1848

1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1848th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 848th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 19th century, and the 9th year of the 1840s decade. As of the start of 1848, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1848 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1848
MDCCCXLVIII
Ab urbe condita2601
Armenian calendar1297
ԹՎ ՌՄՂԷ
Assyrian calendar6598
Baháʼí calendar4–5
Balinese saka calendar1769–1770
Bengali calendar1255
Berber calendar2798
British Regnal year11 Vict. 1  12 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2392
Burmese calendar1210
Byzantine calendar7356–7357
Chinese calendar丁未年 (Fire Goat)
4544 or 4484
     to 
戊申年 (Earth Monkey)
4545 or 4485
Coptic calendar1564–1565
Discordian calendar3014
Ethiopian calendar1840–1841
Hebrew calendar5608–5609
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1904–1905
 - Shaka Samvat1769–1770
 - Kali Yuga4948–4949
Holocene calendar11848
Igbo calendar848–849
Iranian calendar1226–1227
Islamic calendar1264–1265
Japanese calendarKōka 5 / Kaei 1
(嘉永元年)
Javanese calendar1775–1777
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4181
Minguo calendar64 before ROC
民前64年
Nanakshahi calendar380
Thai solar calendar2390–2391
Tibetan calendar阴火羊年
(female Fire-Goat)
1974 or 1593 or 821
     to 
阳土猴年
(male Earth-Monkey)
1975 or 1594 or 822


1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the political and philosophical landscape and had major ramifications throughout the rest of the century.


Events

February 2: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the Mexican–American War and ceding all the Republic of Texas's territorial claims to the United States for $15m.
April 10: "Monster Rally" of Chartists held on Kennington Common in London; the first photograph of a crowd depicts it.

January–March

April–June

  • April 10
  • April 11 – The first Hungarian national government is formed, under the leadership of Lajos Batthyány. The April Laws, the first democratic revolutionary laws in Hungary, are promulgated. These laws are the first modern laws in Hungary, which put an end to the feudal privileges of the nobility and serfdom, proclaim the freedom of religion, the freedom of the press, the foundation of the Hungarian National Bank, organises the first democratic election in Hungary based in popular representation, national guard, reunion of Transylvania with Hungary, etc. The Habsburg emperor, and Hungarian king Ferdinand I of Austria, ratify these laws, which form the base of modern Hungary.
  • April 18 – The Second Anglo-Sikh War breaks out in the Punjab.
  • April 25 - Captain Francis Crozier and Commander James Fitzjames of the Royal Navy deposit the final record ever recovered from the Franklin Expedition in a cairn on King William Island, after deserting their ships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, with their surviving 105 crew members on April 22, to march to the mainland of North America.
  • April 27 – The second abolition of slavery in France and its colonies initiated by Victor Schœlcher.
  • April 29Pope Pius IX publishes an allocution announcing his refusal to support Piedmont-Sardinia in its war with Austria, and dispelling hopes that he might serve as ruler of a pan-Italian republic. The allocution, by which Pius is seen to withdraw his moral support for the Italian unification movement, is a key first step in the soon-to-be crushing reaction against the revolutions of 1848.
  • May 15
    • Radicals invade the French Chamber of Deputies.
    • 40,000 Romanians meet at Câmpia Libertății in Blaj, to protest Transylvania becoming a part of Hungary.[1]
  • May 18 – The first German National Assembly (Nationalversammlung) opens in Frankfurt, Germany.
  • May 19 – The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the Mexican–American War, is ratified by the Mexican government (cf. February 2, above).
  • May 29Wisconsin is admitted as the 30th U.S. state.
  • May 30 – The Prudential Mutual Assurance Investment and Loan Association is established at Hatton Garden in London (England) to provide loans to professional and working people, origin of the multinational life insurance and financial services group.[2]
  • June – The Serbians from Vojvodina start a rebellion against the Hungarian government.
  • June 212 – The Prague Slavic Congress brings together members of the Pan-Slavism movement.
  • June 17 – The Austrian army bombards Prague, and crushes a working-class revolt.
  • June 21Wallachian Revolution of 1848: The Proclamation of Islaz is made public, and a Romanian revolutionary government led by Ion Heliade Rădulescu and Christian Tell is created.
  • June 22 – The French government dissolves the national workshops in Paris, giving the workers the choice of joining the army or going to workshops in the provinces. The following day, the June Days Uprising begins in response.
July 26: Matale Rebellion begins in Sri Lanka.
September 12: The Swiss Confederation reconstitutes itself as a federal republic.

