主義

See also: 主义

Chinese
 
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
 justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (主義) 主 義
simp. (主义) 主 义

Etymology

Attestable in ancient Chinese texts. In the sense of "doctrine; ideology; -ism", wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 主 (しゅ)義 (ぎ) (shugi).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III Chongniu III
Fanqie 之庾切 宜寄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕɨoX/ /ŋˠiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋiɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cuə̆X/ /ŋjiə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋjeH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭuX/ /ŋǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯uX/ /ŋie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhǔ yì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhǔ yì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyuX › ‹ ngjeH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*toʔ/ /*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English master; host duty; justice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 17618 13045
Phonetic
component		 主 我
Rime
group		 侯 歌
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 主 議
Old
Chinese		 /*tjoʔ/ /*ŋrals/

Noun

主義

  1. doctrine; ideology; -ism
  2. (literary) position; stance

Derived terms
Derived terms from 主義

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (主義):

Verb

主義

  1. (literary) to uphold righteousness

See also

Japanese
Kanji in this term
主 義
しゅ
Grade: 3		 ぎ
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

主 + 義[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

主義 (hiragana しゅぎ, rōmaji shugi)

  1. a principle or set of principles; a doctrine; an ism
    あの人 (ひと)は主 (しゅ)義 (ぎ)に基 (もと)づいて契 (けい)約 (やく)を拒 (きょ)絶 (ぜつ)するはずです。
    Ano hito wa shugi ni motozuite keiyaku o kyozetsu suru hazu desu.
    I expect they will reject the contract on principle.

Suffix

主義 (hiragana しゅぎ, rōmaji -shugi)

  1. -ism

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  1. 王彬彬, 有事生非, 2015 :
    禾认为是日本人从古汉语中借了“主义”一词,去译英语的后缀“ism”,然后“主义”便作为“ism”的译语返回中国。实际上,古汉语中根本没有“主义”这个词。是日本人把“主”和“义”这两个汉字组成一个词,去译“ism”。所以,“主义”不是什么“回归的书写形式外来词”。
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean
Hanja in this term
主義

Noun

主義 • (juui) (hangeul 주의)

  1. Hanja form? of 주의 (“-ism”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this word
主義

Noun

主義

  1. Hán tự form of chủ nghĩa (“-ism; doctrine”).
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