1924

1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1924th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 924th year of the 2nd millennium, the 24th year of the 20th century, and the 5th year of the 1920s decade.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1924 by topic
Subject
  • Animation
    • Anime
  • Archaeology
  • Architecture
  • Art
  • Aviation
  • Awards
  • Film
  • Literature
    • Poetry
  • Meteorology
  • Music
    • Country
    • Jazz
  • Rail transport
  • Radio
  • Science
  • Sports
  • Football
  • Television
By country
  • Australia
  • Belgium
  • Bulgaria
  • Brazil
  • Canada
  • China
  • France
  • Germany
  • India
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Mexico
  • New Zealand
  • Norway
  • Palestine Mandate
  • Philippines
  • South Africa
  • Soviet Union
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Turkey
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
Lists of leaders
  • Sovereign states
  • Sovereign state leaders
  • Territorial governors
  • Religious leaders
  • Law
Birth and death categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
  • Introductions
1924 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1924
MCMXXIV
Ab urbe condita2677
Armenian calendar1373
ԹՎ ՌՅՀԳ
Assyrian calendar6674
Baháʼí calendar80–81
Balinese saka calendar1845–1846
Bengali calendar1331
Berber calendar2874
British Regnal year14 Geo. 5 – 15 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar2468
Burmese calendar1286
Byzantine calendar7432–7433
Chinese calendar癸亥年 (Water Pig)
4620 or 4560
    — to —
甲子年 (Wood Rat)
4621 or 4561
Coptic calendar1640–1641
Discordian calendar3090
Ethiopian calendar1916–1917
Hebrew calendar5684–5685
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1980–1981
 - Shaka Samvat1845–1846
 - Kali Yuga5024–5025
Holocene calendar11924
Igbo calendar924–925
Iranian calendar1302–1303
Islamic calendar1342–1343
Japanese calendarTaishō 13
(大正１３年)
Javanese calendar1854–1855
Juche calendar13
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4257
Minguo calendarROC 13
民國13年
Nanakshahi calendar456
Thai solar calendar2466–2467
Tibetan calendar阴水猪年
(female Water-Pig)
2050 or 1669 or 897
    — to —
阳木鼠年
(male Wood-Rat)
2051 or 1670 or 898
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1924.

Events

January
1924 Winter Olympics

February

March
  • March 3 – The 407-year-old Islamic caliphate is abolished when Caliph Abdülmecid II of the Ottoman Caliphate is deposed. The last remnant of the old regime gives way to the reformed Turkey of President Kemal Atatürk.
  • March 6 – İsmet İnönü forms a new government in Turkey (2nd government).
  • March 15 – Horacio Vásquez wins the Dominican Republic general election, becoming president, coinciding with the end of United States military occupation.[11]
  • March 25 – The Second Hellenic Republic is proclaimed in Greece.[12]
  • March 29 – In France, the Third Ministry of Raymond Poincaré begins.[13]

April
  • April 1
    • Adolf Hitler is sentenced to 5 years in jail in Germany for his participation in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch (he serves less than 9 months).
    • The first revenue flight for Belgium's Sabena Airlines takes place.
  • April 6 – Italian general election, 1924: Fascists win the elections in Italy with a two-thirds majority.
  • April 13 – The Greek republic referendum favors formation of the Second Hellenic Republic.[14]
  • April 16 – American media company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) is founded in Los Angeles.[15]
  • April 23 – The British Empire Exhibition opens in London; it is the largest colonial exhibition, with 58 countries of the empire dramatically represented.[16]
  • April 27 – A group of Alawites kill several nuns in Syria; French troops march against them.
  • April 28 – An explosion in a mine at the Wheeling Steel Corporation in Benwood, West Virginia kills 119 men.

