1916
1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1916th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 916th year of the 2nd millennium, the 16th year of the 20th century, and the 7th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1916, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1916 by topic |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1916 MCMXVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2669 |
| Armenian calendar | 1365 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6666 |
| Baháʼí calendar | 72–73 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1837–1838 |
| Bengali calendar | 1323 |
| Berber calendar | 2866 |
| British Regnal year | 6 Geo. 5 – 7 Geo. 5 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2460 |
| Burmese calendar | 1278 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7424–7425 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙卯年 (Wood Rabbit) 4612 or 4552 — to — 丙辰年 (Fire Dragon) 4613 or 4553 |
| Coptic calendar | 1632–1633 |
| Discordian calendar | 3082 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1908–1909 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5676–5677 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1972–1973 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1837–1838 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5016–5017 |
| Holocene calendar | 11916 |
| Igbo calendar | 916–917 |
| Iranian calendar | 1294–1295 |
| Islamic calendar | 1334–1335 |
| Japanese calendar | Taishō 5 (大正５年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1846–1847 |
| Juche calendar | 5 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4249 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 5 民國5年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 448 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2458–2459 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴木兔年 (female Wood-Rabbit) 2042 or 1661 or 889 — to — 阳火龙年 (male Fire-Dragon) 2043 or 1662 or 890 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1916.
Events
Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix.
January
- January 1 – The British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that had been stored and cooled.
- January 9 – WWI: Gallipoli Campaign: The last British troops are evacuated from Gallipoli, as the Ottoman Empire prevails over a joint British and French operation to capture Constantinople.
- January 10 – WWI: Erzurum Offensive: Russia defeats the Ottoman Empire.
- January 12 – The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, part of the British Empire, is established in present-day Tuvalu and Kiribati.[1]
- January 13 – WWI: Battle of Wadi: Ottoman Empire forces defeat the British, during the Mesopotamian campaign in modern-day Iraq.
- January 29 – WWI: Paris is bombed by German zeppelins.
- January 31 – WWI: An attack is planned on Verdun, France.
February
- February 9 – 6.00 p.m. – Tristan Tzara "founds" the art movement Dadaism (according to Hans Arp).
- February 11
- Emma Goldman is arrested, for lecturing on birth control in the United States.
- The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra presents its first concert in the United States.
- The Romanian football club Sportul Studențesc is founded in Bucharest.
- February 12 – WWI – Battle of Salaita Hill (East African Campaign): South African and other British Empire troops fail to take a German East African defensive position.
- February 21 – WWI: The Battle of Verdun begins in France.
March
- March 8–9 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa leads about 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 12 U.S. soldiers. A garrison of the U.S. 13th Cavalry Regiment fights back and drives them away.
- March 10 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence concludes with an understanding that the United Kingdom would recognise Arab independence in return for Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, launching the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.
- March 15 – United States President Woodrow Wilson sends 12,000 United States troops over the U.S.–Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa; the 13th Cavalry regiment enters Mexican territory.
- March 16 – Mexican Revolution: The U.S. 7th and 10th Cavalry regiments under John J. Pershing cross the border, to join the hunt for Villa.
- March 22 – The temporary Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne, and the Republic of China is restored once again.
- March 24 – French ferry SS Sussex is torpedoed by SM UB-29 in the English Channel, with at least 50 killed (including the composer Enrique Granados), resulting on May 4 in the Sussex Pledge by Germany to the United States, suspending its intensified submarine warfare policy.[2]
April
Proclamation of the Irish Republic distributed during the Easter Rising
- April
- The toggle light switch is invented, by William J. Newton and Morris Goldberg.
- Korea Tungsten was founded in Daegu, as predecessor of leading steel product in Asia, POSCO (Pohang Steel Company).
- April 11 – WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the occupation of the Sinai Peninsula.
- April 20 – The Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park (modern-day Wrigley Field), defeating the Cincinnati Reds 7–6 in 11 innings.
- April 22 – The Chinese troop transport SS Hsin-Yu capsizes off the Chinese coast; at least 1,000 are killed.
- April 24–30 – The Easter Rising occurs in Ireland. Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood proclaim an Irish Republic, and the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army occupy the General Post Office and other buildings in Dublin, before surrendering to the British Army.
- April 24–May 10 – Voyage of the James Caird: An open boat journey from Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands to South Georgia in the southern Atlantic Ocean (800 nautical miles (1,500 km; 920 mi)) is undertaken by Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions, to obtain rescue for the main body of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, following the loss of its ship Endurance.
- April 27 – WWI: Gas attack at Hulluch in France: The 47th Brigade, 16th (Irish) Division is decimated, in one of the most heavily concentrated German gas attacks of the war.
- April 29 – WWI: Mesopotamian campaign – The Siege of Kut ends with the surrender of British Indian Army forces to the Ottoman Empire at Kut-al-Amara on the Tigris in Basra Vilayet.
May
- May 16
- United States Marines invade the Dominican Republic.
- Britain and France conclude the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement, which is to divide Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire, following the conclusion of WWI and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, into French and British spheres of influence.
- May 31–June 1 – WWI: Battle of Jutland, between the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet and the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet[3] in the North Sea, the war's only large-scale clash of battleships. The result is tactically inconclusive, but British dominance of the North Sea is maintained.
June
- June 4 – WWI: The Brusilov Offensive, the height of Russian operations in the war, begins with their breaking through Austro-Hungarian lines.
- June 5 – WWI: HMS Hampshire sinks, having hit a mine off the Orkney Islands, Scotland, with Lord Kitchener aboard.
- June 10: The Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, to create a single unified Arab state spanning from Aleppo to Aden, is formally declared by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.
- June 15 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America.[4]
- June 24 - Mary Pickford, becomes the first movie star to sign a million-dollar contract, making her one of the highest-paid people in the world.
July
- July 1–November 18 – WWI: Battle of the Somme, opening with explosion of the British Y Sap and Lochnagar mines and the Battle of Albert: More than one million soldiers die, with 57,470 British Empire casualties on the first day, 19,240 of them killed, the British Army's bloodiest day.[5] The immediate result is tactically inconclusive.
