吟

See also: 呤
吟 U+541F, 吟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541F
← 吞
[U+541E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吠 →
[U+5420]

Translingual

Han character

吟 (radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈弓 (ROIN), four-corner 68027, composition ⿰口今)

Derived characters
  • 荶, 𡷧, 𫕖, 𠤾, 𣵴, 𦛽, 𥆽, 𪑑, 𩒻

References
  • KangXi: page 177, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 591, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+541F

Chinese
trad. 吟
simp. # 吟

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 吟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms) : semantic 口 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 吟 吟
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 侵 (140) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) Chongniu III Chongniu III
Fanqie 魚金切 宜禁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠiɪm/ /ŋˠiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚim/ /ŋᵚimH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiem/ /ŋiemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋjim/ /ŋjimH/
Li
Rong		 /ŋjəm/ /ŋjəmH/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭĕm/ /ŋĭĕmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯əm/ /ŋi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yín yìn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/
English chant, intone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吟 吟
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6618 6620
Phonetic
component		 今 今
Rime
group		 侵 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 吟 吟
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋɡrɯm/ /*ŋɡrɯms/

Definitions

吟

  1. to recite; to chant
  2. to groan
  3. (literature) a type of poetry
  4. (of birds or insects) to sing

Compounds
  • 低吟 (dīyín)
  • 匣裡龍吟／匣里龙吟
  • 叉手吟
  • 吟吟沉沉
  • 吟味 (yínwèi)
  • 吟哦 (yín'é)
  • 吟唱 (yínchàng)
  • 吟嘯／吟啸
  • 吟壇／吟坛
  • 吟猱
  • 吟社
  • 吟籟／吟籁
  • 吟蛩
  • 吟詠／吟咏 (yínyǒng)
  • 吟詠性情／吟咏性情
  • 吟詠情性／吟咏情性
  • 狂吟老監／狂吟老监
  • 獨吟／独吟
  • 白頭吟／白头吟
  • 笑吟吟 (xiàoyínyín)
  • 莊舄越吟／庄舄越吟
  • 虎嘯龍吟／虎啸龙吟
  • 蛙鼓蟲吟／蛙鼓虫吟
  • 行吟
  • 行吟坐詠／行吟坐咏
  • 謳吟／讴吟
  • 返吟復吟／返吟复吟
  • 遊子吟／游子吟
  • 長吟／长吟
  • 龍吟／龙吟
  • 龍吟虎嘯／龙吟虎啸

Japanese

Kanji
吟

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

吟 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm)

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Vietnamese

Han character

吟: Hán Việt readings: ngâm (魚(ngư)音(âm)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
吟: Nôm readings: ngẫm[1][2][3][4], ngậm[1][2][3][4], ngâm[1][2][3], cầm[1][2], ngắm[1][3], gầm[1][3], gặm[3][4], gẫm[3][4], ngăm[3][4], ngăn[3][4], câm[1], căm[1], cằm[1], ngầm[1], ngẩm[3], ngợm[3]

  1. Hán tự form of ngâm (“to recite; to read in a singing voice”).

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
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