琴
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Translingual
Han character
琴 (radical 96, 玉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一土人戈弓 (MGOIN), four-corner 11207, composition ⿱玨今)
References
- KangXi: page 735, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21079
- Dae Jaweon: page 1147, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1119, character 7
- Unihan data for U+7434
Chinese
trad. | 琴 | |
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simp. # | 琴 | |
variant forms |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 琴 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
馠 | *qʰɯːm |
谽 | *qʰɯːm |
唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
含 | *ɡɯːm |
肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
筨 | *ɡɯːm |
梒 | *ɡɯːm |
鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
琀 | *ɡɯːms |
浛 | *ɡɯːms |
盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
玪 | *krɯːm |
妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
鈐 | *ɡram |
鳹 | *ɡram |
雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
念 | *nɯːms |
梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
枔 | *sɢrɯm |
岑 | *sɡrɯm |
笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
涔 | *sɡrɯm |
侺 | *ɡjɯms |
今 | *krɯm |
黅 | *krɯm |
衿 | *krɯm |
衾 | *kʰrɯm |
坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
搇 | *kʰrɯms |
琴 | *ɡrɯm |
禽 | *ɡrɯm |
芩 | *ɡrɯm |
庈 | *ɡrɯm |
耹 | *ɡrɯm |
靲 | *ɡrɯm |
擒 | *ɡrɯm |
檎 | *ɡrɯm |
紟 | *ɡrɯms |
吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
陰 | *qrɯm |
霠 | |
飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
蔭 | *qrɯms |
廕 | *qrɯms |
矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 珡 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).
Pronunciation
Definitions
琴
- (music) qin (“Chinese zithers”), referring to any of several traditional Chinese musical instruments, most famously the guqin
- † to play the qin
- (music) collective name for certain musical instruments, usually of string or keyboard types, such as piano, organ, violin, cello, huqin, accordion, harmonica, etc.
Compounds
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Etymology 2
See 琴日.
Pronunciation
Japanese
Readings
Compounds
- 琴棋, 琴碁 (kinki)
- 琴棋書画 (kinkishoga)
- 琴曲 (kinkyoku, “koto music”)
- 琴弦, 琴絃 (kingen)
- 琴瑟 (kinshitsu, “qin and se → "marital harmony"”)
- 玉琴 (gyokkin)
- 奚琴 (keikin, “xiqin”)
- 携琴 (keikin)
- 月琴 (gekkin, “yueqin”)
- 古琴 (kokin, “guqin”)
- 口琴 (kōkin, “Jew's harp”, literally “mouth harp”)
- 自鳴琴 (jimeikin, “music box”)
- 焦尾琴 (shōbikin)
- 弾琴 (dankin, “koto playing”)
- 提琴 (teikin, “tiqin”)
- 鉄琴 (tekkin, “metallophone”)
- 手風琴 (tefūkin, “accordion”)
- 二弦琴 (nigen-kin)
- 馬頭琴 (batōkin)
- 口琴 (biyabon, “Edo-period mouth harp”)
- 風琴 (fūkin, “organ”)
- 木琴 (mokkin, “xylophone”)
- 洋琴 (yōkin, “yangqin”)
- 和琴 (wagon)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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琴 |
こと Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
⟨ko2to2⟩ → */kətə/ → /koto/
From Old Japanese, attested in the three major literature works of the Nara period: the Kojiki (712 CE), the Nihon Shoki (720 CE), and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).[1]
Possibly derived from a compound of elements 木 (ko, “tree, wood”, combining form) + 音 (oto, “sound”), with the additional medial o dropped by haplology.
Alternative forms
- (Japanese zither): 箏
Noun
- a koto (Japanese zither)
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 74)
- 加良怒袁志本爾夜岐斯賀阿麻理許登爾都久理賀岐比久夜由良能斗能斗那賀能伊久理爾布禮多都那豆能紀能佐夜佐夜 [Man'yōgana]
- 枯野を塩に焼き其が余り琴に作り掻き弾くや由良の門の門中のいくりに振れ立つなづの木のさやさや [Modern spelling]
- Karano o shio ni yaki shi ga amari koto ni tsukuri kakihiku ya Yura-no-to no tonaka no ikuri ni furetatsu nazu no ki no sayasaya
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 74)
- (colloquial) a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither), where the koto was based on [since after the Edo period]
- Synonym: 箏 (sō)
Derived terms
- 琴頭 (kotogami)
- こと座 (Koto-za, “Lyra”)
- 琴柱 (kotoji, “bridge of a koto”)
- 琴尾, 琴後 (kotojiri)
- 琴爪 (kotozume, “koto plectrum”)
- 琴鳥 (kotodori, “superb lyrebird”)
- 琴弾き (kotohiki)
- 東琴 (azumagoto)
- 出雲琴 (Izumo-goto)
- 須磨琴 (Suma-goto)
- 小琴 (ogoto)
- 百済琴 (Kudara-goto)
- 新羅琴 (Shiragi-goto)
- 箏の琴 (sō no koto)
- 大正琴 (Taishō-goto)
- 竪琴 (tategoto)
- 玉琴 (tamagoto)
- 琵琶琴 (Biwa-goto)
- 八雲琴 (yakumo-goto)
- 大和琴 (Yamato-goto)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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琴 |
きん Grade: S |
kan’on |
/kim/ → /kimʉ/ → /kiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 琴 (MC ɡˠiɪm). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Derived terms
- 琴線 (kinsen, “koto string → heartstrings”)
- 一弦琴, 一絃琴 (ichigenkin)
- 七弦琴, 七絃琴 (shichigenkin)
- 二弦琴, 二絃琴 (nigenkin)
- 六弦琴, 六絃琴 (rokugenkin)
See also
Etymology 3
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun
琴 (hiragana くむ, rōmaji Kumu)
- a surname.
- a surname.
琴 (hiragana ことえ, rōmaji Kotoe)
- a female given name
琴 (hiragana ことざき, rōmaji Kotozaki)
- a surname.
琴 (hiragana ことみ, rōmaji Kotomi)
- a female given name
Korean
Hanja
琴 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)
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Vietnamese
Han character
琴 (cầm)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.