Ciliophora

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Harosa
Infraregnum: Alveolata
Phylum: Ciliophora
Subphyla: Intramacronucleata – Postciliodesmatophora – Ciliophora incertae sedis

Classes (nomen dubium): Kinetofragminophora – Polyhymenophora

Name

Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Synonyms

  • Ciliata Perty, 1852
  • Infusoria sensu Bütschli, 1887-1889
  • Ciliophyceae Rothmaler, 1951

References

  • Aescht, E. (2001). Catalogue of the generic names of ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Denisia 1: 1–350, .
  • Bick, H. (1972). Ciliated protozoa: an illustrated guide to the species used as biological indicators in freshwater biology. Geneva: World Health Organization, 198 p., .
  • Foissner, W., & Berger, H. (1996). A user‐friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by hydrobiologists as bioindicators in rivers, lakes, and waste waters, with notes on their ecology. Freshwater Biology, 35(2), 375-482, .
  • Lynn, D.H. (2016). Ciliophora. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-52. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_23-1
  • Warren, A. 2011. Ciliophora. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11 on 2016-03-17

Additional references

Vernacular names

беларуская: Інфузорыі
English: Ciliates
eesti: Ripsloomad, Tsiliaadid
français: Ciliés
For more multimedia, look at Ciliophora on Wikimedia Commons.


Alternative classifications

Perty (1852)

From Kleinster Lebensformen, , .

Saville-Kent (1880-1882)

Saville-Kent, W. (1880-1882). A manual of Infusoria. London, vol. 1 (see p. 211 ), vol. 2 and vol. 3.

Sub-kingdom Protozoa

Bütschli (1887-1889)

Bütschli, O. 1887-89. Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band: Protozoa. Abt. III, Infusoria und System der Radiolaria. C.F. Winter: Leipzig, .

Phylum Protozoa

Kalberlah & Schoenichen (1900)

Kalberlah, A. & Schoenichen, W. B. (1900). Eyferth's Einfachste Lebensformen des Tier- und Pflanzenreiches: Naturgeschichte der mikroskopischen Süsswasserbewohner. 3rd ed. Braunschweig: B. Goeritz, .

Doflein (1901)

Doflein, F. (1901). Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger, 1st ed. Further editions: Lehrbuch der Protozoenkunde.

Kahl (1930-1935)

Kahl, A. (1930–35). Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). In: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 18, (Ed. F. Dahl). 4 vols. G. Fischer, Jena, , .

Patterson, D.J. (1978). Kahl's Keys to the Ciliates. Translation of the keys from Wimpertiere oder Ciliata. 1978, University of Bristol, .

Fauré-Fremiet (1950)

Fauré-Fremiet, E. (1950). Morphologie comparée et systèmatique des Ciliés. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 75: 109–122, . See Lynn (2008), .

Kudo (1954)

From Protozoology, 4th ed., .

Phylum Protozoa Goldfuss

Honigberg et al. (1964)

In Phylum Protozoa
Subphylum Ciliophora
Class Ciliatea

Corliss (1979)

Corliss, J. O. (1979). The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literautre, 2nd ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York, 455 pp., (1st ed: 1961, ).

Phylum Ciliophora

John O. Corliss (1984)

From The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla

In Kingdom Protista
Assemblage "Ciliates"
Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis (1986)

Dragesco, J. & Dragesco-Kernéis, A. 1986. Ciliés libres de l’Afrique intertropicale: introduction a la connaissance et à l’étude des ciliés. Orstom, Paris, .

Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Foissner & Foissner (1988)

Foissner, W., & I. Foissner (1988) Stamm: Ciliophora. Catalogus Faunae Austriae, Part Ic. - Osterr. Acad. Wiss., Vienna. 150pp., .

Stamm: Ciliophora

Lynn & Small, in Margulis et al. (1990)

Lynn, D.H. & Small, E.B., 1990. 28. Phylum Ciliophora. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 498-523. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .

