Apicomplexa

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Harosa
Infraregnum: Alveolata
Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Apicomplexa
Infraphyla: Apicomonada - Sporozoa

Overview of subtaxa

Classes: Aconoidasida Apicomonadea Conoidasida

Classes (Synonymy): Coccidea Gregarinea Gregarinasina

Ordo (incertae sedis): Chromerida

Genera (incertae sedis): Cristalloidophora  Echinococcidium  Elleipsisoma  Joyeuxella  Nephromonas  Paralecudina  Polyplicarium  Solenococcidium  Spiromonas  Trophosphaera

Name

Apicomplexa Levine, 1970

Synonyms or similar groups:

  • Sporozoa Leuckart, 1879 sensu stricto
  • Euspora Levine, 1961
  • Polannulifera Levine, 1969

Vernacular names

čeština: Výtrusovci
eesti: Tippeosprotistid

References

  • Cavalier-Smith, T. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa, Europ. J. Protistol. 39, 338-348 (2003).
  • Cavalier-Smith, T. and Chao, E. E. Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.), Europ. J. Protistol. 40, 185-212 (2004).
  • Levine, N. D. 1961. Problems in the Systematics of the “Sporozoa”. The Journal of Protozoology, 8(4), 442-451, .
  • Levine, N. D. 1969. Taxonomy of the sporozoa. Progress in Protozoology, III Internat. Cong. Protozool. 365-367, .
  • Schaudinn, F. 1900. Untersuchungen über den Generationswechsel bei Coccidien. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat. 13:197–292
  • Votýpka J., Modrý D., Oborník M., Šlapeta J., Lukeš J. (2016). Apicomplexa. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1–58. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_20-1

Alternative classifications

Levine (1970)

Levine, N.D. (1970). Taxonomy of the Sporozoa. J. Parasitol. 56 (4, Sect. 2, Part 1: Supplement: Proceedings Of the Second International Congress of Parasitology): 208–9, .

In phylum Protozoa

Levine et al. (1980)

From N. D. Levine; J. O. Corliss; F. E. G. Cox; G. Deroux; J. Grain; B. M. Honigberg; G. F. Leedale; A. R. Loeblich, III; J. Lom; D. Lynn; E. G. Merinfeld; F. C. Page; G. Poljansky; V. Sprague; J. Vavra; and F. G. Wallace (1980). A newly revised classification of the Protozoa. J. Protozool., 27:37–58, , .

Subkingdom Protozoa

Corliss (1984)

From The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla .

Kingdom Protista Haeckel, 1866

Levine (1988)

Levine, N. D. (1988). The protozoan phylum Apicomplexa. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2 vols., 357 pp.

Phylum Apicomplexa

Euzéby (1988)

Euzéby, J. (1988). Apicomplexa, 2: Hémosporidioses, Fascicule 1: Plasmodiidés, Haemoproteidés "Piroplasmes" (caractères généraux). In: Protozoologie Médicale Comparée 3. Fondation Marcel Merieux.

Apicomplexa

Vivier & Desportes, in Margulis et al. (1990)

Vivier, E. & Desportes, I., 1990. 30. Phylum Apicomplexa. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 549-573. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .

Kingdom Protoctista

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla

Roberts & Janovy (1996)

Roberts, L. & Janovy, J. (1996). Foundations of Parasitology (5th ed.). Dubuque IA: Wm. C. Brown.

Perkins et al., in Lee at al. (2000)

Perkins, F.O., Barta, J.R., Clopton, R.E., Peirce, M.A. & Upton, S.J. 2000. Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 190-369, . See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .

