δέω

From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁-. Cognates include Sanskrit द्यति (dyati), Avestan 𐬥𐬍𐬛𐬫𐬁𐬙𐬄𐬨‎ (nīdyātąm) and Albanian duaj.

• δέννω (dénnō)

δέω • (déō)

1. I bind, tie, fasten, fetter
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.443:

     ἠέ με δήσαντες λίπετ᾽ αὐτόθι νηλέϊ δεσμῷ

     ēé me dḗsantes lípet᾽ autóthi nēléï desmôi

     or bind me with a cruel bond and leave me here

   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.475:

     ὠκέες ἵπποι ἐξ ἐπιδιφριάδος πυμάτης ἱμᾶσι δέδεντο

     ōkées híppoi ex epidiphriádos pumátēs himâsi dédento

     his swift horses were tethered by the reins to the topmost rim of the chariot

   1. (figuratively)
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 3.54:

        ἀλλὰ κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται.

        allà kérdei kaì sophía dédetai.

        But even skill is enthralled by the love of gain.

   2. (middle) I tie onto myself
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.44:

        ποσσὶ δ᾽ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα

        possì d᾽ hupò liparoîsin edḗsato kalà pédila

        and beneath his shining feet he bound his fair sandals

   3. (with genitive) I hinder from
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.380:

        ἀλλὰ σύ πέρ μοι εἰπέ […] ὅς τίς μ᾽ ἀθανάτων πεδάᾳ καὶ ἔδησε κελεύθου

        allà sú pér moi eipé […] hós tís m᾽ athanátōn pedáāi kaì édēse keleúthou

        But do thou tell me […] who of the immortals fetters me here, and has hindered me from my path

   4. (medicine) I brace
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, In the Surgery 17

• λῡ́ω (lū́ō)

• δέω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• G1210 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979

Uncertain. Either from Proto-Hellenic *dew- or Proto-Indo-European *dews-. If the latter, then cognate with Sanskrit दोष (doṣa).

• δεύω (deúō) – Aeolic, Epic

δέω • (déō)

1. To lack, need, require [+genitive = something, someone]
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, The Statesman 277d:

     παραδείγματος […] αὖ μοι καὶ τὸ παράδειγμα αὐτὸ δεδέηκεν.

     paradeígmatos […] aû moi kaì tò parádeigma autò dedéēken.

     The very example I employ requires another example.

   1. with πολλοῦ (polloû) To be far from being able to do [+infinitive = something]
      • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 30d:

        πολλοῦ δέω ἐγὼ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ ἀπολογεῖσθαι

        polloû déō egṑ hupèr emautoû apologeîsthai

        I am far from giving a defense for myself

   2. participle δέων (déōn)
      1. modifying a noun, with genitive of the number by which something is less than another thing: lacking a number: a number less than something, something minus a number; often used to express numbers ending in 8 or 9
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.14.1:

           δυῶν δέοντα τεσσεράκοντα ἔτεα

           duôn déonta tesserákonta étea

           forty minus two years; two less than forty years [= 38 years]

      2. with both the participle and the number in the genitive: genitive absolute: with a number lacking, a number less than
         • 3rd century AD, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 5.27:

           πόλεων δυοῖν δεούσαιν ἑξήκοντα

           póleōn duoîn deoúsain hexḗkonta

           sixty cities with two lacking or two less than sixty [= 58 cities]

2. (middle, never impersonal, transitive) To lack, not have, or need [+genitive = something]
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1148:

     ἐπεὶ τὰ σὰ δεῖται κολαστοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ τοῦδ᾽ ἔπη.

     epeì tà sà deîtai kolastoû mâllon ḕ tà toûd᾽ épē.

     Your words need rebuking more than his.

   1. (intransitive) to need [+infinitive = to do something]
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 392d:

        ἔτι δέομαι σαφέστερον μαθεῖν

        éti déomai saphésteron matheîn

        I still need to understand more plainly.

   2. (intransitive) To be in need

      οἱ δεόμενοι

      hoi deómenoi

      the needy

   3. (transitive) To beg [+two genitives = something from someone]; [+genitive and infinitive = someone to do something]
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.157.1:

        ἐπιτρέπεσθαι ἕτοιμοι ἦσαν τῶν ἐδέετο σφέων

        epitrépesthai hétoimoi êsan tôn edéeto sphéōn

        they were ready to entrust to him all that he asked from them

The third person and non-finite forms are also used impersonally: see δεῖ (deî).

Other forms: δεοῦμαι (deoûmai) for δεήσομαι (deḗsomai) (Doric: Epicharmus, Collected Works 120).

• δέω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• δέω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• δέω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• δέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• δέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• δέω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
• δέω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G1163 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• δέω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

δέω • (déō)

1. Alternative form of δήω (dḗō)

From Ancient Greek δέω (“at its sense: need”). From its other sense ("I tie"), the modern δένω (déno).

• IPA^(key): /ˈðe.o/
• Hyphenation: δέ‧ω

δέω • (déo) (past: εδέησα/δέησα, passive with different sense: δέομαι

1. (active voice: only in perfective stem) make possible (also used ironically) e.g.

   εδέησα (edéisa, past tense, retaining the old syllabic augment ε-)

   Εδέησε να μου επιστρέψει το βιβλίο που του είχα δανείσει.

   Edéise na mou epistrépsei to vivlío pou tou eícha daneísei.

   S/he finally (succeeded to) return the book I had lent him/her.

   1. (in 3rd persons) + να used as impersonal

      Μετά την ξηρασία, εδέησε να βρέξει.

      Metá tin xirasía, edéise na vréxei.

      After the drought, it finally rained.

      Also see the ancient uncontracted: → δει (dei, “it is needed”), In polytonic script: δεῖ

2. (passive voice) δέομαι (déomai, “pray to God”)

• δέηση f (déisi, “prayer”)
• δει (dei, “it is needed, it must”), δεῖ
• δεόμενος (deómenos, partitiple), fem. δεόμενη/δεομένη, neu. δεόμενο
• δεόντως (deóntos, adverb)
• δέων (déon, partitiple), fem. δέουσα, neu. δέον

Compounds (and see their related words)

• ανασυνδέω (anasyndéo, “reconnect”)
• αποσυνδέω (aposyndéo, “disconnect”)
• διασυνδέω (diasyndéo, “interconnect”)
• επανασυνδέω (epanasyndéo, “reconnect again”)
• συνδέω (syndéo, “connect”)

and

• ενδεής (endeḯs, “poor, needing”)
• δεοντολογία f (deontología, “code of ethics”)

Also see related words of δένω (déno) deriving from the second sense of δέω.

• the unrelated δέος n (déos, “awe”)