Kingdom Protoctista

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla

In Kingdom Protozoa, Subkingdom Dictyozoa, Branch Bikonta, Infrakingdom Neozoa, Parvkingdom Alveolata
Superphylum Heterokaryota Hickson, 1903 stat. nov.
Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 stat. nov. Copeland, 1956 emend. auct.

de Puytorac (1994)

Puytorac, P. de. (1994). Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: P. de Puytorac (Ed.). Traité de zoologie. Infusoires ciliés (Vol. 2, pp. 1-15). Paris: Masson, , . See Lynn (2008),

Animalia

Cavalier-Smith (1998)

From A revised six-kingdom system of life

In Kingdom Protozoa, Subkingdom Neozoa, Infrakingdom Alveolata
Superphylum Heterokaryota Hickson 1903 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1993
Phylum Ciliophora Doflein 1901 stat. nov. Copeland 1956 em. auct.

Lynn & Small, in Lee et al. (2000)

Lynn, D.H. & Small, E.B. 2000. Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 371-656, . See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .

Class Karyorelictea

In “protozoa”, “alveolates”

Class Heterotrichea

Class Spirotrichea

Class Litostomatea

      • Class Litostomatea Small & Lynn, 1981
        • Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974
        • Subclass Trichostomatia Bütschli, 1889
          • Order Vestibuliferida de Puytorac et al., 1974
            • Family Paraisotrichidae da Cunha, 1917
              • Genus Paraisotricha Fiorentini, 1890
            • Family Isotrichidae Bütschli, 1889
              • Genus Dasytricha Schuberg, 1888
              • Genus Isotricha Stein, 1859
            • Family Balantidiidae Reichenow, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
            • Family Pycnotrichidae Poche, 1913
              • Genus Vestibulongum Grim, 1988
          • Order Entodiniomorphida Reichenow, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
            • Suborder Archistomatina de Puytorac et al., 1974
              • Family Buetschliidae Poche, 1913
                • Genus Wolskana Ito et al., 1996
                • Genus Polymorphella Corliss, 1960
                • Genus Didesmis Fiorentini, 1890
                • Genus Alloiozona Hsiung, 1930
            • Suborder Blepharocorythina Wolska, 1971
              • Family Blepharocorythidae Hsiung, 1929
                • Genus Circodinium Wolska, 1971
                • Genus Raabena Wolska, 1967
                • Genus Blepharocorys Bundle, 1895
                • Genus Ochoterenaia Chavarr
            • Suborder Entodiniomorphina Reichenow, in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
                • Family Ophryoscolecidae Stein, 1859
                  • Genus Entodinium Stein, 1859
                  • Genus Ophryoscolex Stein, 1859
                  • Genus Eudiplodinium Dogiel, 1927
                  • Genus Ostracodinium Dogiel, 1927
                  • Genus Enoploplastron Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932
                • Family Cycloposthiidae Poche, 1913
                  • Genus Cycloposthium Bundle, 1895
                  • Genus Triplumaria Hoare, 1937
                  • Genus Prototapirella da Cunha, 1918
                • Family Spirodiniidae Strelkow, 1939
                  • Genus Cochliatoxum Gassovsky, 1919
                • Family Troglodytellidae Corliss, 1979
                  • Genus Gorillophilus Imai et al., 1991
                  • Genus Troglodytella Brumpt & Joyeux, 1912

Classs Phyllopharyngea

Class Nassophorea

      • Class Nassophorea Small & Lynn, 1981
        • Order Synhymeniida de Puytorac et al., 1974
        • Order Nassulida Jankowski, 1967
          • Family Nassulidae de Fromentel, 1874
            • Genus Nassula Ehrenberg, 1833[1834]
            • Genus Obertrumia Foissner & Adam, 1981
            • Genus Naxella Foissner & O'Donoghue, 1990
            • Genus Rhinakis Iftode et al., in Deroux, 1994
          • Family Furgasoniidae Corliss, 1979
            • Genus Furgasonia Jankowski, 1964
            • Genus Parafurgasonia Foissner & Adam, 1981
          • Family Paranassulidae Fauré-Fremiet, 1962
          • Family Colpodidiidae Foissner, 1995
            • Genus Pedohymena Foissner, 1995
            • Genus Colpodidium Wilbert, 1982
        • Order Microthoracida Jankowski, 1967