General view

In “protozoa”, “alveolates

Class Perkinsasida

In “protozoa”, “alveolates

Class Conoidasida

Subclass Gregarinasina
Order Archigregarinorida
Order Eugregarinorida
        • Order Eugregarinorida Léger, 1900 [chapter by Clopton]
          • Suborder Blastogregarinorina Chatton & Villeneuve, 1936
          • Suborder Aseptatorina Chakravarty, 1960
            • Family Selenidiidae Brasil, 1907
            • Family Lecudinidae Kamm, 1922
            • Family Urosporidae Léger, 1892
            • Family Aikinetocystidae Bhatia, 1930
              • Genus Aikinetocystis Gates, 1926
              • Genus Nellocystis Gates, 1933
            • Family Monocystidae Bütschli, 1882
              • Subfamily Monocystinae (Bütschli, 1882) Bhatia, 1930
                • Genus Monocystis von Stein, 1848
                • Genus Nematocystis Hesse, 1909
                • Genus Rhabdocystis Boldt, 1910
                • Genus Apolocystis Cognetti de Martiis, 1923
                • Genus Cephalocystis Rees, 1962
                • Genus Trigonepimerus Sciacchitano, 1932
                • Genus Mastocystis Boisson, 1957
              • Subfamily Zygocystinae Bhatia, 1930
                • Genus Zygocystis von Stein, 1848
                • Genus Adelphocystis Cox, 1967
                • Genus Pleurocystis Hesse, 1909
              • Subfamily Rhynchocystinae Bhatia, 1939
                • Genus Rhynchocystis Hesse, 1909
                • Genus Dirhynchocystis Cognetti de Martiis, 1921
                • Genus Grayallia Setna, 1927
              • Subfamily Stomatophorinae Bhatia, 1930
                • Genus Stomatophora Drzhevetskii, 1907
                • Genus Craterocystis Cognetti de Martiis, 1918
                • Genus Astrocystella Cognetti de Martiis, 1918
                • Genus Albertisella Cognetti de Martiis, 1926
                • Genus Beccaricystis Cognetti de Martiis, 1926
                • Genus Parachoanocystoides de Saedeleer, 1930
                • Genus Choanocystoides Cognetti de Martiis, 1925
                • Genus Zeylanocystis Dissanaike, 1953
                • Genus Arborocystis Rees & Howell, 1966
                • Genus Chakravartiella Misra & Raychaudhury, 1973
              • Subfamily Oligochaetocystinae Meier, 1956
                • Genus Oligochaetocystis Meier, 1956
                • Genus Echiurocystis Levine, 1977
                • Genus Neomonocystis Geus, 1969
                • Genus Acarogregarina Levine, 1977
            • Family Diplocystidae Bhatia, 1930
            • Family Allantocystidae Bhatia, 1930
              • Genus Allantocystis Keilin, 1920
            • Family Schaudinnellidae Poche, 1913
              • Genus Schaudinnella Nusbaum, 1903
            • Family Enterocystidae M. Codreanu, 1940
            • Family Ganymedidae Huxley, 1910
          • Suborder Septatorina Lankester, 1885
            • Superfamily Porosporicae Chakravarty, 1960
            • Superfamily Gregarinicae Chakravarty, 1960
              • Family Cephaloidophoridae Kamm, 1922
              • Family Cephalolobidae Théodoridès & Desportes, 1975
                • Genus Cephalolobus Kruse, 1959
                • Genus Callynthrochlamys Frenzel, 1885
              • Family Uradiophoridae Grassé, 1953
              • Family Gregarinidae Labbé, 1899
                • Genus Gregarina Dufour, 1828
                • Genus Gymnospora Moniez, 1886
                • Genus Triseptata H. Hoshide, 1958
                • Genus Gamocystis Schneider, 1875
                • Genus Anisolobus Vincent, 1924
                • Genus Anisoloboides Théodoridès, 1992
                • Genus Garnhamia Crusz, 1957
                • Genus Torogregarina Geus, 1969
                • Genus Faucispora Baudoin, 1967
                • Genus Spinispora Baudoin, 1967
                • Genus Bolivia Corbel, 1968
                • Genus Cirrigregarina Levine, 1979
                • Genus Molluskocystis Levine, 1979
              • Family Metameridae Levine, 1979
              • Family Didymophyidae Léger, 1892
              • Family Hirmocystidae Grassé, 1953
                • Genus Hirmocystis Labbé, 1899
                • Genus Neohirmocystis Ghose et al., 1986
                • Genus Hyalospora Schneider, 1875
                • Genus Tettigonospora L.M. Smith, 1930
