1271

Year 1271 (MCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1271 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1271
MCCLXXI
Ab urbe condita2024
Armenian calendar720
ԹՎ ՉԻ
Assyrian calendar6021
Balinese saka calendar1192–1193
Bengali calendar678
Berber calendar2221
English Regnal year55 Hen. 3  56 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar1815
Burmese calendar633
Byzantine calendar6779–6780
Chinese calendar庚午年 (Metal Horse)
3967 or 3907
     to 
辛未年 (Metal Goat)
3968 or 3908
Coptic calendar987–988
Discordian calendar2437
Ethiopian calendar1263–1264
Hebrew calendar5031–5032
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1327–1328
 - Shaka Samvat1192–1193
 - Kali Yuga4371–4372
Holocene calendar11271
Igbo calendar271–272
Iranian calendar649–650
Islamic calendar669–670
Japanese calendarBun'ei 8
(文永8年)
Javanese calendar1181–1182
Julian calendar1271
MCCLXXI
Korean calendar3604
Minguo calendar641 before ROC
民前641年
Nanakshahi calendar−197
Thai solar calendar1813–1814
Tibetan calendar阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
1397 or 1016 or 244
     to 
阴金羊年
(female Iron-Goat)
1398 or 1017 or 245
Map during Lord Edward's Crusade
Pope Gregory X (c. 1210–1276)

Events

Europe

  • July 2 Peace of Pressburg: Kings Ottokar II and Stephen V sign a peace agreement at Pressburg, settling territorial claims, following the failed invasion of Hungary by Ottokar in April. In the agreement, Stephen promises not to support Ottokar's opponents in Carinthia, and Ottokar renounces the castles he and his partisans occupy in Hungary.[1]
  • The 17-year-old Marco Polo departs from Venice, with his father and uncle Niccolò and Maffeo Polo, to set off for Asia, to meet Mongolian emperor Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan), at his court in Beijing, China. They sail across the Mediterranean Sea and travel overland, crossing Armenia, Persia, and the Pamir Mountains.[2]
  • August 21 The counties of Poitou and Toulouse are absorbed into the French domains following the death of Alphonse of Poitiers, son of the late King Louis VIII (the Lion).[3]
  • Construction of the Tower of Kamyenyets (or the White Tower) in Belarus begins. Later, it becomes a frontier stronghold on the northern border of Volhynia.

Levant

  • February Mamluk forces led by Sultan Baibars continue their territorial expansion in western Syria and appear before Safita Castle (called the White Castle) built by the Knights Templar. After a heroic defense, the small garrison is advised by Grand Master Thomas Bérard to surrender. The survivors are allowed to withdraw to Tortosa.[4]
  • April 8 Siege of Krak des Chevaliers: Mamluk forces under Baibars capture the strategically important castle Krak des Chevaliers from the Knights Hospitaller. During the siege the defenders receive a letter, supposedly from Grand Master Hugues de Revel, to surrender the castle. Under safe-conduct the Hospitallers retreat to Tripoli.[5]
  • MayJune Baibars conducts an unsuccessful siege of Tripoli, and also fails in an attempted naval invasion of Cyprus. He sends an Egyptian fleet (some 20 ships) to Limassol, while King Hugh III (the Great) has left for Acre. Due to bad weather and seamanship, 11 ships run aground and the crews fall into the hands of the Cypriots.[6]
  • May 9 Prince Edward (the Lord Edward) and King Charles I of Anjou arrive in Acre, with a fleet of 30 galleys, starting the Ninth Crusade against Baibars. During the Crusade they are unable to capture any territory and peace is quickly negotiated with the Mamluk Sultanate. Baibars consolidates his occupation in Syria.[7]
  • October Abaqa Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate, detaches some 10,000 horsemen from Anatolia to support Edward I (the Lord Edward) in his war against Baibars. They invade Syria and defeat Mamluk forces who protect the region around Aleppo. The Mongols plunder the cities of Maarat al-Numan and Apamea.[8]

Asia

  • September 12 Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist priest, is arrested by a band of soldiers and nearly beheaded. This incident, known as Hosshaku Kenpon or "casting off the transient and revealing the true," is regarded as a turning point of Nichiren's teachings within the various schools, known as Nichiren Buddhism.[9]
  • December 18 Kublai Khan renames his empire "Great Yuan" (大元; dà yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty in China.
  • The Nakhi Kingdom, of the northern Himalayan foothills, is annexed by the Yuan Dynasty (approximate date).