- July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 miles (130 km) of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.
- July 2 – WWI: Battle of Erzincan – Russian forces defeat troops of the Ottoman Empire in Armenia.
- July 15 – In Seattle, William Boeing incorporates Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).
- July 15–19 – WWI: Battle of Delville Wood – 766 men from the South African Brigade are killed, in South Africa's biggest loss during the First World War.
- July 19–20 – WWI: Battle of Fromelles – An attack by Australian and British troops is repulsed by the German army, with heavy casualties.
- July 22 – Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade, killing 10 and injuring 40; Warren Billings and Tom Mooney are later wrongly convicted of it.
- July 26 – WWI: East African Campaign – The German armed ship SMS Graf von Goetzen scuttles herself on Lake Tanganyika.
- July 29 – Matheson Fire: In Ontario, Canada, a lightning strike ignites a forest fire that destroys the towns of Cochrane and Matheson, killing 233.
- July 30 – German agents cause the Black Tom explosion in Jersey City, New Jersey, an act of sabotage destroying an ammunition depot and killing at least 7 people.
August
- August – Robert Baden-Powell publishes The Wolf Cub's Handbook in the U.K., establishing the basis of the junior section of the Scouting movement, the Wolf Cubs (modern-day Cub Scouts).
- August 3–5 – WWI: Sinai and Palestine Campaign – Battle of Romani: British Imperial troops secure victory over a joint Ottoman-German force.
- August 7 – WWI:
- Portugal joins the Allies.
- French and British forces make an unopposed entry into German-controlled Togoland; on December 27 the country is partitioned between the two allies.
- August 9 – Lassen Volcanic National Park is established in California.
- August 15 – Club Atlas is founded as an association football club in Guadalajara, Mexico, by English-educated players.
- August 16 – The Migratory Bird Treaty between Canada and the United States is signed.
- August 17 (August 4 O.S.) – WWI: The Treaty of Bucharest is signed secretly between Romania and the Entente Powers, stipulating the conditions under which Romania agrees to join the war on their side, particularly territorial promises in Austria-Hungary.
- August 21 – WWI: Peru declares neutrality.
- August 25 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs legislation, creating the National Park Service.
- August 27 – WWI: The Kingdom of Romania declares war on the Central Powers, entering the war on the side of the Allies.
- August 28 – WWI:
- Germany declares war on Romania.
- Italy declares war on Germany.
- August 29 – The United States passes the Philippine Autonomy Act.
- August 30 – The crew of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition's Endurance is rescued from Elephant Island.
September
Troops from New Zealand during WWI.
- September 1 – Bulgaria declares war on Romania, going on to take Dobruja.
- September 2 – WWI: British pilot Leefe Robinson becomes the first to shoot down a German airship over Britain.
- September 4 – WWI: East African Campaign – Dar es Salaam surrenders to British Empire forces, securing them control of the Central Line of railway through German East Africa.
- September 5 – D. W. Griffith's film Intolerance: Love's Struggle Through the Ages is released in the United States.
- September 6 – The first true self-service grocery store, Piggly Wiggly, is founded in Memphis, Tennessee, by Clarence Saunders, opening 5 days later.[6]
- September 11 – A mechanical failure causes the central span of the Quebec Bridge, a cantilever-type structure, to crash into the Saint Lawrence River for the second time, killing 13 workers.
- September 13 – Mary, a circus elephant, is hanged in the town of Erwin, Tennessee for killing her handler, Walter "Red" Eldridge.
- September 15–22 – WWI – Battle of Flers–Courcelette, France: The battle is significant for the first use of the tank in warfare; also for the debut of the Canadian and New Zealand Divisions in the Battle of the Somme.
- September 19 – WWI: East African Campaign – Belgian troops occupy Tabora in German East Africa.
- September 27 – Iyasu V of Ethiopia is deposed in a palace coup, in favour of his aunt Zewditu.
- September 29 – John D. Rockefeller becomes the first person ever to reach a nominal personal fortune of US$1 billion
October
- October 7 – the Georgia Tech and Cumberland College football game ends in a score of 222-0.
- October 12 – Hipólito Yrigoyen is elected President of Argentina.
- October 14 – Perm State University is founded in Russia.
- October 16 – Margaret Sanger opens the first U.S. birth control clinic, a forerunner of Planned Parenthood.
- October 20 – Black Friday (1916): A violent and deadly storm hits Lake Erie in the United States.
- October 21 – Friedrich Adler shoots Count Karl von Stürgkh, Minister-President of Austria.
- October 27 – Battle of Segale: Negus Mikael of Wollo, marching on the Ethiopian capital in support of his son Emperor Iyasu V, is defeated by Fitawrari Habte Giyorgis, securing the throne for Empress Zewditu.
- October 28 – 1916 Pioneer Exhibition Game: game of Australian rules football contested at Queen's Club, West Kensington, London, by two teams of elite footballers selected from men serving in the First AIF at the time.
November
Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) marching to the trenches, November 1916
- November 1
- Pavel Milyukov delivers his "stupidity or treason" speech in the Russian State Duma, precipitating the downfall of the Boris Stürmer government.
- The first 40-hour work week officially begins, in the Endicott-Johnson factories of Western New York.
- November 5
- The Kingdom of Poland (1916–18) is proclaimed by a joint act of the emperors of Germany and Austria.
- Everett massacre: An armed confrontation in Everett, Washington, between local authorities and members of the Industrial Workers of the World results in seven deaths.
- Honan Chapel, Cork, Ireland, a product of the Irish Arts and Crafts movement (1894–1925), is dedicated.
- November 7
- U.S. presidential election, 1916: Democratic President Woodrow Wilson narrowly defeats Republican Charles E. Hughes, when California is called a week after Election Day.
- Republican Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first woman elected to the United States House of Representatives.
- Radio station 2XG, located in the Highbridge section of New York City, makes the first audio broadcast of presidential election returns.