                • Genus Dumbbellicephalus Bala & Kaur, 1988
                • Genus Euspora Schneider, 1875
                • Genus Tintinospora H. Hoshide, 1959
                • Genus Arachnocystis Levine, 1979
                • Genus Acanthogregarina Kalavati et al., 1988
                • Genus Protomagalhaensia Pinto, 1918
                • Genus Eliptocystis Sengupta et al., 1991
                • Genus Pintospora Carini, 1944
                • Genus Endomycola Théodoridès et al., 1972
                • Genus Retractocephalus Haldar & Chakraborty, 1976
                • Genus Liposcelisus Sarkar & Haldar, 1980
                • Genus Quadruhyalodiscus Kundu & Haldar, 1984
            • Superfamily Stenophoricae Levine, 1984
              • Family Stenophoridae Léger & Duboscq, 1904
                • Genus Stenophora Labbé, 1899
                • Genus Fonsecaia Pinto, 1918
                • Genus Hyalosporina Chakravarty, 1935
              • Family Leidyanidae Kudo, 1954
                • Genus Leidyana Watson, 1915
              • Family Cnemidosporidae Grassé, 1953
                • Genus Cnemidospora Schneider, 1882
              • Family Monoductidae Ray & Chakravarty, 1933
                • Genus Monoductus Ray & Chakravarty, 1933
                • Genus Stenoductus Ramachandran, 1976
                • Genus Phleobum Haldar & Chakraborty, 1974
              • Family Sphaerocystidae Chakravarty, 1960
                • Genus Sphaerocystis Léger, 1892
                • Genus Schneideria Léger, 1892
                • Genus Paraschneideria Nieschulz, 1924
                • Genus Neoschneideria Ormières, Manier & Mathiez, 1965
              • Family Trichorhynchidae Ormières et al., 1977
                • Genus Trichorhynchus Schneider, 1882
              • Family Dactylophoridae Léger, 1892
                • Genus Dactylophorus Balbiani, 1899
                • Genus Echinomera Labbé, 1899
                • Genus Grebnickiella Bhatia, 1938
                • Genus Rhopalonia Léger, 1894
                • Genus Acutispora Crawley, 1903
                • Genus Seticephalus Kamm, 1922
                • Genus Dendrorhynchus Keilin, 1920
                • Genus Mecistophora Ganapati & Narasimhamurti, 1960
              • Family Amphiplatysporidae Kundu & Haldar, 1984
                • Genus Amphiplatyspora Kundu & Halder, 1985
              • Family Stylocephalidae Ellis, 1912
                • Genus Stylocephalus Ellis, 1912
                • Genus Stylocephaloides Théodoridès, Desportes & Jolivet, 1965
                • Genus Cystocephalus Schneider, 1886
                • Genus Bulbocephalus Watson, 1917
                • Genus Xiphocephalus Théodoridès, 1964 emend. Corbel, 1971
                • Genus Lophocephalus Labbé, 1899
                • Genus Lophocephaloides Théodoridès, Desportes & Jolivet, 1965
                • Genus Sphaerorhynchus Labbé, 1899
                • Genus Oocephalus Schneider, 1886
                • Genus Campanacephalus Théodoridès, 1955
                • Genus Clavicephalus Théodoridès, 1960
                • Genus Cystocephaloides Théodoridès & Jolivet, 1963
                • Genus Orbocephalus Nelson, 1970
                • Genus Lepismatophila Adams & Travis, 1935
                • Genus Colepismatophila Adams & Travis, 1935
              • Family Actinocephalidae Léger, 1892
                • Subfamily Actinocephalinae (Léger, 1892) Léger, 1899
                  • Genus Actinocephalus von Stein, 1848
                  • Genus Caulocephalus Bhatia & Setna, 1924
                  • Genus Cornimeritus H. Hoshide, 1959
                  • Genus Umbracephalus H. Hoshide, 1959
                  • Genus Urnaepimeritus H. Hoshide, 1959
                  • Genus Asterophora Léger, 1892
                  • Genus Pileocephalus Schneider, 1875
                  • Genus Gemmicephalus Baudoin, 1967
                  • Genus Pilidiophora Baudoin, 1967
                  • Genus Geneiorhynchus Schneider, 1875
                  • Genus Acanthoepimeritus H. Hoshide, 1959
                  • Genus Phialoides Labbé, 1899
                  • Genus Legeria Labbé, 1899
                  • Genus Pyxinia Hammerschmidt, 1838
                  • Genus Discorhyncus Labbé, 1899
                  • Genus Steinina Léger & Duboscq, 1904
