1852

1852 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1852; MDCCCLII
Ab urbe condita	2605
Armenian calendar	1301; ԹՎ ՌՅԱ
Assyrian calendar	6602
Baháʼí calendar	8–9
Balinese saka calendar	1773–1774
Bengali calendar	1259
Berber calendar	2802
British Regnal year	15 Vict. 1 – 16 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2396
Burmese calendar	1214
Byzantine calendar	7360–7361
Chinese calendar	辛亥年 (Metal Pig); 4548 or 4488; — to —; 壬子年 (Water Rat); 4549 or 4489
Coptic calendar	1568–1569
Discordian calendar	3018
Ethiopian calendar	1844–1845
Hebrew calendar	5612–5613
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1908–1909
- Shaka Samvat	1773–1774
- Kali Yuga	4952–4953
Holocene calendar	11852
Igbo calendar	852–853
Iranian calendar	1230–1231
Islamic calendar	1268–1269
Japanese calendar	Kaei 5; (嘉永５年)
Javanese calendar	1780–1781
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4185
Minguo calendar	60 before ROC; 民前60年
Nanakshahi calendar	384
Thai solar calendar	2394–2395
Tibetan calendar	阴金猪年; (female Iron-Pig); 1978 or 1597 or 825; — to —; 阳水鼠年; (male Water-Rat); 1979 or 1598 or 826

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century; 19th century ; 20th century;
Decades:	1830s; 1840s; 1850s; 1860s; 1870s;
Years:	1849; 1850; 1851; 1852; 1853; 1854; 1855;

1852 (MDCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1852nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 852nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 52nd year of the 19th century, and the 3rd year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1852, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

The world in 1852

January–March

January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic.
January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come together to form what will become Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City.
January 17 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Transvaal.
February 3 – Battle of Caseros, Argentina: The Argentine provinces of Entre Rios and Corrientes, allied with Brazil and members of Colorado Party of Uruguay, defeat Buenos Aires troops under Juan Manuel de Rosas.
February 11 – The first British public toilet for women opens in Bedford Street, London.
February 14 – The Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, admits its first patient.
February 16 – The Studebaker Brothers Wagon Company, precursor of the automobile manufacturer, is established in South Bend, Indiana.
February 19 – Phi Kappa Psi fraternity is founded in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, at Jefferson College.
February 25 – HMS Birkenhead sinks near Cape Town, British Cape Colony. Only 193 of the 643 on board survive, after troops stand firm on the deck so as not to overwhelm the lifeboats containing women and children.
March 1 – Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
March 2 – The first American experimental steam fire engine is tested.[1]
March 4 – Phi Mu sorority is founded in Macon, Georgia.
March 17 – Annibale de Gasparis discovers in Naples the asteroid Psyche from the north dome of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte.[2]
March 18 – Henry Wells and William Fargo create Wells Fargo & Company.
March 20 – Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, is published in book form in Boston, Massachusetts.

April–June

April 1 – The Second Anglo-Burmese War begins.
April 18 – Taiping Rebellion in China: Taiping forces begin the siege of Guilin.[3]
May 19 – Taiping Rebellion: The siege of Guilin is lifted.
June 12 – Taiping Rebellion: Taiping forces enter Hunan.
June 30 – The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to grant the British colony self-government with a representative constitution.[4]

July–September

July 1 – American statesman Henry Clay is the first to receive the honor of lying in state in the United States Capitol rotunda.
July 5 – Frederick Douglass delivers his famous speech, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", in Rochester, New York.
July 28 – Henry Clay steamboat disaster in Riverdale, Bronx, claims several lives, including Stephen Allen.
August 3 – The first American intercollegiate athletic event, the Boat Race between Yale and Harvard, is held.
September 11 – Revolution of 11 September 1852 in Argentina: Buenos Aires Province declares independence.
September 19 – Annibale de Gasparis discovers the asteroid Massalia from the north dome of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte in Naples.
September 24 – French engineer Henri Giffard makes the first airship trip, from Paris to Trappes.

