柴

See also: 茈
柴 U+67F4, 柴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F4
← 柳
[U+67F3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柵 →
[U+67F5]

Translingual

Han character

柴 (radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心木 (YPD), four-corner 21904, composition ⿱此木)

References
  • KangXi: page 521, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14664
  • Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1197, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+67F4

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 柴

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 柴
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
些 *saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs
跐 *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ
柴 *zreː
祡 *zreː
茈 *zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze
眦 *zreːs
砦 *zraːds
寨 *zraːds, *slɯːɡ
啙 *ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ
泚 *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ
玼 *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze
皉 *sʰeːʔ
鮆 *zeːʔ, *ʔse
眥 *zeːs, *zes
貲 *ʔse
髭 *ʔse
頾 *ʔse
訾 *ʔse, *ʔseʔ
鴜 *ʔse, *ze
鈭 *ʔse, *sʰe
姕 *ʔse, *sʰe, *ze
觜 *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ
紫 *ʔseʔ
訿 *ʔseʔ
呰 *ʔseʔ
嘴 *ʔseʔ
雌 *sʰe
此 *sʰeʔ
佌 *sʰeʔ, *seʔ
庛 *sʰes
疵 *ze
骴 *ze, *zes
胔 *ze, *zes
飺 *ze
齜 *ʔsre

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木.

Etymology

Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • chhâ - vernacular;
  • chhâi - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 柴
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰai³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sʰai²⁴/
/ʈ͡ʂʰai²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰai⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰai²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰai⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰai³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰai²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰæ³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰae²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰe̞⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰai¹¹/ 片～
/t͡sʰai⁴⁵/ ～市巷
Pingyao /sæ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /za²³/
Suzhou /zɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡ze̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /za³¹/
Hui Shexian /sa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /sa⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zai¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰai²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰai¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰeu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰai²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰai²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰai²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰai³⁵/
/t͡sʰa³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰa⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰau³³/ 訓讀
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰa⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sai³¹/
/sa³¹/
Rime
Character 柴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 士佳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʒˠɛ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖ͡ʐᵚæ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʒæi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖ͡ʐaɨj/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʒɛ/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʒai/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɖ͡ʐʱai/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chái
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzrɛ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[C.dz]ˁre(j)/
English firewood

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柴
Reading # 1/1
No. 1688
Phonetic
component		 此
Rime
group		 支
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 柴
Old
Chinese		 /*zreː/

Definitions

柴

  1. faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel)
  2. firewood; brushwood; wood
  3. † to burn firewood and worship heaven
  4. † fuzz stick; old wood
  5. (dialectal) bony
  6. (dialectal) lean; hard to chew
  7. (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull
  8. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stringy; fibrous; hard to chew (of food)
  9. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 柴

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

柴

  1. † to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood)
    鹿柴  ―  Lùzhài  ―  Deer Fence, a poem by Wang Wei
  2. † to cover; to place something over
  3. † to stop; to block; to obstruct
  4. † Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “defending fence”).
  5. † Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “villa”).

Compounds
Derived terms from 柴

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji
柴

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. brushwood
  2. firewood

Readings
  • Go-on: ぜ (ze)
  • Kan-on: さい (sai)
  • Kun: しば (shiba, 柴)

Etymology
Kanji in this term
柴
しば
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

柴 (hiragana しば, rōmaji shiba)

  1. brushwood, firewood

Proper noun

柴 (hiragana しば, rōmaji Shiba)

  1. A surname​.

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

柴 • (si, chae) (hangeul 시, 채, revised si, chae, McCune–Reischauer si, ch'ae, Yale si, chay)

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Vietnamese

Han character

柴 (sài, thầy, thài, thày, sầy, xầy)

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