See also:
U+541F, 吟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541F

[U+541E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5420]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 30, +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈弓 (ROIN), four-corner 68027, composition)

Derived characters

  • , 𡷧, 𫕖, 𠤾, 𣵴, 𦛽, 𥆽, 𪑑, 𩒻

References

  • KangXi: page 177, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 591, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+541F

Chinese

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰl'uːm
*l̥ʰuːmʔ
*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
*qʰɯːm
*qʰɯːm
*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːms
*qɯːm, *qaːb
*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
*krɯːm
*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
*ɡram
*ɡram
*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
*nɯːms
*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
*sɢrɯm
*sɡrɯm
*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
*sɡrɯm
*ɡjɯms
*krɯm
*krɯm
*krɯm
*kʰrɯm
*kʰrɯmʔ
*kʰrɯms
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯms
*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
*ŋɡrɯm
*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
*qrɯm
*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
*qrɯms
*qrɯms
*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (31) (31)
Final () (140) (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () Chongniu III Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋˠiɪm/ /ŋˠiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋᵚim/ /ŋᵚimH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiem/ /ŋiemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋjim/ /ŋjimH/
Li
Rong
/ŋjəm/ /ŋjəmH/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭĕm/ /ŋĭĕmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯əm/ /ŋi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yín yìn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yín
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngim ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/
English chant, intone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6618 6620
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋɡrɯm/ /*ŋɡrɯms/

Definitions

  1. to recite; to chant
  2. to groan
  3. (literature) a type of poetry
  4. (of birds or insects) to sing

Compounds

  • 低吟 (dīyín)
  • 匣裡龍吟匣里龙吟
  • 叉手吟
  • 吟吟沉沉
  • 吟味 (yínwèi)
  • 吟哦 (yín'é)
  • 吟唱 (yínchàng)
  • 吟嘯吟啸
  • 吟壇吟坛
  • 吟猱
  • 吟社
  • 吟籟吟籁
  • 吟蛩
  • 吟詠吟咏 (yínyǒng)
  • 吟詠性情吟咏性情
  • 吟詠情性吟咏情性
  • 狂吟老監狂吟老监
  • 獨吟独吟
  • 白頭吟白头吟
  • 笑吟吟 (xiàoyínyín)
  • 莊舄越吟庄舄越吟
  • 虎嘯龍吟虎啸龙吟
  • 蛙鼓蟲吟蛙鼓虫吟
  • 行吟
  • 行吟坐詠行吟坐咏
  • 謳吟讴吟
  • 返吟復吟返吟复吟
  • 遊子吟游子吟
  • 長吟长吟
  • 龍吟龙吟
  • 龍吟虎嘯龙吟虎啸

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(eum) (hangeul , revised eum, McCuneReischauer ŭm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: ngâm ((ngư)(âm)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: ngẫm[1][2][3][4], ngậm[1][2][3][4], ngâm[1][2][3], cầm[1][2], ngắm[1][3], gầm[1][3], gặm[3][4], gẫm[3][4], ngăm[3][4], ngăn[3][4], câm[1], căm[1], cằm[1], ngầm[1], ngẩm[3], ngợm[3]

  1. Hán tự form of ngâm (to recite; to read in a singing voice).

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
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