Taxonavigation
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Hacrobia
Phylum: Heliozoa
Classes: Centrohelea – ?Ciliophryida – Heliozoa incertae sedis
Name
Heliozoa Haeckel, 1866
Synonyms (sensu lato):
- Heliozoea Levine et al., 1980
- Heliozoia Honigberg et al., 1964
Synonym (sensu stricto, Cavalier-Smith, 2015):
- Centrohelida Honigberg et al., 1964 [?]
Vernacular names
References
- Nikolaev SI, Berney C, Fahrni JF, et al. (2004): "The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (21): 8066–71, .
- Thomas Cavalier-Smith: Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa, Europ. J. Protistol. 39: 338–348 (2003).
- Mikrjukov, K. A. (2000). Taxonomy and phylogeny of heliozoa. I. The order Desmothoracida Hertwig et Lesser, 1874. Acta Protozoologica, 39, 81-97, .
- Mikrjukov, K. A. (2000). Taxonomy and phylogeny of heliozoa. II. The order Dimorphida Siemensma, 1991 (Cercomonadea classis n.): Diversity and relatedness with cercomonads. Acta Protozoologica, 39(2), 99-116, .
- Mikrjukov, K. A., & Patterson, D. J. (2001). Taxonomy and phylogeny of Heliozoa. III. Actinophryids. Acta Protozoologica, 40(1), 3-26,
Links
Alternative classifications
Haeckel (1866)
From Generelle morphologie der organismen, Bd. 1, Bd. 2.
Protistenreich - kingdom Protista
- Rhizopoda
- Acyttaria
- Heliozoa
- Radiolaria
Hertwig & Lesser (1874)
Hertwig, R. & Lesser, E. (1874). Ueber Rhizopoden und denselben nahestehende Organismen. Arch. Mikroskop. Anat. (Suppl.) 10: 35–243. .
- I. Heliozoa Askeleta
- 1. Actinophrys sol
- 2. Actinosphaerium Eichhornii
- II. Heliozoa Skeletophora
- A. Chalarothoraca
- 3. Acanthocystis
- Acanthocystis spinifera
- Acanthocystis aculeata
- Acanthocystis turfacea
- 4. Pinacocystis rubicunda
- 5. Heterophiys
- Heterophiys marina
- Heterophiys spinifera
- 6. Raphidiophrys elegans
- 7. Hyalolampe
- Hyalolampe fenestrata
- Hyalolampe exigua
- 3. Acanthocystis
- B. Desmothoraca
- 8. Hedriocystis pellucida
- 9. Clathrulina elegans
- A. Chalarothoraca
Leidy (1879)
Leidy, J. (1879). Fresh-Water Rhizopods of North America. Washington: U.S. Geol Survey of the Territories. 324 p., .
Class Rhizopoda
- Order Heliozoa
- Actinophrys, Heterophrys, Raphidiophrys, Vampyrella, Diplophrys, Actinosphaerium, Acanthocystis, Hyalolampe, Clathrulina
Bütschli (1880-1882)
From Bütschli, O. (1880–1889). Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band: Protozoa. Abt. I, Sarkodina und Sporozoa, 1880-82 . C.F. Winter, Leipzig.
Phylum Protozoa
- Class Sarkodina
- Subclass Rhizopoda
- Subclass Heliozoa
- Order Aphrothoraca Hertw. 1879
- Order Chlamydophora Archer 1876
- Order Chalarothoraca Hertw. u. L. 1874
- Order Desmothoraca Hertw. u. L. 1874
- Subclass Radiolaria
Schaudin (1896)
Helizoa
- Order Aphrothoraca
- Order Chlamydophora
- Order Chalarothoraca
- Order Desmothoraca
Hartmann (1913)
Hartmann M. (1913). Rhizopoda. In: Handwörterbuch der Naturwissenschaften, Bd. 8, p. 422-446, .
- 1. Unterklasse: Rhizopoda (im engeren Sinne)
- 2. Unterklasse: Heliozoa
- 1. Ordnung. Actinophrydea nom. nov.