- November 13 – Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party, over his support for conscription.
- November 18 – WWI – Battle of the Somme: In France, British Expeditionary Force commander Douglas Haig calls off the battle, which started on July 1.
- November 21
- Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria dies of pneumonia at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, aged 86, after a reign of 68 years and is succeeded by his grandnephew Charles I.
- WWI: Hospital ship HMHS Britannic, designed as the third Olympic-class ocean liner for White Star Line, sinks in the Kea Channel of the Aegean Sea after hitting a mine; 30 lives are lost. At 48,158 gross register tons, she is the largest ship lost during the war.
- November 23 – WWI: Eastern Front – Bucharest, the capital of Romania, is occupied by troops of the Central Powers.
December
- December 12 – "White Friday": In the Dolomites, 100 avalanches bury 18,000 Austrian and Italian soldiers.
- December 16 – Robert Baden-Powell gives the first public display of the new Wolf Cub section of Scouting at Caxton Hall, Westminster.
- December 18 – WWI: The Battle of Verdun ends in France with German troops defeated.
- December 21 – WWI: El Arish occupied by the British Empire Desert Column during advance across the Sinai Peninsula.
- December 22 – The British Sopwith Camel aircraft makes its maiden flight. It is designed to counter the German Fokker aircraft.
- December 23 – WWI: The Desert Column captures the Ottoman garrison during the Battle of Magdhaba.
- December 30
- Humberto Gómez and his mercenaries seize Arauca in Colombia and declare the Republic of Arauca. He proceeds to pillage the region before fleeing to Venezuela.
- (December 17 Old Style) – The mystic Grigori Rasputin is murdered in Saint Petersburg.
- December 31 – The Hampton Terrace Hotel in North Augusta, South Carolina, one of the largest and most luxurious hotels in the United States at the time, burns to the ground.
Date unknown
- The 1916 Summer Olympics are cancelled in Berlin, Germany.
- Food is rationed in Germany.
- Ferdinand de Saussure's Cours de linguistique générale is collected posthumously and published.
- Oxycodone, a narcotic painkiller closely related to codeine, is first synthesized in Germany.
- Ernst Rüdin publishes his initial results on the genetics of schizophrenia.
- Louis Enricht claims he has a substitute for gasoline.
- Rodeo's first side-delivery bucking chute is designed and made by the Bascom brothers (Raymond, Mel, and Earl) and their father, John W. Bascom, at Welling, Alberta, Canada.
- Gustav Holst composes The Planets, Opus 32.
- Bray Studios begins the Farmer Al Falfa series, the first of the Terrytoons.
- The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is founded in the United States as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers.
- Ishikawajima Automobile Manufacturing, as predecessor of Isuzu, a truck brand in Japan, was founded.
Sport
- March 30 - National Hockey Association's Montreal Canadiens win their First Stanley Cup by defeating the Pacific Coast Hockey Association's Portland Rosebuds 3 games to 2. All Games were played at Montreal's Montreal Arena.
- Due to the outbreak of World War I, the 1916 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, is cancelled.
In fiction
- In the 1941 film Citizen Kane, Charles Foster Kane runs for New York governor and loses. Also in 1916, Emily Monroe Norton divorces him and, in either this year or in 1917, he marries Susan Alexander.
Births
January
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Princess Niloufer
Rafael Caldera
- January 1
- January 2 – Joseph W. Schmitt, American aircraft mechanic and spacesuit technician (d. 2017)
- January 3
- January 4
- January 5
- January 7
- Elena Ceaușescu, Romanian politician, First Lady of Romania and Deputy Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1989)
- Paul Keres, Estonian chess player (d. 1975)
- January 9 – Peter Twinn, English mathematician and WWII code-breaker (d. 2004)
- January 10
- Sune Bergström, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
- Bernard Binlin Dadié, Ivorian novelist, playwright, poet, and Minister of Culture (d. 2019)
- Richard Münch, German actor (d. 1987)
- January 12
- Ruth R. Benerito, American chemist (d. 2013)
- P. W. Botha, 9th President of South Africa (d. 2006)
- Mary Wilson, Lady Wilson of Rievaulx, English poet (d. 2018)
- January 15 – Hugh Gibb, English drummer and bandleader (d. 1992)
- January 17
- January 18 – Silviu Brucan, Romanian author and politician (d. 2006)
- January 19 – Harry Huskey, American computer designer (d. 2017)
- January 22 – Henri Dutilleux, French composer (d. 2013)
- January 23 – David Douglas Duncan, American photojournalist (d. 2018)
- January 24
- January 27 – Stjepan Filipović, a People's Hero of Yugoslavia (d. 1942)
- January 28 – Dottie Hunter, Canadian baseball player (d. 2005)
- January 31 – Sangoulé Lamizana, 2nd President and Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (d. 2005)
February
- February 10 – Louis Guttman, American-born Israeli university professor (d. 1987)
- February 11 – Ivan Hristov Bashev, Bulgarian Foreign Minister (d. 1971)
- February 12 – Damián Iguacén Borau, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2020)
- February 13 – John Reed, British actor and opera singer (d. 2010)
- February 14
- February 15
- February 16 – Karel Dufek, Czechoslovak diplomat (d. 2009)
- February 18 – Maria Altmann, Austrian Holocaust survivor and heiress (d. 2011)
- February 20 – Jean Erdman, American dancer (d. 2020)
- February 23 – Retta Scott, first woman to receive screen credit as an animator at the Walt Disney Animation Studios (d. 1990)
- February 26
- Jackie Gleason, American comedian, actor and musician (d. 1987)
- Preacher Roe, American baseball player (d. 2008)
- February 28
March
- March 1 – Emelyn Whiton, American Olympic sailor (d. 1962)
- March 2 – George E. Bria, Italian-American journalist (d. 2017)
