1894

1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1894th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 894th year of the 2nd millennium, the 94th year of the 19th century, and the 5th year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1894, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1894 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1894 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1894
MDCCCXCIV
Ab urbe condita2647
Armenian calendar1343
ԹՎ ՌՅԽԳ
Assyrian calendar6644
Baháʼí calendar50–51
Balinese saka calendar1815–1816
Bengali calendar1301
Berber calendar2844
British Regnal year57 Vict. 1 – 58 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2438
Burmese calendar1256
Byzantine calendar7402–7403
Chinese calendar癸巳年 (Water Snake)
4590 or 4530
    — to —
甲午年 (Wood Horse)
4591 or 4531
Coptic calendar1610–1611
Discordian calendar3060
Ethiopian calendar1886–1887
Hebrew calendar5654–5655
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1950–1951
 - Shaka Samvat1815–1816
 - Kali Yuga4994–4995
Holocene calendar11894
Igbo calendar894–895
Iranian calendar1272–1273
Islamic calendar1311–1312
Japanese calendarMeiji 27
(明治２７年)
Javanese calendar1823–1824
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4227
Minguo calendar18 before ROC
民前18年
Nanakshahi calendar426
Thai solar calendar2436–2437
Tibetan calendar阴水蛇年
(female Water-Snake)
2020 or 1639 or 867
    — to —
阳木马年
(male Wood-Horse)
2021 or 1640 or 868
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1894.

Events

January–March
  • January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire.
  • January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United States.
  • January 9 – New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard, in Lexington, Massachusetts.
  • February 12
    • French anarchist Émile Henry sets off a bomb in a Paris café, killing one person and wounding twenty.
    • The barque Elisabeth Rickmers of Bremerhaven is wrecked at Haurvig, Denmark, but all crew and passengers are saved.
  • February 15
    • In Korea, peasant unrest erupts in the Donghak Peasant Revolution, a massive revolt of followers of the Donghak movement.[1] Both China and Japan send military forces, claiming to come to the ruling Joseon dynasty government's aid.
    • At 04:51 GMT, French anarchist Martial Bourdin dies of an accidental detonation of his own bomb, next to the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in London, England.
  • February 17 – American outlaw John Wesley Hardin is released from prison.
  • March 1 – The Local Government Act (coming into effect December 1894–January 1895) reforms local government in Britain, creating a system of urban and rural districts with elected councils, with elected parish councils in rural areas, and gives women, irrespective of marital status, the right to vote and stand in local (but not national) elections.[2]
  • March 2 – William Gladstone resigns as British Prime Minister.
  • March 12 – Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the first time.
  • March 21 – A syzygy of planets occurs, as Mercury transits the Sun as seen from Venus, and Mercury and Venus both transit the Sun as seen from Saturn, but no two of the transits are simultaneous.
  • March 25 – Coxey's Army (of the unemployed), the first significant protest march in the United States, departs from Massillon, Ohio, for Washington, D.C.
March 12: Coca-Cola in bottles (replicas).

April–June
May 14: Blackpool Tower.

July–September
  • July 4
    • The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by Sanford B. Dole.
    • The football club FC La Chaux-de-Fonds is founded in Switzerland.
July: Fire damages Columbian Exposition.
  • July 6 – A fire at the site of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago destroys most of the remaining buildings.[5]
  • July 16 – The United Kingdom and Japan sign the Anglo-Japanese Treaty, as the U.K. becomes the first of the Western nations to agree to give up its extraterritorial rights in Japan.[6]
  • July 22 – The Paris–Rouen Competition for Horseless Carriages, the first automobile competition, is held.
  • August 1 – War is declared between the Qing Empire of China and the Empire of Japan, over their rival claims of influence on their common ally, the Joseon dynasty of Korea. The event marks the start of the First Sino-Japanese War.
  • August 15 – Sante Geronimo Caserio is executed, for the assassination of French President Marie François Sadi Carnot.
  • August 31 – New Zealand enacts the world's first minimum wage law, to take effect on January 1, in the passage of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1894.[7]
  • September 1 – Great Hinckley Fire: A forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota, kills more than 450 people.
  • September 4 – In New York City, 12,000 tailors strike against sweatshop working conditions.
  • September 26 – The SS Ohio and the schooner barge Ironton collided and sank in Lake Huron. While the Ohio's crew was rescued, five of the Ironton's seven-member crew, including the captain were lost.

