呼吸

Chinese
to breathe out to breathe in
simp. and trad.
(呼吸)		 呼 吸

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 呼 吸
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 緝 (142)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I Chongniu III
Fanqie 荒烏切 許及切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /huo/ /hˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /huo/ /hᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xo/ /xiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɔ/ /hjip̚/
Li
Rong		 /xo/ /xjəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /xu/ /xĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xuo/ /xi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hū xi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 呼 吸
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hū xī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xu › ‹ xip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰˁa/ /*qʰ(r)əp/
English call out, shout inhale

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 呼 吸
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 5181 5667
Phonetic
component		 乎 及
Rime
group		 魚 緝
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 呼 吸
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰaː/ /*qʰrɯb/

Verb

呼吸

  1. to breathe; to exhale and inhale; (sometimes specifically) to breathe in; to inhale
    深呼吸  ―  shēn hūxī  ―  to breathe deeply
    調整呼吸 / 调整呼吸  ―  tiáozhěng hūxī  ―  to adjust one's breathing
    呼吸器官  ―  hūxī qìguān  ―  respiratory organ
    呼吸困難 / 呼吸困难  ―  hūxī kùnnán  ―  (to have) breathing difficulty
    呼吸急促  ―  hūxī jícù  ―  to have laboured breathing
    呼吸新鮮空氣 / 呼吸新鲜空气  ―  hūxī xīnxiān kōngqì  ―  to breathe in fresh air
    已經沒有了呼吸 / 已经没有了呼吸  ―  yǐjīng méiyǒu le hūxī  ―  to be no longer breathing

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 呼吸 (“to breathe”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 呼吸
Mandarin Beijing 呼吸
Taiwan 呼吸
Cantonese Guangzhou 唞氣
Min Nan Xiamen 喘氣
Quanzhou 喘氣
Zhangzhou 喘氣
Taipei 喘氣
Penang 喘氣

Derived terms
Derived terms from 呼吸

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (呼吸):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
呼 吸
こ
Grade: 6		 きゅう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

呼吸 (hiragana こきゅう, rōmaji kokyū, historical hiragana こきふ)

  1. a breath
  2. respiration
  3. knack; the trick (to something)

Derived terms

See also

Verb

呼吸する (suru conjugation, hiragana こきゅうする, rōmaji kokyū suru, historical hiragana こきふする)

  1. breathe, respire

Conjugation
Conjugation of "呼吸する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 呼吸し こきゅうし kokyū shi
Continuative (連用形) 呼吸し こきゅうし kokyū shi
Terminal (終止形) 呼吸する こきゅうする kokyū suru
Attributive (連体形) 呼吸する こきゅうする kokyū suru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 呼吸すれ こきゅうすれ kokyū sure
Imperative (命令形) 呼吸せよ¹
呼吸しろ²		 こきゅうせよ¹
こきゅうしろ²		 kokyū seyo¹
kokyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 呼吸される こきゅうされる kokyū sareru
Causative 呼吸させる
呼吸さす		 こきゅうさせる
こきゅうさす		 kokyū saseru
kokyū sasu
Potential 呼吸できる こきゅうできる kokyū dekiru
Volitional 呼吸しよう こきゅうしよう kokyū shiyō
Negative 呼吸しない こきゅうしない kokyū shinai
Negative continuative 呼吸せず こきゅうせず kokyū sezu
Formal 呼吸します こきゅうします kokyū shimasu
Perfective 呼吸した こきゅうした kokyū shita
Conjunctive 呼吸して こきゅうして kokyū shite
Hypothetical conditional 呼吸すれば こきゅうすれば kokyū sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
呼吸

Noun

呼吸 • (hoheup) (hangeul 호흡)

  1. Hanja form? of 호흡 (“breath”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
呼吸

Verb

呼吸

  1. Hán tự form of hô hấp (“to breathe”).
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