كفر

From the root ك ف ر‎ (k-f-r)

كَفَرَ • (kafara) I, non-past يَكْفُرُ‎‎ (yakfuru)

1. (intransitive or transitive with بِ‎) to disbelieve (in), to close oneself off to
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:212:

     ‏زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٱ ٱلْحَيَاةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ وَٱللّٰهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ‎

     zuyyina lillaḏīna kafarū l-ḥayātu d-dunyā wayasḵarūna mina llaḏīna ʾāmanū wāllaḏīna ttaqaw fawqahum yawma l-qiyāmati wal-lāhu yarzuqu man yašāʾu biḡayri ḥisābin

     Beautified is the life of this world for those who disbelieve, and they mock at those who believe. But those who fear [Allah] are above them on the Day of Resurrection, and Allah begifts whom He wills without account.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:256:

     ‏لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي ٱلدِّينِ ۖ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ ٱلرُّشْدُ مِنَ ٱلْغَيِّ ۚ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِٱلطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسْتَمْسَكَ بِٱلْعُرْوَةِ ٱلْوُثْقَىٰ لَا ٱنْفِصَامَ لَهَا ۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ‎

     lā ʾikrāha fī d-dīni qad tabayyana r-rušdu mina l-ḡayyi faman yakfur bi-ṭ-ṭāḡūti wayuʾmin bi-l-lahi faqadi stamsaka bi-l-ʿurwati l-wuṯqā lā nfiṣāma lahā wal-lahu samīʿun ʿalīmun

2. (transitive or with بِ‎) to be ungrateful
3. (construed with بِ‎ (bi)) to disclaim association with, to renounce

• (to disbelieve): آمَنَ‎ (ʾāmana)
• (to be ungrateful): شَكَرَ‎ (šakara)

كَفَرَ • (kafara) I, non-past يَكْفُرُ‎ or يَكْفِرُ‎‎ (yakfuru or yakfiru)

1. to cover, hide

كُفْر • (kufr) m

1. verbal noun of كَفَرَ (kafara) (form I)
   1. disbelief; disacknowledgment
   2. ingratitude

كَفْر • (kafr) m

1. verbal noun of كَفَرَ (kafara) (form I)
2. darkness, blackness
3. earth, dust
4. grave, sepulcher

كَفَّرَ • (kaffara) II, non-past يُكَفِّرُ‎‎ (yukaffiru)

1. to cover, hide
2. to expiate, do penance, atone
3. to forgive, grant pardon
4. to make an infidel, seduce to unbelief
5. to accuse of infidelity, charge with unbelief

Borrowed from Aramaic כַּפְרָא‎ /‏ ܟܰܦܪܳܐ‎ (kap̄rā, “village, open town, unfortified town”), from Akkadian 𒅗𒀊𒊒 (kapru, “farm, village; a settlement outside of a city”).

كَفْر • (kafr) m (plural كُفُور‎ (kufūr))

1. open, town, village, suburb
   • 7th century CE, Al-ʾAdab al-Mufrad, 30:42:

     ‏لَا تَسْكُنِ الْكُفُورَ، فَإِنَّ سَاكِنَ الْكُفُورِ كَسَاكِنِ الْقُبُورِ‎

     lā taskuni l-kufūra, faʾinna sākina l-kufūri kasākini l-qubūri

     Don’t dwell in the suburbs, for he who dwells in the suburbs is like a dweller of the graves.

Borrowed from Aramaic כּוּפְרָא‎ /‎ ܭܽܘܦܪܳܐ‎ (kūp̄rā, “pitch, tar; asphalt”), from Akkadian 𒇒𒌓𒀀 (kupru, “bitumen, pitch”), from Akkadian 𒅗𒉺𒊒 (kapāru, “to smear or daub on”).

كُفْر • (kufr) m

1. pitch, tar

• “kpr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “kpwr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “كفر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 476–477
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 150
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 281
• Freytag, Georg (1837), “كفر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 46–47
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “كفر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 913–914
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “كفر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2620–2621
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “كفر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 890
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887), “كفر”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, pages 585–586
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “كفر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 975
• Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “كفر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1110

From the Arabic root ك ف ر‎ (k-f-r).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkafar/

كَفَر • (kafar) m

(plural كَفَرات‎ ‎(kafarāt))

1. tire, tyre
2. vehicle’s wheel

كَفَر • (kafar)

third-person masculine singular past of يِكْفُر‎

1. He disbelieved

• IPA^(key): /ˈkufur/

كُفُر • (kufur) m pl

1. apostasy
2. infidelity