- March 3 – Paul Halmos, Hungarian-born mathematician (d. 2006)
- March 4
- William Alland, American actor, producer, writer and director (d. 1997)
- Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer (d. 2000)
- Hans Eysenck, German-born psychologist (d. 1997)
- March 5 – Jack Hamm, American cartoonist (d. 1996)
- March 6 – Rochelle Hudson, American actress (d. 1972)
- March 7 – Marie-Thérèse Bourquin, Belgian lawyer (d. 2018)
- March 10 – Ethel Bush, British police officer (d. 2016)
- March 11 – Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
- March 13
- March 14 – Horton Foote, American writer (d. 2009)
- March 15
- March 16
- March 17
- March 19 – Irving Wallace, American novelist (d. 1990)
- March 20 – Pierre Messmer, French politician (d. 2007)
- March 24
- March 26
- Christian B. Anfinsen, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
- Dai Zijin, Chinese aviator (d. 2017)
- Harry Rabinowitz, British film composer and conductor (d. 2016)
- March 29
- Sam Beazley, British actor (d. 2017)
- Peter Geach, British philosopher (d. 2013)
- Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, 6th President of Bangladesh (d. 1997)
- Eugene McCarthy, U.S. Senator from Minnesota and Presidential candidate (d. 2005)
- March 31 – Lucille Bliss, American voice actor (d. 2012)
April
Ferruccio Lamborghini
- April 1
- April 2 – Menachem Porush, member of Israeli Knesset for Agudat Yisrael (d. 2010)
- April 3
- April 4
- April 5
- Albert Henry Ottenweller, American bishop (d. 2012)
- Gregory Peck, American actor (d. 2003)
- Carmen Silva, Brazilian actress (d. 2008)
- April 10 – Lee Jung-seob, Korean oil painter (d. 1956)
- April 11
- April 12
- April 14 – Pehr Victor Edman, Swedish chemist (d.1977)
- April 15
- April 16 – Hon Sui Sen, Malaysian-Singaporean politician (d. 1983)
- April 17
- Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan politician (d. 2000)
- A. Thiagarajah, Sri Lankan Tamil teacher and politician (d. 1981)
- Win Maung, 3rd President of Myanmar (d. 1989)
- April 18
- April 19
- April 21
- Walter Berg, German footballer (d. 1949)
- April 22
- Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (d. 1999)
- Yvette Lundy, French resistance fighter (d. 2019)
- April 24
- April 25 – R. J. Rushdoony, American founder of Christian Reconstructionism (d. 2001)
- April 26
- Dorothy Salisbury Davis, American writer (d. 2014)
- Vic Perrin, American voice actor (d. 1989)
- Paulette Coquatrix, French costume designer (d. 2018)
- Ken Wallis, British aviator, engineer, and inventor (d. 2013)
- Werner Bischof, Swiss photographer and photojournalist (d. 1954)
- George Tuska, American comic strip artist (d. 2009)
- April 27 – Enos Slaughter, American baseball player (d. 2002)
- April 28 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (d. 1993)
- April 29 – Ramón Amaya Amador, Honduran author (d. 1966)
- April 30
- Claude Elwood Shannon, American information theorist (d. 2001)
- Robert Shaw, American conductor (d. 1999)
May
- May 1 – Glenn Ford, Canadian actor (d. 2006)
- May 4 – Jane Jacobs, née Butzner, American-born urban activist (d. 2006)
- May 5 – Zail Singh, Indian politician and 7th President of India (d. 1994)
- May 6
- May 8
- May 10 – Milton Babbitt, American composer (d. 2011)
- May 11 – Camilo José Cela, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
- May 14 – Sammy Luftspring, Canadian boxer (d. 2000)
- Del Moore, American actor, comedian and radio announcer (d. 1970)
- May 15
- May 16
- Adriana Caselotti, American Actress, Voice Actress and Singer (d. 1997)
- Ephraim Katzir, 4th President of Israel (d. 2009)
- Carlos Aldunate Lyon, Colombian lawyer, educator and activist (d. 2018)
- May 17
- May 18 – Miriam Goldberg, American newspaper publisher (d. 2017)
- May 20
- May 21
- Louis Crump, American politician (d. 2019)
- Dennis Day, American singer and actor (d. 1988)
- Leonard Manasseh, British architect (d. 2017)
- Lydia Mendoza, American musician (d. 2007)
- Tinus Osendarp, Dutch runner (d. 2002)
- Harold Robbins, American novelist (d. 1997)
- Tan Siew Sin, Malaysian minister of Commerce and Industry (d. 1988)
- May 26
- May 31
- Bert Haanstra, Dutch filmmaker (d. 1997)
- Bernard Lewis, British-American historian (d. 2018)
June
- June 3 – Jack Manning, American film, stage and television actor (d. 2009)
- June 4 – Robert F. Furchgott, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009)
- June 5 – Eddie Joost, baseball player and manager (d. 2011)
- June 6 – Hamani Diori, 1st President of Niger (d. 1989)
- June 8 – Francis Crick, English molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
- June 9
- Jurij Brězan, Sorbian writer (d. 2006)
- Robert McNamara, 8th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 2009)
- June 11 – Bob Berry, New Zealand dendrologist (d. 2018)
- June 12 – Raúl Héctor Castro, American politician (d. 2015)
- June 13 – Ronald Atkins, Welsh politician (d. 2020)
- June 14 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (d. 2001)
- June 15
- Olga Erteszek, American undergarment designer and lingerie company owner (d. 1989)
- Horacio Salgán, Argentine tango musician (d. 2016)
- Herbert A. Simon, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
- June 16 – Phil Chambers, American actor (d. 1993)
- June 17 – Einar Englund, Finnish composer (d. 1999)
- June 18
- June 21
- June 22
- June 23
- June 24
- June 25 – Thomas Reddin, American police (d. 2004)
- June 26
- June 27
- Max Müller, Swiss cross-country skier (d. unknown)
- Ivy Cooke, Jamaican educator (d. 2017)
- June 28
- June 29 – Ruth Warrick, American actress (d. 2005)
July
Dame Olivia de Havilland
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Sir Edward Heath
- July 1
- Olivia de Havilland, Japanese-born British-American film actress (d. 2020)
- Lawrence Halprin, American architect (d. 2009)
- Thomas Hamilton-Brown, South African boxer
- July 2
- July 3 – John Kundla, American basketball coach (d. 2017)
- July 4
- July 5