- 2. Ordnung. Acanthocystidea nom. nov.
- 3. Ordnung. Clathrulinidea
- 3. Unterklasse: Radiolaria
- 4. Unterklasse: Mycetozoa (Myxomyceta)
Kühn (1926)
Kühn, A. (1921). Morphologie der Tiere in Bildern. Heft 2: Protozoen. Teil 2. Rhizopoden. Gebrüder Borntraeger: Berlin, .
- 2. Klasse: Rhizopoda
- III. Unterklasse: Heliozoa
- 1. Ordnung: Actinophrydia
- 2. Ordnung: Centrohelidia
- III. Unterklasse: Heliozoa
Valkanov (1940)
Valkanov, A. 1940. Die Heliozoen und Proteomyxien Artbestand und sonstige kritische Bemerkungen. Arch Protistenk 93: 225–254, .
- "organisms in the 'no man's land' between the Heliozoa, Proteomyxa, Flagellata and Chytridiales"
- (1) Heliozoa
- Suborder Actinophrydia
- Actinophrys, Actinosphaerium, Camptonema
- Suborder Centrohelidia
- Oxnerella, Gymnosphaera, Astrodisculus, Heterophrys, Lithocolla, Acanthocystis, Pinaciophora, Pinacocystis, Pompholyxophrys, Pinaciocystis, Raphidiophrys, Raphidocystis, Wagnerella, Microsol, Myriophrys
- Suborder Actinophrydia
- (2) Helioflagellata
- Acinetactis, Dimorpha, Dimorphella ("Pteridomonas, Actinomonas and Ciliophrys are relegated to the flagellate orders Pantostomina or Protomastigina")
- (3) Desmothoraca
- Clathrulina, Hedriocystis, Monomastigocystis, Orbulinella, Choanocystis
- (4) Monadida
- Family Zoosporidae
- Family Azoosporidae
- Algophaga, Arachnula, Bursulina, Eichenia, Endionema, Enteromyxa, Hialodiscus [Hyalodiscus], Leptophrys, Monadopsis, Vampyrella, Vampyrina
- (5) Proteomyxa
- Biomyxa, Dictyomyxa, Myxodictyum, Rhizoplasma, Pontomyxa, Protogenes, Protomyxa, Penardia, Leptomyxa, Chichkovia
- (6) Gymnamoebida
- Actinocoma, Actinolophus, Cienkowskya, Clathrella, Eleorhanis, Monobia, Myxastrum, Nuclearia, Nuclearella, Nuclearina, Zooteirea
- (7) Labyrinthuloidea
- (1) Heliozoa
Grassé et al. (1953)
Grassé, P.-P. (Ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Vol. 1.2, Protozoaires: Rhizopodes, Actinopodes, Sporozoaires, Cnidosporidies, 1953. Masson, Paris, , , .
Règne animal
- Phylum Protozoa
- Subphylum Actinopoda
- Class Heliozoa [par Trégoubouff]
- Heliozoa sensu stricto
- Order Actinophrydia
- Order Centrohelidia
- Suborder Aphrothoraca
- Suborder Chlamydophora
- Suborder Chalarothoraca
- Pseudo-Heliozoa
- Order Protomyxidea
- Family Helioflagellidae
- Family Zoosporidae
- Family Azoosporidae (= Vampyrellidae)
- Incertae sedis
- Order Desmothoraca
- Appendice: Labyrinthulidae
- Order Protomyxidea
- Heliozoa sensu stricto
- Class Heliozoa [par Trégoubouff]
- Subphylum Actinopoda
Moore (1954)
Moore, R. C. Heliozoa. In: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part D Protista 3 (Chiefly Radiolarians And Tintinnines), 1954, .