Religion

Births

  • March 13 Judith of Habsburg, queen of Bohemia (d. 1297)
  • March 14 Stephen I, German nobleman and regent (d. 1310)
  • May 25 Shah Jalal, Indian Sufi leader and mystic (d. 1346)
  • June 20 John de Ferrers, English nobleman (d. 1312)
  • September 8 Charles Martel, king of Hungary (d. 1295)
  • September 27 Wenceslaus II, king of Poland (d. 1305)
  • November 2 Gong of Song, Chinese emperor (d. 1323)
  • November 5 Mahmud Ghazan, Mongol ruler (d. 1304)
  • Awhadi Maraghai, Persian poet and mystic (d. 1338)
  • Blanche of Brittany, French noblewoman (d. 1327)
  • Cheng Duanli, Chinese scholar and poet (d. 1345)
  • Cormac MacCarthy Mor, king of Desmond (d. 1359)
  • Eifuku Mon'in, Japanese empress consort (d. 1342)
  • Elizabeth of Aragon, queen of Portugal (d. 1336)
  • Maurice de Berkeley, English nobleman (d. 1326)
  • Mikhail Yaroslavich, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1318)
  • Nijō Tamemichi, Japanese poet and writer (d. 1299)
  • Sargis II, Georgian nobleman and prince (d. 1334)
  • Sunbi Heo, wife of Chungseon of Goryeo (d. 1335)

Deaths

  • January 17 Joan of Chiny, French noblewoman (b. 1205)
  • January 28 Isabella of Aragon, queen of France (b. 1248)
  • February 9 Beatrix of Merania, German princess (b. 1210)
  • March 13 Henry of Cornwall, English nobleman (b. 1235)
  • March 21 Ibn Sab'in, Andalusian philosopher and mystic
  • April 17 Isabella of France, queen of Navarre (b. 1241)
  • July 1 Bartholomew of Braganca, Italian friar and bishop
  • July 28 Walter de Burgh (or Bourke), Norman nobleman
  • August 21 Alphonse, son of Louis VIII (the Lion) (b. 1220)
  • August 25 Joan of Toulouse, French noblewoman (b. 1220)
  • September 1 Annibaldo degli Annibaldi, Italian theologian
  • September 9 Yaroslav III, Kievan Grand Prince (b. 1230)
  • October 17 Steinvör Sighvatsdóttir, Icelandic female poet
  • October 19 Philip Basset, English chief justiciar (b. 1185)
  • Al-Mansur al-Hasan, Yemeni imam and politician (b. 1199)
  • Arnaldo de Peralta, Aragonese archbishop and statesman
  • Constantine Palaiologos, Byzantine nobleman and co-ruler
  • Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq, Mongol ruler of the Chagatai Khanate
  • Haji Bektash Veli, Persian philosopher and mystic (b. 1209)
  • Henry of Segusio, Italian jurist and cardinal-bishop (b. 1200)
  • Lauretta of Saarbrücken, German noblewoman and regent
  • Maria of Chernigov, Kievan princess and regent (b. 1212)
  • Richard de Grey, English nobleman, constable and knight
  • Roger de Leybourne, English nobleman and High Sheriff
  • Stephen the Posthumous, Hungarian pretender (b. 1236)
  • Vardan Areveltsi, Armenian historian and writer (b. 1198)

References

  1. Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526, p. 107. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
  2. Polo, Marco & Rustichello of Pisa (2004). The Travels of Marco Polo – Volume 1, p. 19. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
  3. Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 146. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  4. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 278. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  5. Kennedy, Hugh (1994). Crusader Castles, pp. 148–150. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42068-7.
  6. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 279. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  7. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 279. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  8. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 280. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  9. Dictionary of Buddhism, http://www.nichirenlibrary.org Accessed 2015-03-26. Archived 2015-03-30.
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