- July 6
- July 7 – Werner G. Scharff, American arts patron and fashion designer (d. 2006)
- July 8
- July 9 – Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
- July 10 – Nicholas D'Antonio Salza, American bishop (d. 2009)
- July 11
- Mortimer Caplin, American lawyer and educator (d. 2019)
- Hans Maier, Dutch water polo player (d. 2018)
- Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov, Russian physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
- Reg Varney, British actor (d. 2008)
- Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014)
- July 14
- July 15
- July 16
- July 17
- Henning Brandis, German physician and microbiologist (d. 2004)
- July 18
- July 19 – Phil Cavarretta, baseball player (d. 2010)
- July 20
- July 21
- Douglas Freeman, English cricketer (d. 2013)
- Sergeant Stubby, World War I American hero war dog (d. 1926)
- July 22
- July 23 – Sandra Gould, American actress (d. 1999)
- July 25 – Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
- July 27
- July 28 – David Brown, American producer (d. 2010)
- July 29 – Rupert Hamer, Australian politician and Premier of Victoria (d. 2004)
- July 30 – Dick Wilson, American actor (d. 2007)
- July 31
August
- August 1
- August 2 – Zein Al-Sharaf Talal, Queen of Jordan (d. 1994)
- August 3 – Hertha Feiler, Austrian actress (d. 1970)
- August 5 – Kermit Love, American puppeteer (d. 2008)
- August 6 – Dom Mintoff, 8th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 2012)
- August 7
- August 8 – Shigeo Arai, Japanese freestyle swimmer (d. 1944)
- August 9 – Manea Mănescu, 50th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2009)
- August 10 – Lorna McDonald, Australian historian and author (d. 2017)
- August 11
- August 12 – Ralph Nelson, American film and television director, producer, writer, and actor (d. 1987)
- August 13 – Sybren Valkema, Dutch glass artist and teacher, and founder of the European Studio Glass Movement, also known as VRIJ GLAS. (d. 1996)
- August 14
- August 16
- August 18 – Neagu Djuvara, Romanian historian, essayist, and diplomat (d. 2018)
- August 19 – Dennis Poore, British entrepreneur, financier and racing driver (d. 1987)
- August 20
- August 21
- August 22
- August 24
- August 25
- Van Johnson, American actor (d. 2008)
- Frederick Chapman Robbins, American pediatrician and virologist (d. 2003)
- Saburō Sakai, Japanese fighter ace (d. 2000)
- August 27
- August 28
- C. Wright Mills, American sociologist (d. 1962)
- Jack Vance, American writer (d. 2013)
- August 29 – Luther Davis, American screenwriter (d. 2008)
- August 30
- August 31
September
Peter Finch
- September 1
- September 3 – Tommy J. Smith, Australian trainer (d. 1998)
- September 5
- September 7 – Shen Panwen, Chinese chemist (d. 2017)
- September 12
- September 13 – Roald Dahl, Welsh-born author (d. 1990)[9]
- September 14
- September 15
- September 16 – Frank Leslie Walcott, Barbadian labour leader (d. 1999)
- September 17 – Mary Stewart, born Mary Rainbow, English-born fantasy and mystery writer (d. 2014)
- September 18 – John Jacob Rhodes, American politician and lawyer (d. 2003)
- September 21 – Zinovy Gerdt, Russian actor (d. 1996)
- September 23 – Aldo Moro, 38th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1978)
- September 24 – Ruth Leach Amonette, American businesswoman (d. 2004)
- September 27
- September 28 – Peter Finch, English-born Australian actor (d. 1977)
October
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- October 2 – Jim L. Gillis Jr., American politician (d. 2018)
- October 3
- October 4 – Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2009)
- October 7 – Sir Hereward Wake, 14th Baronet, British army officer (d. 2017)
- October 9 – Robert Brubaker, American actor (d. 2010)
- October 10
- Bernard Heuvelmans, Belgian-French cryptozoologist (d. 2001)
- Sumiko Mizukubo, Japanese actress
- October 11 – Maurice Gaffney, Irish barrister (d. 2016)
- October 12 – Alice Childress, American actress, playwright, and novelist (d. 1994)
- October 14 – C. Everett Koop, United States Surgeon General (d. 2013)
- October 15 – Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (d. 2006)
- October 19
- Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009)
- Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)
- October 21 – Eddie Carnett, American baseball player (d. 2016)
- October 25 – Thérèse Kleindienst, French librarian (d. 2018)
- October 26 – François Mitterrand, President of France (d. 1996)
- October 30 – Leon Day, American baseball player (d. 1995)
- October 31
November
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Evelyn Keyes
Ramón José Velásquez
- November 4 – Walter Cronkite, American television journalist (d. 2009)
- November 5 – Jim Tabor, American baseball player (d. 1953)
- November 6 – Harry Blamires, British Anglican theologian, literary critic and novelist (d. 2017)
- November 8 – Lady Ursula d'Abo, English socialite (d. 2017)
- November 10 – Louis le Brocquy, Irish painter (d. 2012)
- November 11 – Robert Carr, English politician (d. 2012)
- November 12 – Rogelio de la Rosa, Filipino actor and politician (d. 1986)
- November 14 – Sherwood Schwartz, American television writer and producer (d. 2011)
- November 15 – Bill Melendez, American animator (d. 2008)
- November 16 – Daws Butler, American voice actor (d. 1988)
- November 17 – Shelby Foote, American historian and novelist, author of The Civil War: A Narrative (d. 2005)
- November 20
- November 23
- November 24
- November 25 – Cosmo Haskard, Irish-born former British colonial administrator and retired British Army officer (d. 2017)
- November 26 – Gerhard Unger, German tenor (d. 2011)
- November 27 – Chick Hearn, American basketball announcer (d. 2002)
- November 28
- Lilian, Princess of Réthy, born Mary Lilian Baels, English-born Belgian queen consort of Leopold III (d. 2002)
- Ramón José Velásquez, 44th President of Venezuela (d. 2014)
- November 29
- Fran Ryan, American actress (d. 2000)
- Helen Clare, British singer (d. 2018)