                  • Genus Bothriopsides Strand, 1928
                  • Genus Pomania Baudoin, 1967
                  • Genus Stictospora Léger, 1893
                  • Genus Coleorhynchus Labbé, 1899
                  • Genus Amphoroides Labbé, 1899
                  • Genus Stylocystis Léger, 1899
                  • Genus Taeniocystis Léger, 1905
                  • Genus Sciadiophora Labbé, 1899
                  • Genus Anthorhynchus Labbé, 1899
                  • Genus Agrippina Strickland, 1912
                  • Genus Globulocephalus Baudoin, 1965
                  • Genus Alaspora Obata, 1954
                  • Genus Ascocephalus Obata, 1954
                  • Genus Amphorocephalus Ellis, 1913
                  • Genus Tricystis Hamon, 1951
                  • Genus Thalicola Ormières, 1965
                  • Genus Epicavus Ormières & Daumal, 1970
                  • Genus Gryllotalpia Hasselmann, 1926
                  • Genus Chilogregarina Levine, 1979
                  • Genus Crucocephalus Sarkar, 1984
                  • Genus Harendraia Sarkar, 1984
                  • Genus Levinea Kori, 1985
                • Subfamily Acanthosporinae Léger, 1892
                  • Genus Acanthospora Léger, 1892
                  • Genus Grenoblia Hasselmann, 1927
                  • Genus Corycella Léger, 1892
                  • Genus Ancyrophora Léger, 1892
                  • Genus Rhizionella Baudoin, 1971
                  • Genus Cometoides Labbé, 1899
                  • Genus Prismatospora Ellis, 1914
                  • Genus Nubenocephalus Clopton, Percival & Janovy, 1993
                  • Genus Tetraedrospora Tschudovskaia, 1928
                  • Genus Ramicephalus Obata, 1953
                  • Genus Coronoepimeritus H. Hoshide, 1959
                  • Genus Dinematospora Tuzet & Ormières, 1954
                  • Genus Doliospora Ormières & Baudoin, 1969
                  • Genus Acanthosporidium Georgévitch, 1951
                  • Genus Cosmetophilus Cockendolpher, 1991
                  • Genus Contospora Devdhar & Amoji, 1978
                  • Genus Tetractinospora Sarkar & Haldar, 1981
                  • Genus Echinoocysta Levine, 1984
                  • Genus Mukundaella Sarkar, 1981
                  • Genus Tetrameridionospinospora Kori & Amoji, 1985
                • Subfamily Menosporinae Léger, 1892
                  • Genus Menospora Léger, 1892
                  • Genus Hoplorhynchus Carus, 1863
                  • Genus Odonaticola Sarkar & Haldar, 1981
                  • Genus Domadracunculus Clopton, 1995
                  • Genus Steganorhynchus Percival, Clopton & Janovy, 1995
              • Family Brustiophoridae Kundu & Haldar, 1981
                • Genus Brustiospora Kundu & Haldar, 1981
              • Family Acutidae Stejskal, 1965
                • Genus Acuta Stejskal, 1965
                • Genus Apigregarina Stejskal, 1965
              • Family Monoicidae Geus, 1969
                • Genus Monoica M. Stejskal, 1964
            • Superfamily Fusionicae Stejskal, 1965
              • Family Fusionidae Stejskal, 1965
                • Genus Fusiona M. Stejskal, 1965
Order Neogregarinorida
        • Order Neogregarinorida Grassé, 1953 [chapter by Perkins]
          • Family Gigaductidae Filipponi, 1948
            • Genus Gigaductus Crawley, 1903
          • Family Caulleryellidae Keilin, 1914
            • Genus Caulleryella Keilin, 1914
            • Genus Tipulocystis Kramár, 1950
          • Family Ophryocystidae Léger & Duboscq, 1908
            • Genus Ophryocystis Schneider, 1883
          • Family Syncystidae Schneider, 1886
          • Family Schizocystidae Léger & Duboscq, 1908
            • Genus Schizocystis Léger, 1900
            • Genus Machadoella Reichenow, 1935
            • Genus Lymphotropha Ashford, 1965
          • Family Lipotrophidae Grassé, 1953
            • Genus Lipocystis Grell, 1938
            • Genus Mattesia Naville, 1930
            • Genus Menzbieria Bogoyavlenskaya, 1922
            • Genus Farinocystis Weiser, 1953
            • Genus Lipotropha Keilin, 1923
Subclass Coccidiasina
Order Agamococcidiorida
Order Ixorheorida
        • Order Ixorheorida [chapter by Perkins]
          • Family Ixorheidae Levine, 1984