May

June
  • June 2 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States.[23]
  • June 5 – Ernst Alexanderson sends the first facsimile across the Atlantic Ocean,[24] which goes to his father in Sweden.
  • June 7–16 – Rudolf Steiner delivers his Agriculture Course at Koberwitz beginning of the organic agriculture movement.[25]
  • June 8 – George Mallory and Andrew Irvine are last seen "going strong for the top" of Mount Everest by teammate Noel Odell at 12:50 P.M. The two mountaineers are never seen alive again.
  • June 12 – Rondout Heist: Six men of the Egan's Rats gang rob a mail train in Rondout, Illinois; the robbery is later found to have been an inside job.
  • June 13 – In Hungary, a devastating tornado, "Wildkansas", strikes, in 3 hours leaving a 500-1500m wide and 70 km long path of destruction from landfall at Bia to its end near Vác, completely destroying the village of Páty. 9 people are killed, 50 injured and many left homeless by one of the strongest tornadoes ever not only in Hungary but in Europe, estimated as F4.
  • June 16 – Whampoa Military Academy is founded in China.
  • June 23 – American airman Russell Maughan flies from New York to San Francisco in 21 hours and 48 minutes on a dawn-to-dusk flight in a Curtiss pursuit
  • June 30 – J. B. M. Hertzog becomes the third Prime Minister of South Africa.[26]

July
  • July 9 – John W. Davis of West Virginia is nominated by the Democrats to oppose Calvin Coolidge in the presidential election.
  • July 10 – Paavo Nurmi wins the 1,500 and 5,000 m runs within two hours at the Paris Olympics.[27]
  • July 12 – United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24) comes to an end. The constitutional government headed by General Horacio Vázquez, elected in the elections held in March, is established.
  • July 19 – Napalpí massacre: Around 400 indigenous people of Toba ethnicity are massacred in Argentina.[28]

August
  • August 1 – The Koshien Stadium, a well known sports venue, opens in Nishinomiya, a suburb of Osaka, Japan.[29]
  • August 16 – The Dawes Plan is signed in Paris, temporarily resolving German reparations dispute.[30]
  • August 28 – August Uprising: Georgia rises against rule by the Soviet Union in an abortive rebellion, in which several thousands die.[31]

September

October
  • October – The skull of the Taung Child is discovered.[35]
  • October 2 – The Geneva Protocol is adopted by the League of Nations Assembly as a means to strengthen the League, but later fails to be ratified.
  • October 6 – 1-RO begins regular radio broadcasting services in Italy.
  • October 10
    • Voting in federal elections becomes compulsory in Australia, after a private member's bill proposed by Tasmanian Nationalist senator Herbert Payne results in the passing of the Commonwealth Electoral (Compulsory Voting) Act 1924.
    • The Alpha Delta Gamma fraternity is founded at the Lake Shore Campus of Loyola University, Chicago.
  • October 12–15 – Zeppelin LZ-126 makes a transatlantic delivery flight from Friedrichshafen, Germany, to Lakehurst, New Jersey.
  • October 15 – The first Surrealist Manifesto is published, in which André Breton defines the movement as "pure psychic automatism".
  • October 18 – Sweden's Prime Minister Ernst Trygger and his cabinet, is replaced by Hjalmar Branting and his third and last government.
  • October 19 – Abdul Aziz declares himself protector of holy places in Mecca.
  • October 22 – The Toastmasters Club is founded.
  • October 24 – English footballer Dixie Dean scores a hat-trick for Tranmere Rovers F.C. to become the youngest ever player to score three goals for The Superwhites.
  • October 25
    • The British press publishes the Zinoviev letter, released the previous day by the Foreign Office.[36] This purports to be a directive from Grigory Zinoviev, head of the Communist International in Moscow, to the Communist Party of Great Britain.
    • Authorities of the British Raj in India arrest Subhas Chandra Bose and jail him for the next 21⁄2 years.
    • Osaka Metal Industry, predecessor of Daikin, a global air conditioner brand, is founded in Japan.
  • October 27 – The Uzbek SSR joins the Soviet Union.

November

December
  • December 1
    • The Soviet-backed communist 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt fails in Estonia.[40]
    • George Gershwin's musical Lady Be Good (book by Guy Bolton and Fred Thompson, lyrics by Ira Gershwin, and including the number "Fascinating Rhythm") has its Broadway premiere in New York City.
  • December 19 – German serial killer Fritz Haarmann is sentenced to death for the murder and dismemberment of at least 24 young males in Hanover.
  • December 20 – In Germany, Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison[41] after serving nine months for his crucial role in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923.
  • December 24
    • 1924 Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 crash: An airliner crashes soon after takeoff from London's Croydon Airport killing all eight people aboard. This leads to the first public inquiry into a civil aviation accident ever held in the United Kingdom.[42]
    • Albania becomes a republic.
    • Babbs Switch fire: A flash fire at a Christmas celebration in a one-room schoolhouse in Babbs, Oklahoma, United States, kills 36 people, mostly small children.
  • December 30 – American astronomer Edwin Hubble announces that Andromeda, previously believed to be a nebula, is actually another galaxy, and that the Milky Way is only one of many such galaxies in the universe.[43]