- November 30 – John C. Harkness, American architect (d. 2016)
December
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Kristján Eldjárn
- December 1 – Wan Li, Chinese government official (d. 2015)
- December 5 – Hilary Koprowski, Polish virologist and immunologist (d. 2013)
- December 6
- December 7
- December 8
- December 9
- Jerome Beatty, Jr., American author of children's literature (d. 2002)
- Kirk Douglas, American film actor (d. 2020)
- Esther Wilkins, American dentist (d. 2016)
- December 11 – Dámaso Pérez Prado, Cuban musician (d. 1989)
- December 12 – Maharaj Charan Singh, Fourth Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (d. 1990)
- December 12 – Anne Vermeer, Dutch politician (d. 2018)
- December 14 – Shirley Jackson, American writer (d. 1965)
- December 15 – Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
- December 16 – Birgitta Valberg, Swedish actress (d. 2014)
- December 18
- Douglas Fraser, Scottish-born union leader (d. 2008)
- Betty Grable, American actress (d. 1973)
- Franciszek Kornicki, Polish fighter pilot (d. 2017)
- December 19
- December 20 – Morrie Schwartz, American professor (d. 1995)
- December 21 – Arsène Tchakarian, Armenian-French resistance fighter (d. 2018)
- December 24
- Ron G. Mason, English oceanographer (d. 2009)
- Cecília Schelingová, Czechoslovakian Roman Catholic religious professed, martyr and blessed (d. 1955)
- December 25
- December 27 – Cathy Lewis, American actress (d. 1968)
Date unknown
- Saad Jumaa, 17th Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1979)
Deaths
January
Patriarch Cyril VIII Geha
Blessed Juana María Condesa Lluch
Lorenzo Latorre
- January 1
- January 2
- Joseph Rucker Lamar, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1857)
- Félix Sardà y Salvany, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and writer (b. 1844)
- January 5 – Ulpiano Checa, Spanish painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1860)
- January 7 – Andrés Baquero, Spanish teacher and writer (b. 1853)
- January 8
- January 9 – Ada Rehan, Irish-born American Shakespearean actress (b. 1859)
- January 10 – Guido Baccelli, Italian physician (b. 1830)
- January 11
- January 12
- Léon Autonne, French engineer and mathematician (b. 1859)
- Georgios Theotokis, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1844)
- January 13
- George Bengescu-Dabija, Wallachian-born Romanian poet, playwright, and general (b. 1844)
- Vasile Hossu, Romanian Orthodox priest and bishop (b. 1866)
- Victoriano Huerta, Mexican general and statesman, 35th President of Mexico (b. 1850)[10]
- January 14 – Otto Ammon, German anthropologist (b. 1842)
- January 15 – Vojtech Alexander, Slovakian radiologist (b. 1857)
- January 16
- Arnold Aletrino, Dutch physician (b. 1858)
- William Montrose Graham Jr., American general (b. 1834)
- Juana María Condesa Lluch, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1862)
- January 17 – Arthur V. Johnson, American actor and director (b. 1876)
- January 18 – Lorenzo Latorre, Uruguayan officer and politician, 11th President of Uruguay (b. 1844)
- January 19
- January 20 – Ephraim Francis Baldwin, American architect (b. 1837)
- January 30 – Sir Clements Markham, British explorer and geographer (b. 1830)
February
Metropolitan Ioan Mețianu
Blessed Ludwika Szczęsna
- February 3 – Metropolitan Ioan Mețianu, Romanian cleric (b. 1828)
- February 6
- Rubén Darío, Nicaraguan writer (b. 1867)
- Isala Van Diest, Belgian physician (b. 1842)
- February 7
- Franklin E. Brooks, U.S. House of Representatives from Colorado (b. 1847)
- Ludwika Szczęsna, Polish Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1863)
- February 9 – Anton Yegorovich von Saltza, Russian general (b. 1843)
- February 12 – Richard Dedekind, German mathematician (b. 1831)
- February 13
- February 18 – Hans Schmidt, German Roman Catholic priest (executed) (b. 1881)
- February 19 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher (b. 1838)
- February 20 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1844)
- February 21 – Karl Begas, German sculptor (b. 1845)
- February 23
- February 25 – David Bowman, Australian politician (b. 1860)
- February 26 – Tomasa Ortiz Real, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1842)
- February 27 – Ugo Balzani, Italian historian (b. 1847)
- February 28 – Henry James, American writer (b. 1843)
March
Herman Gesellius
- March 2 – Elisabeth of Wied, Queen consort of Romania (b. 1843)
- March 4
- Franz Marc, German Expressionist painter (killed in action) (b. 1880)
- William Sooy Smith, American Union general and engineer (b. 1830)
- March 7 – Fred Donovan, American baseball player (b. 1844)
- March 9 - Arnold Spencer-Smith, British explorer, clergyman, and amateur photographer (b. 1883)
- March 11
- March 12 – William M. O. Dawson, 12th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1853)
- March 15 – John Beveridge, Australian businessman, Mayor of Redfern (b. 1848)
- March 16 – Thomas King, New Zealander astronomer (b. 1858)
- March 19
- John J. Davis, American politician, U.S. Representatives from West Virginia (b. 1835)
- Girolamo Maria Gotti, Italian Discalced Carmelite friar and Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1834)
- Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (b. 1848)
- March 20 – Ota Benga, Congolese pygmy brought to America as part of an exhibition at the Bronx zoo (b. 1883)
- March 24
- March 25 – Ishi, last known member of the Yana people (b. 1860)
- March 28 – Paul von Plehwe, Russian general (b. 1850)
- March 30 – Nakamuta Kuranosuke, Japanese admiral (b. 1837)
April
Prince Leopold Clement of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- April 4
- April 7 – Shigeyoshi Matsuo, Japanese businessman (b. 1843)
- April 11 – Richard Harding Davis, American journalist and author (b. 1864)
- April 14 – Gina Krog, Norwegian suffragist, activist and editor (b. 1847)
- April 16 – Alexander Meyrick Broadley, British barrister (b. 1846)