Class Colpodea

      • Class Colpodea Small & Lynn, 1981
        • Order Bryophryida de Puytorac et al., 1979
          • Family Bryophryidae de Puytorac et al., 1979
            • Genus Parabryophrya Foissner, 1985
            • Genus Bryophrya Wenzel, 1953
            • Genus Puytoraciella Njiné, 1979
        • Order Colpodida de Puytorac et al., 1974
          • Family Grossglockneriidae Foissner, 1980
            • Genus Grossglockneria Foissner, 1980
            • Genus Pseudoplatyophyra [error, see Pseudoplatyophrya Foissner, 1980]
          • Family Marynidae Poche, 1913
            • Genus Ilsiella Foissner, 1987
            • Genus Maryna Gruber, 1879
          • Family Colpodidae Bory de St. Vincent, 1826
            • Genus Bresslaua Kahl, 1931
            • Genus Krassniggia Foissner, 1987
            • Genus Colpoda O.F. Müller, 1773
          • Family Hausmanniellidae Foissner, 1987
            • Genus Kalometopia Bramy, 1962
            • Genus Hausmanniella Foissner, 1984
          • Family Bardeliellidae Foissner, 1984
            • Genus Bardeliella Foissner, 1984
        • Order Cyrtolophosidida Foissner, 1978
        • Order Bursariomorphida Fernández-Galiano, 1978
          • Family Bursariidae Bory de St. Vincent, 1826
          • Family Bursaridiidae Foissner, 1993
            • Genus Bursaridium Lauterborn, 1894
            • Genus Paracondylostoma Foissner, 1980
        • Order Sorogenida Foissner, 1985
          • Family Sorogenidae Bradbury & Olive, 1980
            • Genus Sorogena Bradbury & Olive, 1980
        • Order Bryometopida Foissner, 1985
          • Family Jaroschiidae Foissner, 1993
            • Genus Jaroschia Foissner, 1993
            • Genus Pentahymena Foissner, 1994
          • Family Trihymenidae Foissner, 1988
            • Genus Trihymena Foissner, 1988
          • Family Bryometopidae Jankowski, 1980
            • Genus Thylakidium Schewiakoff, 1892
            • Genus Bryometopus Kahl, 1932
          • Family Kreyellidae Foissner, 1979
            • Genus Kreyella Kahl, 1931
            • Genus Orthokreyella Foissner, 1984
        • ?Family Pseudochlamydonellidae Buitkamp et al., 1989
            • Genus Pseudochlamydonella Buitkamp et al., 1989
        • ?Family Tectohymenidae Foissner, 1993
            • Genus Pseudokreyella Foissner, 1985
            • Genus Tectohymena Foissner, 1993

