6 – The American Library Association is founded in Philadelphia.
  • October 26 – José María Iglesias (1823-1891) begins his disputed presidency of Mexico.[8]
  • October 31 – The great 1876 Bengal cyclone strikes the coast of modern-day Bangladesh, killing 200,000.
  • November 1 – The British Colony of New Zealand dissolves its 9 provinces, and replaces them with 63 counties.
  • November 4 – The long-awaited First Symphony of Johannes Brahms has its première at Karlsruhe, under the baton of Otto Dessoff.
  • November 7
    • U.S. presidential election, 1876: After long and heated disputes, Rutherford B. Hayes is eventually declared the winner over Samuel J. Tilden.
    • A failed grave robbery of the Lincoln Tomb takes place on this same night.
  • November 10 – The Centennial Exposition ends in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  • November 23 – Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Marcy Tweed (better known as Boss Tweed) is delivered to authorities in New York City, after being captured in Spain.
  • November 25 – American Indian Wars: Dull Knife Fight – In retaliation for the dramatic American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops under General Ranald S. Mackenzie sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River (the soldiers destroy all of the villagers' winter food and clothing, and then slash their ponies' throats).
  • November 29 – Porfirio Díaz becomes President of Mexico.
  • December – The first American edition of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is published by the American Publishing Company; a British edition has appeared in early June in London with the first review appearing on June 24 in a British magazine.
  • December 2 – Chugai Economic Daily, as predecessor of Nikkei Economic Daily (Nihon Keizai Shinbun), is first issued in Tokyo, Japan.[9]
  • December 5 – The Brooklyn Theatre fire kills at least 278, possibly more than 300.
  • December 6 – The first cremation in the United States takes place, in a crematory built by Francis Julius LeMoyne at North Franklin Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania.
  • December 23 – Constantinople Conference opens.
  • December 29 – The Ashtabula River railroad disaster occurs in Ohio when a bridge collapses leaving 92 dead.

Date unknown
  • The Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–79, which will claim 30 million lives and become the 5th worst famine in recorded history, begins after the droughts of the previous year.
  • Tanzimat ends in the Ottoman Empire.
  • Heinz Tomato Ketchup is introduced.
  • Adolphus Busch's brewery, Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis, Missouri, first markets Budweiser, a pale lager, as a nationally sold beer.
  • Charles Wells opens his brewery, based in Bedford, England.
  • In Düsseldorf, German company Henkel is founded.
  • Lyford House, by Richardson Bay, Tiburon, California, is constructed.
  • Construction of Spandau Prison in Berlin is completed.
  • Samurai are banned from carrying swords in Japan, and their stipends are replaced by a one-time grant of income-bearing bonds.
  • The Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland is founded.
  • Lars Magnus Ericsson starts a small mechanical workshop April 1 in Stockholm and partners up with Carl Johan Andersson April 27, Sweden, dealing with telegraphy equipment, which grows into the worldwide company Ericsson.
  • Heinrich Schliemann begins excavation at Mycenae.
  • Stockport Lacrosse Club, thought to be the oldest existing lacrosse club in the world, is founded at Cale Green Cricket Club in Davenport (they still play there in the 21st century).
  • Star Oil Company, as predecessor of Chevron, an energy product and sales brand worldwide, founded in California, United States.

Births

January–March
Konrad Adenauer
Otto Diels
Pope Pius XII

April–June

July–September
Wilhelm Cuno
Alphaeus Philemon Cole
Mata Hari

October–December
Karl Leopold von Möller
Adolf Windaus

Date unknown
  • Petro Trad, 5th President and 14th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1947)
  • Abd Allah Siraj, Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1949)
  • Emile Berliner is credited for the invention of the microphone while working with Alexander Graham Bell.[12]

Deaths

January–June
General George Armstrong Custer
Antonio López de Santa Anna

July–December
Wild Bill Hickok

Date unknown
  • Anna Volkova, Russian chemist (b. 1800)
  • Nicolás Patiño Sosa, Venezuelan military man (b. 1825)

References
  1. "United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office".
  2. Powers, Thomas. "How the Battle of Little Bighorn Was Won". Smithsonian Magazine.
  3. Dewey, Melvil (1876). A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library. OCLC 78870163. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
  4. Patent #174,466.
  5. Macintyre, Ben (July 31, 1994). "The Disappearing Duchess". The New York Times. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  6. van Dulken, Stephen (2001). Inventing the 19th Century. London: British Library. pp. 104–5. ISBN 0-7123-0881-4.
  7. Hilmes, Oliver (2011). Cosima Wagner: The Lady of Bayreuth. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-0-300-17090-0.
  8. "JOSÉ MARÍA IGLESIAS". Calderon Presidency de la Republica (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  9. ja:日本経済新聞#沿革 (Japanese language). Retrieved 2017-10-03.
  10. "BBC - History - Konrad Adenauer". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  11. "James Gilmore". Society for American Baseball Research.
  12. "Birth of the Microphone: How Sound Became Signal". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  13. Sears, Donald A. (1978). John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-8057-7230-2.
  14. "Biografía de Antonio López de Santa Anna" (in Spanish). Mexico Desconocido. June 21, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  • Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia ...for 1876 (1885) online edition, comprehensive world coverage
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