灯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : semantic 火 + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).

灯 (radical 86, 火+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火一弓 (FMN), composition ⿰火丁)

• KangXi: page 665, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18855
• Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2188, character 3
• Unihan data for U+706F

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 燈)

As shinjitai/variant kanji of 燈:

• Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Tō-on: とん (ton)

As unsimplified kanji 灯:

• Go-on: ちょう (chō)^{←ちやう (tyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: てい (tei)
• Tō-on: ちん (chin)

Readings shared by both kanji:

• Kun: ひ (hi, 灯, Jōyō); あかし (akashi, 灯); あかり (akari, 灯り); とぼし (toboshi, 灯し); とぼす (tobosu, 灯す); とぼる (toboru, 灯る); ともし (tomoshi, 灯し); ともしび (tomoshibi, 灯); ともす (tomosu, 灯す); ともる (tomoru, 灯る); ほ (ho, 灯)

From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC təŋ).

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) と​ー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana とう, rōmaji tō)

1. a light, lamp

   Synonym: 明かり (akari)

• 灯 (とう)心 (しみ), 灯 (とう)芯 (しみ) (tōshimi, “wick”)
• 終 (しゅう)夜 (や)灯 (とう) (shūyatō)
• 電 (でん)灯 (とう) (dentō)
• 電 (でん)気 (き)灯 (とう) (denkitō)

• 灯 (とう)滅 (めっ)せんとして光 (ひかり)を増 (ま)す (tō messen to shite hikari o masu)

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana とう, rōmaji -tō)

1. counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”)

• 一 (いっ)灯 (とう) (ittō)

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana とう, rōmaji -tō)

1. electric light

• アーク灯 (とう) (āku-tō)

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana とう, rōmaji tō)

1. light, lamp
2. Buddhist teaching

First attested around the 10th century.

From 点し (tomoshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu, “to light”).

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ともし [tòmóshí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • (Tokyo) ともし​ [tòmóshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [to̞mo̞ɕi]

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana ともし, rōmaji tomoshi)

1. a light
2. Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting

• 灯 (ともし)油 (あぶら) (tomoshiabura)
• 灯 (ともしび), 灯 (ともし)火 (び), 燭 (ともしび) (tomoshibi)

Compound of 点し (tomoshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tomosu), “to light”‎) +‎ 火 (hi, “fire”).

The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

• 灯火, 燭

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ともしび [tòmóshíbí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • (Tokyo) ともし​び [tòmóshíꜜbì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [to̞mo̞ɕibʲi]

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana ともしび, rōmaji tomoshibi)

1. a light
   • 1986, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), “君をのせて [Reaching You]”, performed by Azumi Inoue:

     地 (ち)球 (きゅう)はまわる君 (きみ)をかくして　輝 (かがや)く瞳 (ひとみ)きらめく灯 (ともしび)...

     Chikyū wa mawaru kimi o kakushite kagayaku hitomi kirameku tomoshibi

     The Earth spins, hiding your shining pupils and glittering lights.

   Synonyms: 明かり (akari), 灯火 (tōka)

2. a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch)
3. (historical, obsolete) under the Ritsuryō system in the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students

• 灯 (ともしび)消 (き)えんとして光 (ひかり)を増 (ま)す (tomoshibi kien toshite hikari o masu)

From 点し (toboshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu, “to light”, archaic).

Equivalent to a shift from tomoshi above, the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.

• 点火

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) とぼし [tòbóshí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • (Tokyo) とぼし​ [tòbóshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [to̞bo̞ɕi]

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana とぼし, rōmaji toboshi)

1. (archaic) an indoor torch
2. (archaic) Same as ともし (tomoshi) above

• 灯 (とぼし)油 (あぶら) (toboshiabura)
• 灯 (とぼしび), 灯 (とぼし)火 (び), 燭 (とぼしび) (toboshibi)

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana とぼし, rōmaji Toboshi)

1. a placename

Compound of 点し (toboshi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 点す (tobosu), “to light”‎, archaic) +‎ 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Equivalent to a shift from tomoshibi above, the nasal /-m-/ becomes plosive /-b-/.

• 灯火, 燭

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana とぼしび, rōmaji toboshibi)

1. (archaic) Same as ともしび (tomoshibi) above

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).[2]

• 明かし

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) あかし [àkáshí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [a̠ka̠ɕi]

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana あかし, rōmaji akashi)

1. a light, lamp
   • 1987, Takashi Taka (lyrics), Kōshō Inomata (music), “あばれ太鼓 [Raging Drums]”, performed by Fuyumi Sakamoto:

     櫓 (やぐら)太 (だい)鼓 (こ)の灯 (あかし)がゆれて　揃 (そろ)い浴衣 (ゆかた)の夏 (なつ)がゆく

     yagura-daiko no akashi ga yurete soroi yukata no natsu ga yuku

     The festival-commencing lamp sways, all in summer yukata have come.

2. (Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha

   Synonym: 御灯, 御明かし, 御灯明 (miakashi)

• 御 (み)灯 (あかし) (miakashi)

Cognate with and extension of 火 (hi, “fire”).[2]

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ひ​ [híꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [çi]

灯 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 燈, hiragana ひ, rōmaji hi)

1. a light, lamp
   • 1986, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), “君をのせて [Reaching You]”, performed by Azumi Inoue:

     ...たくさんの灯 (ひ)が懐 (なつ)かしいのは　あのどれかひとつに君 (きみ)がいるから

     takusan no hi ga natsukashii no wa ano doreka hitotsu ni kimi ga iru kara

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   Synonym: 明かり (akari)

• 灯 (ひ)涼 (すず)し (hisuzushi, “coolness of twinkling lights”)