1850

1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1850th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 850th year of the 2nd millennium, the 50th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1850, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1850 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1850 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1850
MDCCCL
Ab urbe condita2603
Armenian calendar1299
ԹՎ ՌՄՂԹ
Assyrian calendar6600
Baháʼí calendar6–7
Balinese saka calendar1771–1772
Bengali calendar1257
Berber calendar2800
British Regnal year13 Vict. 1 – 14 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2394
Burmese calendar1212
Byzantine calendar7358–7359
Chinese calendar己酉年 (Earth Rooster)
4546 or 4486
    — to —
庚戌年 (Metal Dog)
4547 or 4487
Coptic calendar1566–1567
Discordian calendar3016
Ethiopian calendar1842–1843
Hebrew calendar5610–5611
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1906–1907
 - Shaka Samvat1771–1772
 - Kali Yuga4950–4951
Holocene calendar11850
Igbo calendar850–851
Iranian calendar1228–1229
Islamic calendar1266–1267
Japanese calendarKaei 3
(嘉永３年)
Javanese calendar1778–1779
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4183
Minguo calendar62 before ROC
民前62年
Nanakshahi calendar382
Thai solar calendar2392–2393
Tibetan calendar阴土鸡年
(female Earth-Rooster)
1976 or 1595 or 823
    — to —
阳金狗年
(male Iron-Dog)
1977 or 1596 or 824
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1850.

Events

January–June
  • April
    • Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome.
    • Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States.
  • April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city in California.
  • April 15
    • San Francisco is incorporated as a city in California.
    • Angers Bridge collapses in France killing around 226 of the soldiers crossing it at the time.
  • April 19 – The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty is signed by the United States and Great Britain, allowing both countries to share Nicaragua, and not claim complete control over the proposed Nicaragua Canal.
  • May 23 – The USS Advance puts to sea from New York to search for Franklin's lost expedition in the Arctic.
  • May 25 – The hippopotamus Obaysch arrives at London Zoo from Egypt, the first seen in Europe since Roman times.
  • June 1
    • The transportation of British convicts to Western Australia begins, as the transportation of British convicts to other parts of Australia is phased out, when the ship Scindian arrives in Fremantle, with 75 male prisoners.
    • The postage stamp issues of Austria begin with a series of imperforate typographed stamps, featuring the coat of arms.
    • The 1850 United States Census shows that 11.2% of the population classed as "Negro" are of mixed race.
  • June 3 – Kansas City, Missouri, is incorporated by Jackson County, Missouri, as the Town of Kansas (traditional date of its founding).

July–September

October–December

Date unknown
  • Dost Mohammad Barakzai, emir of Afghanistan, captures Balkh.[4]
  • The first portion of the Oudh Bequest is transferred from Oudh State in the British Raj to the Shia Islam holy cities of Najaf and Karbala, in Persia.
  • The American system of watch manufacturing is started in Roxbury, Massachusetts, by the Waltham Watch Company.
  • Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham, England.
  • Allan Pinkerton forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, in the United States.
  • The temperance organisation, International Organisation of Good Templars, is established in Utica, New York, as the order of the Knights of Jericho.
  • Mayer Lehman arrives from Germany to join his siblings in Lehman Brothers dry-goods business (predecessor of the bank) in Montgomery, Alabama.
  • One of the original segments of the historic Pacific Highway (United States) in Washington (state) in Clark and Cowlitz counties is established.[5]
  • German physicist Rudolf Clausius publishes his paper on the mechanical theory of heat ("On the Moving Force of Heat") which first states the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics.
  • The city of Manchester, England, reaches 400,000 inhabitants.
  • From this year until 1880, 144,000 East Indian laborers go to Trinidad and 39,000 to Jamaica.
  • Ongoing – Great Famine (Ireland) subsides.[6]

Births

January–February
Sofia Kovalevskaya
Mary Noailles Murfree
Mihai Eminescu

March–April
Fanny Davenport
  • March 6 – Sagen Ishizuka, Japanese physician, dietitian (d. 1909)
  • March 7
  • March 9
    • Josias von Heeringen, German general (d. 1926)
    • Sir Hamo Thornycroft, British sculptor (d. 1925)
  • March 10 – Spencer Gore, British tennis player, cricketer (d. 1906)
  • March 13 – Sir Hugh John Macdonald, premier of Manitoba (d. 1929)
  • March 26 – Edward Bellamy, American author (d. 1898)
  • March 31 – Charles Doolittle Walcott, American invertebrate paleontologist (d. 1927)
Hans von Pechmann
  • April 1 – Hans von Pechmann, German chemist (d. 1902)
  • April 8 – Kawamura Kageaki, Japanese field marshal (d. 1926)
  • April 9 – Sir Julius Wernher, German-born British businessman, art collector (d. 1912)
  • April 10
    • Fanny Davenport, English-born American actress (d. 1898)
    • Mary Emilie Holmes, American geologist, educator (d. 1906)
  • April 12 – Nikolai Golitsyn, Prime Minister of Russia (d. 1925)
  • April 13 – Arthur Matthew Weld Downing, British astronomer (d. 1917)
  • April 15
    • Edmund Peck, Canadian missionary (d. 1924)
    • William Thomas Pipes, Canadian politician, 6th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 1909)
  • April 18 – Jo Labadie, American labor organizer (d. 1933)
  • April 20 – Daniel Chester French, American sculptor (d. 1931)
  • April 23 – Agda Montelius, Swedish feminist (d. 1920)
  • April 26
    • Harry Bates, English sculptor (d. 1899)
    • James Drake, Australian politician (d. 1941)
  • April 27 – Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German general (d. 1921)