- Subphylum Sarcodina
- Class Actinopoda Calkins, 1909
- Subclass Heliozoa Haeckel, 1866
- Order Actinophrydea Hartmann, 1913
- Order Centrohelidia Kühn, 1926
- Order Desmothoraca Hertwig & Lesser, 1874
- Order Helioflagellida Doflein, 1907
- Subclass Heliozoa Haeckel, 1866
- Class Actinopoda Calkins, 1909
Kudo (1954)
- Phylum Protozoa Goldfuss
- Subphylum 1 Plasmodroma Doflein
- Class 1 Mastigophora Diesing
- Class 2 Sarcodina Hertwig and Lesser
- Subclass 1 Rhizopoda Siebold
- Subclass 2 Actinopoda Calkins
- Order 1 Heliozoa Haeckel
- Family 1 Actinocomidae
- Genus Actinocoma Penard
- Family 2 Actinophyridae Claus
- Genus Actinophrys Ehrenberg, Genus Actinosphaerium Stein, Genus Camptonema Schaudinn, Genus Oxnerella Dobell
- Family 3 Ciliophryidae Poche
- Genus Ciliophrys Cienkowski
- Family 4 Lithocollidae Poche
- Genus Lithocolla Schulze, Genus Astrodisculus Greeff, Genus Actinolophus Schulze, Genus Elaeorhanis Greeff, Genus Sphaerastrum Greeff
- Family 5 Heterophryidae Poche
- Genus Heterophrys Archer
- Family 6 Clathrellidae Poche
- Genus Clathrella Penard
- Family 7 Acanthocystidae Claus
- Genus Acanthocystis Carter, Genus Pompholyxophrys Archer, Genus Raphidiophrys Archer, Genus Raphidocystis Penard, Genus Wagnerella Mereschkowsky, Genus Pinaciophora Greeff
- Family 8 Clathrulinidae Claus
- Genus Clathrulina Cienkowski, Genus Hedriocystis Hertwig and Lesser, Genus Elaster Grimm, Genus Choanocystis Penard
- Family 9 Myriophryidae Poche
- Genus Myriophrys Penard
- Family 1 Actinocomidae
- Order 2 Radiolaria Müller
- Order 1 Heliozoa Haeckel
- Subphylum 1 Plasmodroma Doflein
Honigberg et al. (1964)
Class: Actinopodea
Subclass: Heliozoia
- Order: Actinophryida
- Order: Centrohelida
- Order: Desmothoracida
Rainer (1968)
Rainer, H. 1968. Urtiere, Protozoa; Wurzelfüßler, Rhizopoda; Sonnentierchen, Heliozoa. In: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile. Eds. Fr. Dahl, M. Dahl, Fr. Peus. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag. Bd. 56. 176 p., .
- Ordnung: Heliozoa
- Unterordnung: Actinophrydia
- Unterordnung: Centrohelidia
- Unterordnung: Rotosphaeridia
- Pseudoheliozoa
- Ordnung: Desmothoraca
- Ordnung: Pseudoheliozoa (s. str.)
Febvre-Chevalier (1982)
Febvre-Chevalier, Colette. (1982). Revision of the taxonomy of the Heliozoa with attention to electron microscopical criteria. Annales de l’Institute Océanographique de Paris 58:173-178, .
- Sarcodina
- Actinopodea
- Heliozoa
- I. Centrohelida Hartmann, 1913
- II. Actinophryida Kuhn, 1926
- III. Desmothoracida Hertwig & Lesser,1874
- IV. Ciliophryida Febvre-Chevalier, 1981
- V. Taxopodida Fol, 1883
- VI. Rotosphaerida Rainer, 1968
- Heliozoa
- Actinopodea
John O. Corliss (1984)
From The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla
Kingdom Protista
Assemblage: "Actinopods"
Phylum: Heliozoa Haeckel, 1886
Febvre-Chevalier in Lee et al. (1985)
Febvre-Chevalier, C. (1985) IV. Class Heliozoea Haeckel 1866. In: Lee, J.J., Hutner, S.H. & Bovee, E.C. (eds.), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, 1st ed. Society of Protozoologists, . See Fernández-Galiano, 1990, .