- April 19 – Ephraim Shay, American inventor (b. 1839)
- April 21
- Ubaldo Pacchierotti, Italian composer (b. 1876)
- John Surratt, suspected of involvement in the Abraham Lincoln assassination, son of Mary Surratt (b. 1844)
- April 27 – Prince Leopold Clement of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1878)
- April 28 – Edward Felix Baxter, English recipient of the Victorian Cross (b. 1885)
May
Karl Schwarzschild
Vladimír Jindřich Bufka
- May 1 – Lydia Zvereva, first Russian woman to earn a pilot's license (b. 1890)
- May 2 – Jules Blanchard, French sculptor (b. 1832)
- May 3
- Patrick Pearse, Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer, political activist, and nationalist (executed) (b. 1879)
- Thomas MacDonagh, Irish poet, playwright, educationalist and revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1878)
- Tom Clarke, Irish republican, leader of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (executed) (b. 1858)
- May 4
- Lord John Hay, British admiral and politician (b. 1827)
- Joseph Plunkett, Irish nationalist, republican, poet, journalist, revolutionary (executed) (b. 1887)
- Hector Sévin, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1852)
- May 6 – Hans Chiari, Austrian pathologist (b. 1851)
- May 8
- May 11
- May 12
- James Connolly, Irish socialist and political activist (executed) (b. 1868)
- Seán Mac Diarmada, Irish republican (executed) (b. 1883)
- May 13
- Sholem Aleichem, Ukrainian Yiddish writer (b. 1859)
- Ján Bahýľ, Slovak engineer and inventor (b. 1856)
- Margaret Benson, English author (b. 1865)
- Émile Petitot, French Roman Catholic missionary (b. 1838)
- May 18 - Chen Qiemi, Chinese politician (b. 1878)
- May 19 – Georges Boillot, French Grand Prix driver (killed in action) (b. 1884)
- May 21 – Artúr Görgei, Hungarian military general and politician (b. 1818)
- May 23 – Vladimír Jindřich Bufka, Czechoslovak photographer (b. 1887)
- May 27 – Joseph Gallieni, French general (b. 1849)
- May 28 – Ivan Franko, Ukrainian writer and political activist (b. 1856)
- May 31 – Sir Horace Hood, British admiral (killed in action) (b. 1870)
June
Alberto Elmore Fernández de Córdoba
- June 2 – Paul von Bruns, German surgeon (b. 1846)
- June 5 – Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal and statesman (drowned) (b. 1850)
- June 6 – Yuan Shikai, Chinese military official and politician, Emperor of China and 1st President of the Republic of China (b. 1859)
- June 7
- June 9 – Richard C. Saufley, American naval aviation pioneer (b. 1884)
- June 12 – Silvanus P. Thompson, English professor of physics, electrical engineer, member of the Royal Society and author (b. 1851)
- June 17 – Edwin Monroe Bacon, English writer (b. 1844)
- June 18
- June 22 – Tanaka Yoshio, Japanese naturalist (b. 1838)
- June 24 – Victor Chapman, French-born American fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1890)
- June 25 – Thomas Eakins, American realist painter (b. 1844)
- June 30
July
Servant of God Jeremiah Lomnytskyj
.jpg.webp)
Cesare Battisti
- July 1 – First Day on the Somme (killed in action)
- July 2 – Mikhail Pomortsev, Russian meteorologist (b. 1851)
- July 3
- July 6 – Odilon Redon, French painter (b. 1840)
- July 7 – Margarethe Hormuth-Kallmorgen, German painter (b. 1835)
- July 12 – Cesare Battisti, Italian patriot, geographer and politician (b. 1875)
- July 15 – Élie Metchnikoff, Russian microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1845)
- July 16
- July 20 – Reinhard Sorge, German dramatist and poet (killed in action) (b. 1892)
- July 22 – James Whitcomb Riley, American poet (b. 1849)
- July 23 – Sir William Ramsay, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- July 26
- Gustave Maria Blanche, French Roman Catholic priest and bishop (b. 1849)
- Johannes Ranke, German physiologist (b. 1836)
- July 27
- July 29 – Claude Castleton, Australian VC recipient (killed in action) (b. 1893)
August
Pierre de Ségur
Umberto Boccioni
- August 3 – Roger Casement, Irish nationalist (executed) (b. 1864)
- August 5 – George Butterworth, English composer (b. 1885)
- August 7 – Kittredge Haskins, American lawyer and politician, U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont (b. 1836)
- August 8
- August 9 – Guido Gozzano, Italian poet and writer (b. 1883)
- August 10 – S. Isadore Miner, American columnist writing as "Pauline Periwinkle" (b. 1863)
- August 13 – Pierre de Ségur, French historian (b. 1853)
- August 17 – Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1882)
- August 18 – Marcel Brindejonc des Moulinais, French aviator (b. 1892)
- August 30 – Alexander Boarman, American judge, U.S. House of Representatives of Louisiana (b. 1839)
- August 31
September
Gennady Ladyzhensky
Gerald Arbuthnot
- September 2
- September 4 – José Echegaray, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1832)
- September 7 – Annie Le Porte Diggs, Canadian-born American activist and librarian (b. 1853)
- September 8
- September 12 – Zygmunt Balicki, Polish sociologist (b. 1858)
- September 14 – Pierre Duhem, French physicist (b. 1861)
- September 15
- September 17 – Seth Low, American politician and educator, Mayor of New York City (b. 1850)
- September 25 – Gerald Arbuthnot, British soldier and politician (b. 1872)
- September 29 – Albert John Cook, American entomologist and zoologist (b. 1842)
October
Blessed Isidore De Loor
King Otto of Bavaria
- October 3
- James Burgess, British archaeologist (b. 1832)
- Dmytro Yaremko, Ukrainian Eastern Catholic hierarch and bishop (b. 1879)
- October 6 – Isidore De Loor, Belgian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1881)
- October 10 – Antonio Sant'Elia, Italian architect (killed in action) (b. 1888)
- October 11 – King Otto of Bavaria (b. 1848)
- October 12 – Tony Jannus, American aviator and aircraft designer (b. 1889)
- October 18 – Ignacio Pinazo Camarlench, Spanish painter (b. 1849)
- October 21
- October 25 – Gérard Encausse, Papus, French occultist (b. 1865)
- October 28