October–December
November 1: Nicholas II becomes Tsar of Russia.

Date unknown
  • Grace Kimmins founds the Guild of the Poor Brave Things in England, for the education of crippled boys.
  • The National College of Music, London, is founded by the Moss family.
  • In the U.S., the Society of Beaux-Arts Architects is founded.
  • Oil is discovered on the Osage Indian reservation, making the Osage the "richest group of people in the world".
  • Edward B. Marks and Joe Stern publish the waltz The Little Lost Child, promoting the playing of the waltz with slides projected by a magic lantern, the earliest version of music video known as the illustrated song.
  • Chatham Episcopal Institute (modern-day Chatham Hall) is founded as an all-girls college-preparatory boarding school in Chatham, Virginia.
  • Frederick W. Tamblyn founds the Tamblyn School of Penmanship, which later becomes Ziller of Kansas City, the oldest calligraphy studio still operating in United States.
  • Spillers Records is founded in Cardiff, the world's oldest record shop still in operation.
  • The Liga Femeilor Române, the first women's organisation in Romania, is founded.

Births

January–February
Satyendra Nath Bose
José Bustamante y Rivero
Billy Bishop
Harold Macmillan

March–April
Otto Grotewohl
Archibald Roosevelt
Francisco Craveiro Lopes
Sir Arthur Fadden
Nikita Khrushchev
Rudolf Hess
H.V. Evatt

May–June
Edward VIII
Alfred Kinsey
  • May 2 – Joseph Henry Woodger, British theoretical biologist (d. 1981)
  • May 10 – Horia Macellariu, Romanian admiral (d. 1989)
  • May 11 – Martha Graham, American dancer, choreographer (d. 1991)
  • May 13 – Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, 2nd President of Iceland (d. 1972)
  • May 15 – Eddie Stumpf, American baseball player, manager and executive (d. 1978)
  • May 16 – Walter Yust, American encyclopædia editor (d. 1960)
  • May 19 – Heinz Ziegler, German general (d. 1972)
  • May 20
    • Estelle Taylor, American actress (d. 1958)
    • Chandrashekarendra Saraswati, Indian religious scholar, saint (d. 1994)
  • May 21 – Constantin Anton, Romanian general (d. 1993)
  • May 26 – Paul Lukas, Hungarian actor (d. 1971)
  • May 27
  • May 29 – Josef von Sternberg, Austrian-American film director (d. 1969)
  • May 30 – Hubertus van Mook, Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1942-1948) (d. 1965)
  • May 31 – Fred Allen, American comedian (d. 1956)
  • June 4 – Gabriel Pascal, Hungarian film producer (d. 1954)
  • June 5
    • Mihail Corbuleanu, Romanian general (d. 1973)
    • Roy Thomson, Canadian publisher (d. 1976)
  • June 9 – Nedo Nadi, Italian fencer (d. 1940)
  • June 14
    • Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 1924)
    • W. W. E. Ross, Canadian geophysicist, poet (d. 1966)
  • June 23
    • King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (afterwards The Duke of Windsor) (d. 1972)
    • Harold Barrowclough, New Zealand general, lawyer and chief justice (d. 1972)
    • Alfred Kinsey, American sexologist (d. 1956)
  • June 28
    • Arthur D. Struble, American admiral (d. 1983)
    • Lois Wilson, American actress (d. 1988)
    • Francis Hunter, American tennis player (d. 1981)

July–August
Bertha Lutz
Khawaja Nazimuddin

September–October
Billy Gilbert
Heinrich Lübke

November–December
Américo Tomás
Mae Marsh
Florbela Espanca
Kōnosuke Matsushita
Robert Menzies

Date unknown
  • Tawfik Abu Al-Huda, 4-Time Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1956)
  • Constantin Constantiniu, Romanian general (d. 1971)
  • Demetrio Galán Bergua, Spanish physician, humanist and journalist (d. 1970)
  • Riad Al Solh, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1951)