Date unknown
  • Spring – Francophone explorer, spiritualist and former operatic soprano Alexandra David-Néel, disguised as a male pilgrim, makes a 2-month stay in the forbidden city of Lhasa, Tibet.[44]
  • Autumn – In the United States, the final raid of the Renegade period of the Apache Wars takes place, bringing the American Indian Wars to a close, after 315 years.
  • The International Union of Official Organizations for Tourist Propaganda is established.[45]
  • Earl W. Bascom, rodeo cowboy and artist, designs and makes rodeo's first one-hand bareback rigging at Stirling, Alberta, Canada.
  • Alice Vanderbilt Morris, a wealthy heiress, founds the International Auxiliary Language Association in New York.[46]

Births
Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January
Max Roach
Katy Jurado

February
Lee Marvin
Gloria Vanderbilt
Robert Mugabe

March
Lys Assia
Tomiichi Murayama

April
Marlon Brando
Kenneth Kaunda

May
Dawda Jawara
Charles Aznavour

June
Torsten Wiesel
George H. W. Bush
Sidney Lumet

July
Eva Marie Saint

August
King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
James Baldwin
Ahmadou Ahidjo

September
Daniel arap Moi
Lauren Bacall
Marcello Mastroianni

October
Jimmy Carter
Lubomír Štrougal

November
Shirley Chisholm

December
Alexander Haig
Mário Soares
Michael Manley
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai

Deaths
Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January
Vladimir Lenin

February
Woodrow Wilson

March
Willert Konow
Nilo Pecanha
  • March 4 – Fanny Eaton, Jamaican artist's model (b. 1835)
  • March 9 – Panagiotis Danglis, Greek military leader, politician (b. 1853)
  • March 11
    • Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg (b. 1868)
    • Ivan Evstratiev Geshov, 18th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1849)
  • March 15 – Wollert Konow, Norwegian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Norway (b. 1845)
  • March 22
    • Robert Nivelle, French World War I general (b. 1856)
    • Louis Delluc, French film director (b. 1890)
    • Sir William Macewen, British surgeon (b. 1848)
  • March 24 – Prince Kachō Hirotada of Japan (b. 1902)
  • March 29 – Sir Charles Villiers Stanford, Irish composer, resident in United Kingdom (b. 1852)[210]
  • March 31 – Nilo Peçanha, Brazilian politician and 7th President of Brazil (b. 1867)

April
  • April 4 – Arnold Pick, Czechoslovakian neurologist and psychiatrist (b. 1851)
  • April 10
    • Rafael Yglesias Castro, Costa Rican politician, 16th President of Costa Rica (b. 1861)
    • Hugo Stinnes, German industrialist, politician (b. 1870)
  • April 14 – Louis Sullivan, American architect (b. 1856)
  • April 19 – Paul Boyton, Irish-American extreme water sports pioneer (b. 1848)
  • April 21
    • Marie Corelli, English novelist (b. 1855)[211]
    • Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (b. 1858)[212]
  • April 24 – G. Stanley Hall, American psychologist, educator (b. 1846)[213]

May
George Kennan

June
Franz Kafka
  • June 3 – Franz Kafka, Austrian author (The Trial) (b. 1883)[215]
  • June 9
    • Andrew Irvine, British mountain climber (lost on Mount Everest) (b. 1902)
    • George Mallory, British mountain climber (lost on Mount Everest) (b. 1886)
  • June 10 – Giacomo Matteotti, Italian socialist politician (assassinated) (b. 1885)
  • June 11
    • Théodore Dubois, French composer, teacher (b. 1837)
    • Jacob Israël de Haan, Dutch-Jewish literary writer, journalist (b. 1881)
  • June 30 – Johannes von Eben, German general (b. 1855)

July
Ferruccio Busoni
  • July 14
    • Isabella Ford, British socialist, feminist, trade unionist and writer (b. 1855)
    • Isabella Stewart Gardner, American art collector, philanthropist (b. 1840)
  • July 23 – Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (b. 1860)
  • July 27 – Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist, composer (b. 1866)

August

September
Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II

October
Frances Hodgson Burnett

November
Dean O'Banion
Giacomo Puccini

December
Cipriano Castro

Nobel Prizes

References
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