- October 29 – John Sebastian Little, American politician and congressman (b. 1851)
- October 31
- Tina Blau, Austrian painter (b. 1845)
- Charles Taze Russell, Protestant evangelist, forerunner of Jehovah's Witnesses (b. 1852)
- Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and politician, and the first commander-in-chief of the Republic of China (b. 1874)
November
Prince Mircea of Romania
Prince Heinrich of Bavaria
Francisco da Veiga Beirão
Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
- November 1 – Franz, Prince of Thun and Hohenstein, Austrian noble and statesman, Prime Minister (b. 1847)
- November 2 – Prince Mircea of Romania (b. 1913)
- November 3 – August Lindberg, Swedish actor, director and manager (b. 1846)
- November 4
- November 5 – Francesco Salesio Della Volpe, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1844)
- November 6 – Sultan Ali Dinar (b. 1856)
- November 8 – Prince Heinrich of Bavaria (b. 1884)
- November 9
- November 10 – Walter Sutton, American geneticist and physician (b. 1877)
- November 11
- November 12 – Percival Lowell, American astronomer (b. 1855)
- November 14
- November 15 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1846)[11]
- November 21 –
- Chester Adgate Congdon, American mining magnate (b. 1853)
- Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (b. 1830)
- November 22 – Jack London, American author (b. 1876)
- November 23 – Lanoe Hawker VC, British World War I fighter ace, killed in action by Manfred von Richthofen (b. 1890)
- November 24
- November 27 – Émile Verhaeren, Belgian poet (b. 1855)
- November 28 – Martinus Theunis Steyn, Boer lawyer, politician, and statesman, sixth and last President of the Orange Free State (1896-1902) (b. 1857)
- November 30 – Demetrio Alonso Castrillo, Spanish politician (b. 1841)
December
Blessed Charles de Foucauld
Blessed Giulia Valle
Blessed Honorat da Biała
King Thibaw Min
Saint Albert Chmielowski
- December 1 – Charles de Foucauld, French Roman Catholic religious professed, priest and blessed (b. 1858)
- December 2
- December 4 – Paul Allard, French archaeologist and historian (b. 1841)
- December 5
- December 6 – Signe Hornborg, Finnish architect (b. 1856)
- December 8 – John Porter Merrell, American admiral (b. 1846)
- December 9
- Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, French economist (b. 1843)
- Natsume Sōseki, Japanese writer (b. 1867)
- Clara Ward, Princesse de Caraman-Chimay (b. 1873)
- December 10 – Ōyama Iwao, Japanese field marshal and a founder of the Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1842)
- December 11
- Valentín Díaz, Filipino patriot, during the Philippine Revolution (b. 1845)
- Zoilo H. Garcia, Dominican engineer and aviator (b. 1881)
- December 12 – Edwin Atlee Barber, American archaeologist (b. 1851)
- December 14 – Nicolai Soloviev, Russian composer (b. 1846)
- December 15 – José Maria de Alpoim, Portuguese journalist (b. 1857)
- December 16
- Friedrich Ernst Dorn, German physicist (b. 1848)
- Honorat da Biała, Polish Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1829)
- Hugo Münsterberg, German-born American psychologist (b. 1856)
- Ognjeslav Stepanović, Serbian inventor (b. 1851)
- December 18
- George W. Cook, U.S. Representative from Colorado (b. 1851)
- Giulia Valle, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1847)
- December 19
- December 22 – George A. Woodward, American general (b. 1835)
- December 25
- Albert Chmielowski, Polish Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (b. 1845)
- John Dunne, Australian Roman Catholic bishop and reverend (b. 1846)
- December 28 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (b. 1835)[12]
- December 30
- Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (assassinated) (b. 1869)
- Leopold Sulerzhitsky, Russian painter (b. 1872)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics – not awarded
- Chemistry – not awarded
- Medicine – not awarded
- Literature – Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam
- Peace – not awarded
References
- The Constitution of Tuvalu - ILO: www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/3899/95791/F656430737/TUV3899.pdf
- Bailey, Peter (December 15, 2005). "Torpedoed on the crossing to Dieppe". Sussex Express. Lewes. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
- The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. p. 483. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- "Woodrow Wilson". Scouting.org. June 15, 1916. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
- Sheffield, Gary (2003). The Somme. Cassell. p. 68. ISBN 0-304-36649-8.
- "See you at the Piggly Wiggly". Pink Palace Family of Museums. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
- "Mercedes McCambridge, 87, Actress Known for Strong Roles". The New York Times. March 18, 2004. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
- Gatt, Pawl (2013). "Patri Mikiel Fsadni". Akkademja tal-Malti (in Maltese). Archived from the original on September 19, 2020.
- "Dahl, Roald (1916–1990), writer of fiction". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39827. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved January 9, 2022. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- "BIOGRAFÍA DE VICTORIANO HUERTA" [Biography of Victoriano Huerta] (in Spanish). Historia-Biografia.com. October 27, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- Randel, Don Michael (October 30, 2002). The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Harvard University Press. p. 866. ISBN 978-0-674-25572-2.
Further reading
- Williams, John. The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914-1918 (1972) pp 109–74.
Primary sources and year books
- New International Year Book 1916 (1917), Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 938pp
- Who's who in New England. A.N. Marquis. 1915. p. 1.
- Early Advertising, "Fishing for Suckers" at Duke University
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