幸

幸 (radical 51, 干+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土廿十 (GTJ), four-corner 4040₁, composition ⿱土𢆉)

• 倖 執 婞 睪

• KangXi: page 341, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9176
• Dae Jaweon: page 649, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 434, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5E78

Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 屰 (“opposite”) + 夭 (“death”) – lucky to be alive; fortunate.

幸

1. fortunate; lucky
2. luckily; fortunately
3. luck; fortune
4. favor

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←ぎやう (gyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: しあわせ (shiawase, 幸せ, Jōyō)^{←しあはせ (siafase, historical)}; さいわい (saiwai, 幸い, Jōyō)^{←さいはひ (saifafi, historical)}; さきわい (sakiwai, 幸い)^{←さきはひ (sakifafi, historical)}; さき (saki); さちわい (sachiwai, 幸い)^{←さちはひ (satifafi, historical)}; さち (sachi, 幸, Jōyō); さつ (satsu)
• Nanori: ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)

• 射幸心
• 薄幸

/kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 幸 (hɛng^X, literally “lucky, fortunate, auspicious”). The kan'on, so a later borrowing.

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) こ​ー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

幸 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō)

1. good luck, good fortune; happiness
2. an appearance by the emperor or a retired emperor

The good fortune and happiness senses are generally considered as overlapping.

• (good fortune): 幸福 (こうふく) (kōfuku); 幸 (さいわ)い (saiwai); 幸 (さち) (sachi)
• (happiness): 仕合 (しあわ)せ, 幸 (しあわ)せ (shiawase)
• (imperial appearance): 行幸 (みゆき), 御行 (みゆき), 御幸 (みゆき) (miyuki); 御幸 (ごこう) (gokō)

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 為合わす, 仕合わす (shiawasu, “to put together well; to work together well”, lower bigrade, with continuative form ending in -e), itself a compound of Old Japanese verbs 為 (su, “to do, to make something be a certain way”) + 合わす (awasu, “to join together, to fit together”).[2][1]

Often spelled 幸せ with the final せ to indicate the reading.

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) しあわせ [shìáwásé] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ɕia̠ɰᵝa̠se̞]

• 幸せ, 仕合せ, 仕合わせ, 倖せ

幸 (-na inflection, hiragana しあわせ, rōmaji shiawase, historical hiragana しあはせ)

1. happy
2. fortunate, lucky

幸 (hiragana しあわせ, rōmaji shiawase, historical hiragana しあはせ)

1. a moment when circumstances come together: fate, opportunity (used to indicate both good and bad instances)
2. happiness
3. good fortune, good luck
4. circumstances, the flow of events

• (fate): 運命 (うんめい) (unmei)
• (opportunity): 機 (き)会 (かい) (kikai)
• (happiness): 幸福 (こうふく) (kōfuku)
• (good fortune): 幸 (さいわ)い (saiwai), 幸 (こう)運 (うん) (kōun)
• (circumstances): 経緯 (いきさつ) (ikisatsu)

/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/ → /saiwai/

Derived from sakiwai below.[2][1]

More often spelled as 幸い with the final い to indicate the reading.

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) さいわい [sàíwáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [sa̠iɰᵝa̠i]

• 幸い

幸 (-na inflection, hiragana さいわい, rōmaji saiwai, historical hiragana さいはひ)

1. very fortunate and happy, especially as bestowed by gods, spirits, buddhas, or other entities
2. favorable, ideal (often used in polite constructions)

   お返事 (へんじ)をいただければ幸 (さいわ)いです。

   Ohenji o itadakereba saiwai desu.

   It would be favorable if I could have your reply. → I would greatly appreciate your reply.

幸 (hiragana さいわい, rōmaji saiwai, historical hiragana さいはひ)

1. fortunately, luckily, happily

   幸 (さいわい)、怪 (け)我 (が)はなかった。

   Saiwai, kega wa nakatta.

   Luckily, no one was hurt.

When used as an adverb without a particle, this term usually comes at the start of the sentence. It also appears used with advervial particles に (ni) and と (to), or, perhaps more commonly, in an adverbial construction as 幸なことに.