October–December

October 7 – After learning that U.S. President Fillmore has sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry to open trade with Japan, Nicholas I of Russia sends Rear Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin to lead the Pallada on a similar mission (Putyatin arrives on August 21, 1853, one month after Perry).[5]
October 16 – After nearly five years' imprisonment in France, former Algerian Emir Abdelkader El Djezairi is released by orders of then-president Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte.[6]
October 23 – The conjecture of the four color theorem is first proposed, as student Francis Guthrie of University College London presents the question of proving, mathematically, that no more than four colors are needed to give separate colors to bordering shapes on a map (the theorem is not proven for almost 123 years, until 1976).[7]
October 31 – General Joaquin Solares of Guatemala leads an invasion of neighboring Honduras, beginning a war that lasts until February 13, 1856.[8]
November – Leo Tolstoy's debut novel Childhood is published under the initials L. N., in this month's issue of the Saint Petersburg literary journal Sovremennik (and later in book form).
November 2 – 1852 U.S. presidential election: Democrat Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire defeats Whig Winfield Scott of Virginia.
November 4 – Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour becomes the Piedmontese prime minister.
November 11 – The new Palace of Westminster opens in London as the home of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
November 21–22 – The New French Empire is confirmed by plebiscite: 7,824,000 for, 253,000 against.
November 23 – The first roadside pillar boxes in the British Isles are brought into public use in Saint Helier, on Jersey in the Channel Islands, at the suggestion of English novelist Anthony Trollope, at this time an official of the British General Post Office.[9]
November 26 – A magnitude 7.5 to 8.8 earthquake strike near the Banda Islands, Dutch East Indies, triggering a deadly tsunami.[10]
December – The Western Railroad is chartered to build a railroad from Fayetteville, North Carolina, to the coal fields of Egypt, North Carolina.[11]
December 2 – Napoleon III becomes Emperor of the French.
December 4 – The French capture Laghouat.
December 23 – Taiping Rebellion: The Taiping army takes Hanyang and begins the siege of Wuchang.
December 29 – Taiping Rebellion: The Taiping army takes Hankou.

Date unknown

The grooved rail is developed by Alphonse Loubat.[12]
The Devil's Island penal colony opens in the colony of French Guiana.
The semaphore line in France is superseded by the telegraph.
Smith & Wesson is founded as a firearms manufacturer in the United States.
In Hawaii, sugar planters bring over the first Chinese laborers on 3- or 5-year contracts, giving them 3 dollars per month plus room and board for working a 12-hour day, 6 days a week.
Germans are encouraged to immigrate to Chile.
The British Inman Line is the first to offer United States-bound migrants steerage passage in a steamer, SS City of Glasgow.
Loyola College is chartered in Baltimore, Maryland.
Antioch College is founded in Yellow Springs, Ohio (its first president is Horace Mann).
Mills College is founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in Benicia, California.
The French Catholic De La Salle Brothers arrive from Europe in Singapore, aboard La Julie, and sail up to Penang in the Straits Settlements, to found the first Lasallian educational institutions in Asia.
Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary, produces the first translation of the Bible in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, which is published with the parallel text of the Syriac Peshitta, by the American Bible Society.

Births

January–June

Elnora Monroe Babcock

John Harvey Kellogg

Friedrich Loeffler

Antoni Gaudi

Alice Liddell

January 8 – James Milton Carroll, American Baptist pastor, leader, historian and author (d. 1931)
January 11 – Constantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1926)
January 18 – Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, French admiral (d. 1924)
January 20 – José Guadalupe Posada, Mexican political engraver and printmaker (d. 1913)
January 26 – Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Italian-born explorer of Africa (d. 1905)
February 5 – Terauchi Masatake, 9th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1919)
February 16 – Charles Taze Russell (Pastor Russell), American Protestant reformer, evangelist, forerunner of Jehovah's Witnesses (d. 1916)
February 26 – John Harvey Kellogg, American Adventist doctor and health reformer (d. 1943)
March 1 – Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (d. 1923)