憐

See also: 怜

憐	U+6190, 憐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6190

← 憏
[U+618F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憑 →
[U+6191]

Translingual

Han character

憐 (radical 61, 心+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 心火木手 (PFDQ), four-corner 9905₉, composition ⿰忄粦)

References

KangXi: page 402, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11206

Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2356, character 7

Unihan data for U+6190

Chinese

trad.		憐
simp.		怜^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (粦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
潾	rriːn, rin
膦	*renʔ
憐	*riːn
燐	rin, rins
鄰	*rin
轔	rin, rins
嶙	rin, rinʔ
粼	rin, rins
磷	rin, rins
疄	rin, rins
麟	*rin
鱗	*rin
璘	*rin
翷	*rin
瞵	rin, rins
獜	rin, reːŋ
驎	*rin
鏻	rin, rins, *reːŋ
繗	*rin
僯	*rinʔ
橉	rinʔ, rins
撛	rinʔ, rins
遴	*rins
粦	*rins
甐	*rins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *riːn) : 忄 (“heart”) + 粦.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lián (lian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): lin²
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): liân / lîn

(Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁵ / liêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lián
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lien²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
  - IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lin⁴
  - Yale: lìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lin²
  - IPA: /lin¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân / lîn
  - Tâi-lô: liân / lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lieen, liin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²⁴/, /lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn²⁴/, /lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn¹³/, /lin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɛn²⁴/, /lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³/, /lin²³/

Note:

liân - literary;
lîn - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liang⁵ / liêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâng / liêng
  - IPA ^(key): /liaŋ⁵⁵/, /lieŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

liang5 - Shantou;
liêng5 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: /len/▼

Rime
Character	憐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	落賢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len/
Pan Wuyun	/len/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn/
Li Rong	/len/
Wang Li	/lien/
Bernard Karlgren	/lien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*rˤiŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*riːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ len ›
Old Chinese	/*rˁiŋ/
English	love; pity
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憐
Reading #	1/1
No.	8193
Phonetic component	粦
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	蓮
Old Chinese	/*riːn/

Definitions

憐

to pity; to sympathize
Synonyms: 憐憫／怜悯 (liánmǐn)
(literary) love; tender affection

Compounds

可憐／可怜 (kělián)
哀憐／哀怜 (āilián)
愛憐／爱怜 (àilián)
憐恤／怜恤 (liánxù)

憐惜／怜惜 (liánxī)
憐惜／怜惜 (liánxī)
憐愛／怜爱 (lián'ài)

憐憫／怜悯 (liánmǐn)
憐貧惜老／怜贫惜老
憐香惜玉／怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)

Japanese

Kanji

憐

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

On (unclassified): れん (ren)
Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 憐れむ); あわれみ (awaremi, 憐れみ)

Korean

Hanja

憐 • (ryeon, yeon) (hangeul 련, 연, revised ryeon, yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn, yŏn, Yale lyen, yen)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

憐 (lân, liên)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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