Deaths

January–June
Heinrich Hertz
Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia
Myra Bradwell
Adolphe Sax
Gustave Caillebotte
  • January 1 – Heinrich Hertz, German physicist (b. 1857)
  • January 13 – Nadezhda von Meck, Russian patron of Peter Tchaikovsky (b. 1831)
  • January 20 – Robert Halpin, Irish mariner and transoceanic cable layer (b. 1836)
  • January 28 – Elise Hwasser, Swedish actress (b. 1831)
  • February 4 – Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker, inventor of the saxophone (b. 1814)
  • February 5 – Auguste Vaillant, French anarchist (b. 1861) (executed)
  • February 6 – Maria Deraismes, French feminist (b. 1828)
  • February 8 – Robert Michael Ballantyne, Scottish novelist (b. 1825)[10]
  • February 11 – Margaret Henley, English inspiration for the name Wendy in Peter Pan (b. 1888)
  • February 12 – Hans von Bülow, German conductor, pianist and composer (b. 1830)
  • February 14 – Myra Bradwell, American lawyer, political activist, (b. 1831)
    • John T. Ford, American theatre manager (b. 1829)
  • February 15 – May Brookyn, American actress (b. 1854/1859)
  • February 21 – Gustave Caillebotte, French painter (b. 1848)
  • February 27
    • Hilarión Daza, President of Bolivia (assassinated) (b. 1840)
    • Carl Schmidt, Baltic German chemist (b. 1822)
  • March 2
    • Jubal Early, American Confederate general (b. 1816)
    • William H. Osborn, American railroad executive (b. 1820)
  • March 3 – Ned Williamson, American baseball player (b. 1857)
  • March 20 – Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian politician (b. 1802)
  • March 30 – Jane Goodwin Austin, American popular story writer (b. 1831)
  • April 1 – Remigio Morales Bermúdez, 19th President of Peru (b. 1836)
  • April 8 – Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Bengali poet (b. 1838)
  • May 12 – Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia, granddaughter of Tsar Paul I (b. 1827)
  • May 19 – Caroline Mehitable Fisher Sawyer, American biographier (b. 1812)
  • June 3 – Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal, German jurist, expert on Byzantine law (b. 1812)
  • June 7 – King Hassan I of Morocco (b. 1836)
  • June 8 –William M. Dalton, American Old West outlaw (b. 1866)[11]
  • June 23
    • Marietta Alboni, Italian opera singer (b. 1826)
    • Władysław Czartoryski, Polish political activist and art collector (b. 1828)
  • July 24 – George Peter Alexander Healy, American portrait painter (b. 1813)
  • June 25
    • Marie François Sadi Carnot, French statesman (assassinated) (b. 1837)
    • Charles Romley Alder Wright, British chemist who synthesized heroin (b. 1844)
  • June 27 – Giorgio Costantino Schinas, Maltese architect and civil engineer (b. 1834)

July–December
Hermann von Helmholtz
Mary Jane Patterson
Robert Louis Stevenson
Christina Rossetti

Date unknown
  • Cynthia Roberts Gorton, blind American poet and author (b. 1826)
  • Paul Lecreux, French sculptor (b. c. 1826)

References
  1. A New Modern History of East Asia, ed. by Eckhardt Fuchs, et al. (Gottingen: V&R unipress, 2017) p106
  2. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 321–322. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  3. "Landslides". Get Prepared. Public Safety Canada. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  4. "History of Saint-Alban". Saint Alban (in French). City of Saint Alban. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  5. Rosenberg, Chaim M. (2008). America at the Fair: Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. Arcadia Publishing.
  6. Nish, Ian H. (2013). The Anglo-Japanese Alliance: The Diplomacy of Two Island Empires 1984-1907. A&C Black. p. 10.
  7. Minimum-wage Legislation in the United States and Foreign Countries, ed. by Charles Henry Verrill (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1915) p168
  8. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brazileiro (Imprensa Nacional, 1906) p348
  9. Smith, Barry (1994). Peter Warlock: The Life of Philip Heseltine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 0-19-816310-X.
  10. Rennie, Neil (2004). "Ballantyne, Robert Michael (1825–1894)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1232. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  11. William “Bill” Dalton (1866-1894)
  12. "Walter Pater", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  13. "Walter Pater", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  14. Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  15. "JUAN N. MÉNDEZ" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  16. Gosse, Edmund William (1911). "Stevenson, Robert Lewis Balfour" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 907–910.
  17. Gosse, Edmund William (1911). "Rossetti, Christina Georgina" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). pp. 746–747.

Sources
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