Class Prostomatea

Class Plagiopylea

Class Oligohymenophorea

      • Class Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al., 1974
        • Subclass Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956
          • Order Peniculida Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956
            • Suborder Frontoniina Small & Lynn, 1985
              • Family Lembadionidae Jankowski, in Corliss, 1979
              • Family Maritujidae Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985
                • Genus Marituja Gajewskaja, 1928
              • Family Stokesiidae Roque, 1961
              • Family Clathrostomatidae Kahl, 1926
                • Genus Clathrostoma Penard, [1921]
              • Family Frontoniidae Kahl, 1926
                • Genus Disematostoma Lauterborn, 1894
                • Genus Wenrichia Jankowski, 1967
                • Genus Didieria Small & Lynn, 1985
                • Genus Frontonia Ehrenberg, 1838
                • Genus Paraclathrostoma Small & Lynn, 1985
            • Suborder Parameciina Jankowski, in Small & Lynn, 1985
              • Family Urocentridae Claparède & Lachmann, 1858
              • Family Neobursaridiidae Dragesco & Tuffrau, 1967
                • Genus Neobursaridium Balech, 1941
              • Family Parameciidae Dujardin, 1840
        • Subclass Scuticociliatia Small, 1967
        • Subclass Hymenostomatia (Delage & Hérouard, 1896) Cavalier-Smith, 1993
          • Order Hymenostomatida Delage & Hérouard, 1896
            • Suborder Tetrahymenina Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1956
              • Family Curimostomatidae Jankowski, 1968
                • Genus Curimostoma Kozloff, 1954
              • Family Spirozonidae Kahl, 1926
                • Genus Spirozona Kahl, 1926
                • Genus Stegochilum Schewiakoff, 1893
              • Family Tetrahymenidae Corliss, 1952
                • Genus Tetrahymena Furgason, 1940
                • Genus Lambornella Keilin, 1921
                • Genus Deltopylum Fauré-Fremiet & Mugard, 1947
              • Family Turaniellidae Didier, 1971
                • Genus Colpidium Stein, 1860
                • Genus Turaniella Corliss, 1960
              • Family Glaucomidae Corliss, 1971
            • Suborder Ophryoglenina Canella, 1964
        • Subclass Apostomatia Chatton & Lwoff, 1928
        • Subclass Peritrichia (Stein, 1859) Cavalier-Smith, 1993
          • Order Sessilida Kahl, 1933
            • Family Termitophryidae Lom, in Corliss, 1979
              • Genus Termitophya Noirot & Noirot-Timothée, 1959 [error, see Termitophrya]
            • Family Astylozoidae Kahl, 1935
              • Genus Hastatella Erlanger, 1890
              • Genus Astylozoon Engelmann, 1862
            • Family Opisthonectidae Foissner, 1976
              • Genus Opisthonecta Fauré-Fremiet, 1906
              • Genus Telotrochidium Kent, 1881
            • Family Ophrydiidae Ehrenberg, 1838
              • Genus Ophrydium Bory de St. Vincent, 1827
            • Family Vaginicolidae de Fromentel, 1874
            • Family Ellobiophryidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1923
            • Family Lagenophryidae Bütschli, 1889
              • Genus Operculigera Kane, 1969
              • Genus Paralagenophrys Clamp, 1987
              • Genus Clistolagenophrys Clamp, 1991
              • Genus Setonophrys Jankowski, 1986
              • Genus Lagenophrys Stein, 1852
              • Genus Stylohedra Kellicott, 1884
            • Family Usconophryidae Clamp, 1991
              • Genus Usconophrys Jankowski, 1985
            • Family Rovinjellidae Matthes, 1972
              • Genus Rovinjella Matthes, 1972
            • Family Vorticellidae Ehrenberg, 1838
              • Genus Vorticella Linnaeus, 1767
              • Genus Carchesium Ehrenberg, 1832[1830]
              • Genus Ruthiella Schödel, 1983
              • Genus Intranstylum Fauré-Fremiet, 1904
            • Family Zoothamniidae Sommer, 1951
            • Family Operculariidae Fauré-Fremiet, in Corliss, 1979
              • Genus Bezedniella Stloukal & Matis, 1994
              • Genus Opercularia Goldfuss, 1820
              • Genus Orbopercularia Lust, 1950
              • Genus Propyxidium Corliss, 1979
              • Genus Ampullaster Jankowski
            • Family Scyphidiidae Kahl, 1933
            • Family Epistylididae Kahl, 1933
              • Genus Rhabdostyla Kent, 1881
              • Genus Apiosoma Blanchard, 1885
              • Genus Nidula Gajewskaja, 1933
              • Genus Campanella Goldfuss, 1820
              • Genus Heteropolaria Foissner & Schubert, 1977
              • Genus Epistylis Ehrenberg, 1830
          • Order Mobilida Kahl, 1933
            • Family Trichodinidae Claus, 1874
              • Genus Pallitrichodina van As & Basson, 1993
              • Genus Trichodina Ehrenberg, [1830]
              • Genus Vauchomia Mueller, 1938
            • Family Urceolariidae Dujardin, 1840
            • Family Leiotrochidae Johnston, 1938
            • Family Polycyclidae Poljansky, 1951
              • Genus Polycycla Poljansky, 1951
            • Family Trichodinopsidae Kent, 1881
              • Genus Trichodinopsis Claparède & Lachmann, 1858
        • Subclass Astomatia Schewiakoff, 1896
          • Order Astomatida Schewiakoff, 1896
            • Family Anoplophryidae Cépède, 1910
              • Genus Njinella Ngassam, 1983
              • Genus Almophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1968
              • Genus Anoplophrya Stein, 1860
            • Family Haptophryidae Cépède, 1910
              • Genus Steinella Cépède, 1910
              • Genus Cepedietta Kay, 1942
              • Genus Haptophrya Stein, 1867
            • Family Clausilocolidae de Puytorac, in Corliss, 1979
              • Genus Haptophryopsis de Puytorac, 1971
              • Genus Clausilocola Lom, 1959
            • Family Maupasellidae Cépède, 1910
            • Family Intoshellinidae Cépède, 1910
              • Genus Intoshellina Cépède, 1910
            • Family Contophryidae de Puytorac, 1972
              • Genus Contophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1968
              • Genus Dicontophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1968
            • Family Radiophryidae de Puytorac, 1972
              • Genus Acanthodiophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1968
              • Genus Mrazekiella Kijenskii, 1926
              • Genus Helella Kaczanowski, 1961
              • Genus Anthonyella Delphy, 1936
              • Genus Radiophrya Rossolimo, 1926
              • Genus Metaracoelophrya de Puytorac & Dragesco, 1969
              • Genus Metaradiophrya Heidenreich, 1935
            • Family Hoplitophryidae Cheissin, 1930
              • Genus Hoplitophrya Stein, 1860
              • Genus Delphyella de Puytorac, 1969
              • Genus Buetschliellopsis de Puytorac, 1954
              • Genus Juxtaradiophrya de Puytorac, 1954
              • Genus Radiophryoides Lom, 1956