Subkingdom Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818) von Siebold, 1846
- Phylum Sarcomastigophora Honigberg & Balamuth, 1963
- Subphylum Sarcodina Schmarda, 1871
- Superclass Actinopodea Calkins, 1902
- Class Acantharea Haeckel, 1881
- Class Polycystina (Ehrenberg, 1838) Riedel, 1967
- Class Phaeodarea Haeckel, 1879
- Class Heliozoea Haeckel, 1866
- Order Actinophryida Kuhn, 1926
- Order Desmothoracida Hertwig & Lesser,1874
- Order Ciliophryida n. ord.
- Order Taxopodida Fol, 1883
- Order Centrohelida Hartmann, 1913
- Order Rotosphaerida Rainer, 1968
de Puytorac et al. (1987)
From Puytorac, P. de, Grain, J., Mignot, J.P. Précis de protistologie. Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd, 1987. 581 p., , , . See Fernández-Galiano, 1990, .
- Phylum Actinopoda
- Subphylum Heliozoa
- Classe Cryptaxohelidea
- Classe Phaneraxohelidea
- Subphylum Heliozoa
Febvre-Chevalier in Margulis et al. (1990)
Febvre-Chevalier, C., 1990. 20b. Phylum Actinopoda, Class Heliozoa. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 347-362. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .
Kingdom Protoctista
- Section III: Phyla with flagellated stages, but without complex sexual cycles
- Phylum 20. Actinopoda
- Class Polycystina
- Class Phaeodaria
- Class Heliozoa
- Class Acantharia
- Phylum 20. Actinopoda
Siemensma (1991)
Siemensma, F.J. (1991): Heliozoea. In: Nackte Rhizopoda und Heliozoea (Protozoenfauna Band 2). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, pp. 173–285, , .
Heliozoea
Cavalier-Smith (1993)
From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla
Kingdom Protozoa
Parvkingdom: Actinopoda
Phylum: Heliozoa Haeckel, 1866 emend. stat. nov. Margulis, 1974
- Class Nucleohelea
- Class Centrohelea
Mikrjukov, Siemensma, & Patterson, in Lee et al. (2000)
Mikrjukov, K.A., Siemensma, F.J. & Patterson, D.J., 2000. Phylum Heliozoa. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 860-871, . See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .
In “protozoa”, “amoeboid protists”
- Phylum Heliozoa Haeckel, 1866
- Order Centrohelida Kühn, 1926
- Family Heterophryidae Poche, 1913
- Genus Oxnerella Dobell, 1917
- Genus Chlamydaster Rainer, 1968
- Genus Sphaerastrum Greeff, 1873
- Genus Heterophrys Archer, 1869
- Family Raphidiophryidae Mikrjukov, 1996
- Genus Parasphaerastrum Mikrjukov, 1996
- Genus Polyplacocystis Mikrjukov, 1996
- Genus Raphidiophrys Archer, 1867
- Genus Raphidocystis Pénard, 1904
- Family Acanthocystidae Claus, 1874
- Genus Pseudoraphidocystis Mikrjukov, 1997
- Genus Pseudoraphidiophrys Mikrjukov, 1997
- Genus Pterocystis Siemensma & Roijackers, 1988
- Genus Echinocystis Mikrjukov, 1997
- Genus Choanocystis Penard, 1904
- Genus Acanthocystis Carter, 1863
- Family Heterophryidae Poche, 1913
- [unplaced families]
- Family Actinophryidae Dujardin, 1841
- Genus Actinophrys Ehrenberg, 1832[1830]
- Genus Actinosphaerium Stein, 1857
- Family Clathrulinidae ("desmothoracids")
- Genus Clathrulina Cienkowski, 1867
- Genus Hedriocystis Hertwig & Lesser, 1874
- Genus Cienkowskya Schaudinn, 1896
- Family Gymnosphaeridae
- Genus Hedraiophrys Febvre-Chevalier, 1973
- Genus Actinocoryne Febvre-Chevalier, 1980
- Genus Gymnosphaera Sassaki, 1894
- Family Actinophryidae Dujardin, 1841
- [unplaced genera]
- Genus Sticholonche Hertwig, 1877
- Genus Wagnerella Mereschkowsky, 1878
- Genus Actinolophus Schulze, 1874
- Genus Servetia Poche, 1913
- Order Centrohelida Kühn, 1926
Mikryukov (2001)
Mikryukov, K.A. (2001). Heliozoa as a component of marine microbenthos: a study of Heliozoa of the White Sea. Ophelia 54: 51–73.