幸 (hiragana さいわい, rōmaji saiwai, historical hiragana さいはひ)

1. very good fortune and happiness, especially as bestowed by gods, spirits, buddhas, or other entities
2. an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
3. (derivation unknown) the tail and back fins of a carp or other fish, as used in cooking

• (favorable occurrence): 幸 (しあわ)せ (shiawase)
• (happiness): 幸 (しあわ)せ (shiawase), 幸福 (こうふく) (kōfuku)
• (fish tail and back fins): 尾 (お)鰭 (ひれ) (ohire)

/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 幸う (sakiwau, “to meet with good fortune; to prosper”), itself a compound of 幸 (saki below, “good fortune, happiness”) + 這う, 延う (hau, “to spread out widely”).[2]

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [sa̠kʲiɰᵝa̠i]

• 幸い

幸 (hiragana さきわい, rōmaji sakiwai, historical hiragana さきはひ)

1. (obsolete) an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
2. (obsolete) good luck or good fortune itself

Obsolete in modern Japanese, replaced by saiwai above.

• (good fortune): 幸福 (こうふく) (kōfuku); 幸 (さいわ)い (saiwai); 幸 (さち) (sachi)

From Old Japanese.[2] Possibly cognate with 先 (saki, “tip, point; future, ahead”) from the idea of [favorable] future. Possibly also related to sachi / satsu below.

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [sa̠kʲi]

幸 (hiragana さき, rōmaji saki)

1. (obsolete) good luck, good fortune; happiness

   c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 4095)

   大夫能 許己呂於毛保由 於保伎美能 美許登佐吉乎 聞者多布刀美

   大夫の 心思ほゆ 大君の 御言の幸を 聞けば貴み

   ますらをの こころおもほゆ おほきみの みことのさきを きけばたふとみ

   Masurawo no | kokoro omohoyu | Ohokimi no | mikoto no saki wo | kikeba tafutomi

   “Such manliness of spirit is brought to mind. How noble to hear of the happiness / good fortune of the words of the emperor...”

The good fortune and happiness senses are generally considered as overlapping.

Saki in this sense appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

• (good fortune): 幸福 (こうふく) (kōfuku); 幸 (さいわ)い (saiwai); 幸 (さち) (sachi)

/sat͡ɕipapi/ → /sat͡ɕiɸaɸi/ → /sat͡ɕiwahi/ → /sat͡ɕiwai/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 幸う (sachiwau, “to meet with good fortune; to prosper”), itself a compound of 幸 (sachi below, “good fortune, happiness”) + 這う, 延う (hau, “to spread out widely”).[2]

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡ɕiɰᵝa̠i]

• 幸い

幸 (hiragana さちわい, rōmaji sachiwai, historical hiragana さちはひ)

1. (obsolete, rare) an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
2. (obsolete, rare) good luck or good fortune itself

Obsolete in modern Japanese, replaced by saiwai above. In historical Japanese, sachiwai appears to be a rarer variant of sakiwai above.

• (good fortune): 幸福 (こうふく) (kōfuku); 幸 (さいわ)い (saiwai); 幸 (さち) (sachi)

From Old Japanese[2], from Proto-Japonic *satuy. Possibly cognate with Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”). Possibly also related with saki above.

The kanji may have originally been applied to this word for the source Chinese term's associations with good fortune.

This is the standalone form of satsu below. Possibly derived as the fusion of satsu and Old Japanese emphatic nominalizing particle い: */satu i/ → /sati/ → /sat͡ɕi/

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) さ​ち [sáꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡ɕi]

幸 (-na inflection, hiragana さち, rōmaji sachi)

1. very fortunate and happy

幸 (hiragana さち, rōmaji sachi)

1. (archaic) a hunting implement; the spirit of a hunting implement
2. a bounteous catch (for fishing), amply caught game (for hunting); food (specifically animal protein caught in the wild: fish or game)
3. good fortune, good luck; happiness

From Old Japanese[2], from Proto-Japonic *satu. Possibly cognate with Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”). Possibly also related with saki above.

The kanji may have originally been applied to this word for the source Chinese term's associations with good fortune.

This is the bound form of sachi above. This form is only ever used in compounds. Possibly the original form.

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡sɨᵝ]

• 猟

幸 (hiragana さつ, rōmaji satsu-)

1. (obsolete) hunting, for hunting

   幸 (さつ)矢 (や)、幸 (さつ)弓 (ゆみ)、幸 (さつ)人 (ひと)

   satsuya, satsuyumi, satsuhito

   a hunting arrow, a hunting bow, a hunter

幸 • (haeng) (hangeul 행, revised haeng, McCune–Reischauer haeng)

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幸 (hạnh, may)

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