Hausmann et al. (2003)

Hausmann, K., N. Hulsmann, R. Radek. Protistology. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchshandlung, Stuttgart, 2003.

Empire Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 (= Eukarya)

  • Phylum Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1992
    • Subphylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901
      • Superclass Postciliodesmatophora Gerassimova & Seravin, 1976
        • Class Karyorelictea Corliss, 1974
          • Order Protostomatida
          • Order Loxodida
          • Order Protoheterotrichida
        • Class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859
          • Order Licnophorida
          • Order Heterotrichida
      • Superclass Intramacronucleata Lynn, 1996
        • Class Spirotrichea Bütschli, 1889
          • Subclass Protocruziidia Puytorac et al. 1987
          • Subclass Phacodiniidia Small & Lynn, 1985
          • Subclass Hypotrichia Stein, 1859
          • Subclass Oligotrichia Bütschli, 1889
          • Subclass Choreotrichia Small & Lynn, 1985
          • Subclass Stichotrichia Small & Lynn, 1985
        • Class Litostomatea Small & Lynn, 1981
          • Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974
          • Subclass Trichostomatia Bütschli, 1889
        • Class Phyllopharyngea de Puytorac, 1974
          • Subclass Phyllopharyngia de Puytorac, 1974
          • Subclass Rhynchodia Chatton & Lwoff, 1937
          • Subclass Chonotrichia Wallengren, 1895
          • Subclass Suctoria Claparede & Lachmann, 1858
        • Class Nassophorea Small & Lynn, 1981
          • Order Synhymeniida de Puytorac et al., 1974
          • Order Nassulida Jankowski, 1967
          • Order Microthoracida Jankowski,1967
        • Class Colpodea Small & Lynn, 1981
        • Class Prostomatea Schewiakoff, 1896
        • Class Plagiopylea Small & Lynn, 1985
        • Class Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac et al., 1974
          • Subclass Peniculia Fauré-Fremiet, 1956.
          • Subclass Scuticociliatia Small, 1967
          • Subclass Hymenostomatia Dellage & Herouard, 1896
          • Subclass Apostomatia Chatton & Lwoff, 1928
          • Subclass Peritrichia Stein, 1859
            • Order Sessilida Kahl, 1933
            • Order Mobilida Kahl, 1933
          • Subclass Astomatia Schewiakoff, 1896
            • Order Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain, 1976
            • Order Odontostomatida Sawaya, 1940

Alimov et al. (2007)

Alimov, A. F. ed. (А. Ф. Алимов). 2007. Protista 2: Handbook on zoology. (Протисты 2: руководство по зоологии). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2007, 1141 pp. (in Russian, with English summaries), .

Protists

Lynn (2008)

Lynn, Denis (2008). The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature (3 ed.). Springer. p. 10, .

Phylum Ciliophora

Adl et al. (2012)

Adl, S. M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, .

Eukaryota

[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.]

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, .

Gao et al. (2016)

Gao, Feng, et al. "The All-Data-Based Evolutionary Hypothesis of Ciliated Protists with a Revised Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata)." Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 24874.

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