July–September

  • July – The Public Health Act establishes Boards of Health across England and Wales, the nation's first public health law, giving cities broad authority to build modern sanitary systems.[3]
  • July 5 – The Hungarian national revolutionary parliament starts to work.
  • July 19Women's rights – Seneca Falls Convention: The 2-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
  • July 26
  • July 29 – Young Irelander Rebellion: A nationalist revolt in County Tipperary, against British rule, is put down by the Irish Constabulary.[3]
  • August 6 – HMS Daedalus reports a sighting of a sea serpent.
  • August 14 – American President James K. Polk annexes the Oregon Country, and renames it the Oregon Territory as part of the United States.
  • August 17 – The Independent Republic of Yucatán officially unites with Mexico, in exchange for Mexican help in suppressing a revolt by the indigenous Maya population.
  • August 19California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States that there is a gold rush in California (although the rush started in January).
  • August 24 – The U.S. barque Ocean Monarch is burnt out off the Great Orme, North Wales, with the loss of 178, chiefly emigrants.
  • August 28 – Louisy Mathieu becomes the first black member to join the French Parliament, as a representative of Guadeloupe.
  • September 11 – The Croatian army of Josip Jelačić, encouraged in secret by the Habsburg government, crosses the Drava River and attacks Hungary, with the goal of ending the revolution in that country.
  • September 12 – One of the successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the US Constitution, enters into force, creating a federal republic, and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.
  • September 13Vermont railroad worker Phineas Gage survives a 3-foot-plus iron rod being driven through his head.
  • September 16 – William Cranch Bond and William Lassell discover Hyperion, Saturn's moon.
  • September 25 – The Hungarian king and Habsburg emperor Ferdinand V refuses to recognise the Hungarian government, led by Lajos Batthyány. The Batthyány government resigns and the National Defence Committee is formed, which is a temporary crisis government, totally independent from Vienna, under the leadership of Lajos Kossuth.
  • September 26 – The University of Ottawa is founded in Canada as the College of Bytown, a Roman Catholic institution.
  • September 29 – Battle of Pákozd: The Hungarian revolutionary army, led by János Móga, defeats the Croatian army of Josip Jelačić, forcing him to retreat towards Vienna.

October–December

Date unknown

Ongoing events

Births

January–March

April–June

July–September

Susie Taylor

October–December

Date unknown

  • Alexander Bedward, Jamaican preacher (d. 1930)
  • Alice Williams Brotherton, American author (d. 1930)
  • Maryana Marrash, Syrian writer, salonist (d. 1919)
  • Mary Thomas (labor leader), (d. 1905)
  • Mírzá Mihdí, youngest child of Baháʼí founder Baháʼu'lláh (d. 1870)
  • Viktor Sakharov, Russian general (d. 1905)

Deaths

January–June

Annette von Droste-Hülshoff

July–December

See also

  • 1848 in architecture
  • 1848 in literature
  • 1848 in science

References

  1. Stoica, Vasile (1919). The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. p. 23.
  2. "Timeline 1826–1901". Prudential plc. Archived from the original on August 13, 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
  3. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 269–270. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  4. Egyed Ákos: Erdély 1848–1849 (Transylvania in 1848–1849). Pallas Akadémia Könyvkiadó, Csíkszereda 2010. p. 517 (Hungarian)
  5. Magyar Nemzet: Fejőszék Százhatvan éve irtották ki Nagyenyedet a román felkelők.
  6. "History". english.
  7. Conklin, David W. (2006). Cases in the Environment of Business: International Perspectives. SAGE. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-4129-1436-9.
  8. "Emily Bronte | Biography, Works, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 17, 2019.

Further reading

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