"heliozoa"
- Order Centrohelida Kuhn, 1926
- Family Heterophryidae Poche, 1913
- Family Raphidiophryidae Mikrjukov 1996
- Family Acanthocystidae Claus, 1874
- Order Actinophryida Hartmann, 1913
- Family Actinophryidae Dujardin, 1841
- Order Desmothoracida Hertwig & Lesser, 1874
- Family Clathrulinidae Poche, 1913
- Order Gymnosphaerida Poche, 1913
- Family Wagnerellidae Poche, 1913
- "helioflagellates"
- Order Dimorphida Siemensma 1991,
- Order Ciliophryida Febvre-Chevalier, 1985
- Family Ciliophryidae Poche, 1913
- Order Pedinellales Zimmermann, Moestrup & Hallfors, 1984
- Family Actinomonadidae Poche, 1913
- Heliozoa incertae sedis
- Servetia borealis (Mereschkowsky, 1877) Poche 1913
- Order Rotosphaerida Rainer, 1968
- Family Pompholyxophryidae Page, 1987
- Family Nucleariidae Cann et Page, 1979
Cavalier-Smith (2002)
From The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa
Kingdom: Protozoa
Subkingdom: Gymnomyxa
Infrakingdom: Rhizaria
- Class Centrohelea
- Class Nucleohelea (?)
Nikolaev et al. (2005)
From The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes, .
- Bikonta
- Rhizaria
- core Cercozoa
- Phaeodarea ["Radiolaria"]
- Desmothoracida ["Heliozoa"]
- other core Cercozoa
- Phytomyxea
- Haplosporidia
- Foraminifera
- Gromiidae
- [unnamed] [= Radiolaria sensu Adl et al., 2005]
- Acantharea ["Radiolaria"]
- Taxopodida ["Heliozoa"]
- Polycystinea ["Radiolaria"]
- core Cercozoa
- Stramenopiles
- Centrohelida ["Heliozoa"]
- Rhizaria
Pugachev et al. (2011)
From Protista 3.
Protists (Eukaryota)
- Rhizaria
- Taxopodida Foll, 1883 ("heliozoans") (3)
- [etc.]
- Cercozoa
- Desmothoracida Hertwig & Lesser, 1874 ("heliozoans") (3)
- Dimorphida Siemensma, 1991 ("heliozoans") (3)
- [etc.]
- Alveolata
- Heterokonta
- Actinophryida Hartmann, 1913 ("heliozoans") (3)
- Pedinellida Zimmermann, Moestrup & Hallfors, 1984 ("heliozoans") (3)
- [etc.]
- Hacrobia
- Centrohelida Kühn, 1926 ("heliozoans") (3)
- [etc.]
- Archaeplastida
- Excavata
- Amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta
- Rotosphaerida Rainer, 1968 ("heliozoans") (3)
- [etc.]
- Eukaryota incertae sedis
- Gymnosphaerida Poche, 1913 ("heliozoans") (3)
- [etc.]
[Note: numbers indicate volume in which the groups were treated.]
Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, .
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Chromista
- Subkingdom Hacrobia
- Phylum Heliozoa
- Class Centrohelea
- Order Acanthocystida
- Order Pterocystida
- Class Centrohelea
- Phylum Heliozoa
- Subkingdom Hacrobia
- Kingdom Chromista