May–June
Alice Moore McComas
  • May 1 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, British prince and Governor General of Canada (d. 1942)
  • May 3 – Johnny Ringo, American cowboy (d. 1882)
  • May 7 – Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (d. 1898)
  • May 8 – Ross Barnes, American baseball player (d. 1915)
  • May 10 – Sir Thomas Lipton, Scottish merchant, yachtsman (d. 1931)
  • May 12
    • Henry Cabot Lodge, American statesman (d. 1924)
    • Sir Frederick Holder, 19th Premier of South Australia (d. 1909)
  • May 18 – Oliver Heaviside, British engineer (d. 1925)
  • May 21
    • Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (d. 1914)
    • Gustav Lindenthal, Czech civil engineer, bridge designer (d. 1935)
  • May 27 – Thomas Neill Cream, Scottish-Canadian serial killer (d. 1892)
  • May 28 – Frederic William Maitland, English jurist and historian (d. 1906)
  • May 30 – Frederick Dent Grant, U.S. soldier, statesman (d. 1912)
  • June 2
    • Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent, British businessman (d. 1931)
    • Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, English physiologist, pioneer in endocrinology (d. 1935)
  • June 3 – Albert M. Todd, American businessman, politician (d. 1931)
  • June 5 – Pat Garrett, American bartender and sheriff (d. 1908)
Karl Ferdinand Braun

July–August
Rose Hartwick Thorpe

September–October
Robert Louis Stevenson
  • October 1
    • David R. Francis, American politician (d. 1927)
    • Thomas Vincent Welch, American politician (d. 1903)
  • October 8 – Henry Louis Le Châtelier, French chemist (d. 1936)
  • October 14 – Newton E. Mason, United States Navy rear admiral (d. 1945)
  • October 18 – Ferdinand von Quast, German general (d. 1939)
  • October 26 – Grigore Tocilescu, Romanian historian, archaeologist, epigrapher and folkorist, author of many books on ancient Dacia (d. 1909)

November–December

Date unknown
  • Abdul Wahid Bengali, Muslim theologian and teacher (d. 1905)[11]
  • Mikael of Wollo, Ethiopian army commander and Ras of Wollo (d. 1918)

Deaths

January–March
Daoguang Emperor

April–June
William Wordsworth
Marie Tussaud

July–September
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
José de San Martín
Honoré de Balzac
Louis Philippe I

October–December
Sarah Biffen

Date unknown
  • Mary Anne Whitby, English scientist (b. 1783)

References
  1. Barger, M. Susan; et al. (2000) [First published 1991]. The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. JHU Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-8018-6458-2.
  2. Holden, Edward S.; et al. (1890). "Photographs of Venus, Mercury and Alpha Lyræ in Daylight". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 2 (10): 249–250. Bibcode:1890PASP....2..249H. doi:10.1086/120156.
  3. Shearman, Montague (1887). Athletics and Football. London: Longman.
  4. "Persia, Arabia, etc". World Digital Library. 1852. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  5. "The Historic Pacific Highway from Vancouver to Castle Rock". pacific-hwy.net.
  6. Ross, David (2002). Ireland: History of a Nation (New ed.). New Lanark: Geddes & Grosset. p. 313. ISBN 1842051644.
  7. Clive Wake (1974). The Novels of Pierre Loti. Mouton. p. 15. ISBN 978-90-279-2660-9.
  8. Ion Creangă; Mihai Eminescu (1991). Selected Works of Ion Creangǎ and Mihai Eminescu. East European Monographs. p. ix. ISBN 978-973-21-0270-1.
  9. Walter Yust (1954). Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 18.
  10. Emily Toth; Per Seyersted (October 22, 1998). Kate Chopin's Private Papers. Indiana University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-253-11593-0.
  11. Ahmadullah, Mufti (2016). Mashayekh-e-Chatgam. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Banglabazar, Dhaka: Ahmad Publishers. pp. 29–68. ISBN 978-984-92106-4-1.
  12. Radio Liberty Research Bulletin. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 1985. p. 7.
  13. Helen Darbishire (1964). Wordsworth. Longmans, Green & Company. p. 6.
  14. Derrik Mercer (February 1993). Chronicle of the Royal Family. Chronicle Communications. p. 410. ISBN 978-1-872031-20-0.
  15. "Robert Stevenson (1772-1850)". National Records of Scotland. May 31, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
  16. Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information. 13th Ed., Being Volumes One to Twenty-eight of the Latest Standard Edition with the Three New Volumes Covering Recent Years and the Index Volume. Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited. p. 321.
  17. John Canning (1983). 100 Great Nineteenth-century Lives. Methuen. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-413-51520-9.
  18. Karl Marx (1974). Political Writings: Surveys from exile. Vintage Books. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-394-72003-6.
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