Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros).
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 弋 | 山 | 離 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 以 (36) | 生 (21) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 職 (134) | 山 (73) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III | II | III |
| Fanqie | 哀都切 | 與職切 | 所閒切 | 力智切 |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔuo/ | /jɨk̚/ | /ʃˠɛn/ | /liᴇH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔuo/ | /jɨk̚/ | /ʃᵚæn/ | /liɛH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔo/ | /iek̚/ | /ʃæn/ | /ljɛH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔɔ/ | /jik̚/ | /ʂəɨn/ | /liə̆H/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔo/ | /iək̚/ | /ʃɛn/ | /lieH/ |
| Wang Li |
/u/ | /jĭək̚/ | /ʃæn/ | /lǐeH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔuo/ | /i̯ək̚/ | /ʂăn/ | /lie̯H/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wū | yì | shān | lì |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 弋 | 山 | 離 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wū | yì | shān | lì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔu › | ‹ yik › | ‹ srɛn › | ‹ ljeH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qˁa/ | /*lək/ | /*s-ŋrar/ | /*raj-s/ |
| English | crow, raven; black | shoot arrow with string attached | mountain, hill | reject |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 烏 | 弋 | 山 | 離 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| No. | 13077 | 14986 | 11052 | 7794 |
| Phonetic component |
烏 | 弋 | 山 | 离 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 職 | 元 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
烏 | 弋 | 山 | 詈 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qaː/ | /*lɯɡ/ | /*sreːn/ | /*rels/ |
烏弋山離