安石榴

Chinese

		Empire]]; Parthian Empire	pomegranate
simp. and trad. (安石榴)		安石	榴

Etymology

So named as it was brought to China by Zhang Qian from the Arsacid Empire (安石) in Irania.

The botanist Li Shizhen suggests that 榴 (OC *m·ru) here is the same as 瘤 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus, “lump, tumour”), as the pomegranate fruit resembles cancerous outgrowth on the body.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ānshíliú

(Zhuyin): ㄢㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ānshíliú
  - Zhuyin: ㄢㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: anshyliou
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɑn d͡ʑiᴇk̚ lɨu/▼

Rime
Character	安	石	榴
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	常 (25)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	昔 (123)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	III
Fanqie	烏寒切	常隻切	力求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/	/lɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/	/liu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/	/liəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔan/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/	/luw/
Li Rong	/ʔɑn/	/ʑiɛk̚/	/liu/
Wang Li	/ɑn/	/ʑĭɛk̚/	/lĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑn/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/	/li̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ān	shí	liú

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*qaːn djaɡ m·ru/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	安	安	安	石
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ān	ān	ān	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ 'an ›	‹ 'an ›	‹ 'an ›	‹ dzyek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*dAk/
English	peace(ful)	how	安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)	stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	安	石	榴
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	11	11470	8886
Phonetic component	安	石	卯
Rime group	元	鐸	幽
Rime subdivision	1	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	安	石	劉
Old Chinese	/*qaːn/	/*djaɡ/	/*m·ru/

Noun

安石榴

(archaic) Original form of 石榴 (shíliú, “pomegranate”).

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