            • Genus Ixorheis Massin, Jangoux & Sibuet, 1978
Order Protococcidiorida
Order Eucoccidiorida
Suborder Adeleorina
        • Order Eucoccidiorida [chapter by Perkins]
          • Suborder Adeleorina [chapter by Barta]
            • Family Adeleidae Mesnil, 1903
              • Genus Adelea Schneider, 1875
              • Genus Adelina Hesse, 1911
              • Genus Klossia Schneider, 1875
              • Genus Orcheobius Schuberg & Kunze, 1906
              • Genus Chagasella Machado, 1912
              • Genus Ithania Ludwig, 1947
              • Genus Rasajeyna Beesley, 1977
              • Genus Ganapatiella Kalavati, 1977
              • Genus Gibbsia Levine, 1986
            • Family Legerellidae Minchin, 1903
              • Genus Legerella Mesnil, 1900
            • Family Klossiellidae Smith & Johnson, 1902
              • Genus Klossiella Smith & Johnson, 1902
            • Family Hepatozoidae Wenyon, 1926
            • Family Haemogregarinidae (Neveu-Lemaire) Léger, 1911
            • Family Karyolysidae Wenyon, 1926
              • Genus Karyolysus Labbé, 1894
              • Genus Hemolivia Petit, Landau, Baccam & Lainson, 1990
            • Family Dactylosomatidae Jakowska & Nigrelli, 1955
Suborder Eimeriorina
          • Suborder Eimeriorina [chapter by Upton]
            • Family Spirocystidae Léger & Duboscq, 1915
              • Genus Spirocystis Léger & Duboscq, 1911
            • Family Selenococcidiidae Poche, 1913
            • Family Aggregatidae Labbé, 1899
            • Family Cryptosporidiidae Léger, 1911
            • Family Lankesterellidae Nöller, 1920
              • Genus Lankesterella Labbé, 1899
              • Genus Schellackia Reichenow, 1919
            • Family Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903
              • Genus Atoxoplasma Garnham, 1950
              • Genus Barrouxia Schneider, 1885
              • Genus Caryospora Léger, 1904
              • Genus Caryotropha Siedlecki, 1902
              • Genus Cyclospora Schneider, 1881
              • Genus Diaspora Léger, 1898
              • Genus Dorisa Levine, 1980
              • Genus Dorisiella Ray, 1930
              • Genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875
              • Genus Grasseella Tuzet & Ormières, 1960
              • Genus Isospora Schneider, 1881
              • Genus Mantonella Vincent, 1936
              • Genus Ovivora Mackinnon & Ray, 1937
              • Genus Pfeifferinella von Wasielewski, 1904
              • Genus Pseudoklossia Léger & Duboscq, 1915
              • Genus Tyzzeria Allen, 1936
              • Genus Wenyonella Hoare, 1933
              • ?Genus Gousseffia Levine, 1980
              • ?Genus Hoarella Arcay de Peraza, 1963
              • ?Genus Octosporella Ray & Raghavachari, 1942
              • ?Genus Polysporella McQuistion, 1990
              • ?Genus Pythonella Ray & Das Gupta, 1937
              • ?Genus Sivatoshella Ray & Sarkar, 1968
              • ?Genus Skrjabinella Matschoulsky, 1949
            • Family Calyptosporiidae Overstreet et al., 1984
            • Family Sarcocystidae Poche, 1913
              • Subfamily Sarcocystinae Poche, 1913
              • Subfamily Toxoplasmatinae Biocca, 1957
              • Family Elleipsisomatidae Upton, 2000

Class Aconoidasida

Order Haemospororida
    • Class Aconoidasida Mehlhorn, Peters, and Haberkorn, 1980
      • Order Haemospororida [chapter by Peirce]
        • Family Plasmodiidae Mesnil, 1903
          • Genus Plasmodium Marchiafava & Celli, 1885
          • Genus Billbraya Paperna & Landau, 1990
          • Genus Nycteria Garnham & Heisch, 1953
          • Genus Polychromophilus Dionisi, 1899
          • Genus Dionisia Landau et al., 1980
          • Genus Mesnilium Misra et al., 1972
          • Genus Hepatocystis Levaditi & Schoen, 1932
          • Genus Rayella Das Gupta, 1967
          • Genus Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890
          • Genus Leucocytozoon Sambon, 1908
          • Genus Saurocytozoon Lainson & Shaw, 1969
Order Piroplasmorida

Incertae sedis

Adl et al. (2012)

Adl, S. M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, .

Eukaryota

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, .

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