沈

See also: 沉, 瀋, and 渖
沈 U+6C88, 沈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C88
← 沇
[U+6C87] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沉 →
[U+6C89]

Translingual

Han character

沈 (radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水中月山 (ELBU), four-corner 34112, composition ⿰氵冘)

References
  • KangXi: page 610, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17189
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1002, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1572, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6C88

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 沈
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冘 *lu, *lum
抌 *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ
狖 *lus
貁 *lus
耽 *ʔl'uːm
眈 *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm
酖 *ʔl'uːm
妉 *ʔl'uːm
黕 *ʔl'uːmʔ
衴 *ʔl'uːmʔ
瓭 *ʔl'uːmʔ
馾 *ʔl'uːms
髧 *l'uːmʔ
紞 *ʔl'oːmʔ
鈂 *zlum, *l'um
沈 *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ
沉 *l'um
枕 *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums
莐 *l'um
霃 *l'um
鴆 *l'ums
訦 *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ
忱 *ɦljum
邥 *hljumʔ
魫 *hljumʔ

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 水 (“water”) + 羊 (“sheep”) — to submerge a sheep into the water (as a form of sacrifice to the river god). Other forms included 牛 (“ox”) or 玉 (“jade”) instead of 羊.

Starting from the bronze inscriptions, it became a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 冘 (OC *lu, *lum).

This character was later borrowed to signify the surname, and the variant 沉 (OC *l'um) was adopted for the original meaning.

Etymology 1
For pronunciation and definitions of 沈 – see 瀋 (“liquid; juice; to pour; etc.”).
(This character, 沈, is the simplified form of 瀋.)
Notes:

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 沈 – see 沉 (“to sink; to submerge; to fall; to sink; to subside; etc.”).
(This character, 沈, is a variant form of 沉.)

Usage notes

This variant form is the name of the sixty-fourth tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍅), as listed in the ancient text.

Etymology 3
simp. and trad.
 沈

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 沈
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式任切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕimX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕimX/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiəmX/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭĕmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shěn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 沈
Reading # 5/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shěn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syimX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s.t][ə]mʔ/
English (name of a state)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沈
Reading # 3/3
No. 15267
Phonetic
component		 冘
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*hljumʔ/
Notes 周國名，荏由任校改同集韻

Definitions

沈

  1. Shen, a state during the Zhou dynasty and located in modern-day Henan
  2. A surname​.

Compounds
  • 沈腰潘鬢／沈腰潘鬓
  • 潘鬢沈腰／潘鬓沈腰

Etymology 4
simp. and trad.
 沈

Pronunciation

Definitions

沈

  1. Only used in 沈沈.

Japanese

Kanji
沈

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. sink
  2. be submerged
  3. subside
  4. be depressed
  5. aloes

Readings

Korean

Hanja

沈 • (chim, sim) (hangeul 침, 심, revised chim, im, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, sim, Yale chim, sim)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

沈 (đắm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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