| to live and die; life-and-death | to live or die; life or death | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (生死存亡) |
生死 | 存亡 | |
| Literally: “to live or die, exist or perish”. | |||
| Rime | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) | 心 (16) | 從 (15) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 庚 (109) | 脂 (17) | 魂 (55) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | II | Chongniu III | I | III |
| Fanqie | 所庚切 | 所敬切 | 息姊切 | 徂尊切 | 武方切 |
| Reconstructions | |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʃˠæŋ/ | /ʃˠæŋH/ | /sˠiɪX/ | /d͡zuən/ | /mʉɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʃᵚaŋ/ | /ʃᵚaŋH/ | /sᵚiX/ | /d͡zuon/ | /mʷiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʃaŋ/ | /ʃaŋH/ | /siɪX/ | /d͡zuən/ | /miuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʂaɨjŋ/ | /ʂaɨjŋH/ | /sjiX/ | /d͡zwən/ | /muaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋH/ | /sjiX/ | /d͡zuən/ | /miuaŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋH/ | /siX/ | /d͡zuən/ | /mĭwaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʂɐŋ/ | /ʂɐŋH/ | /siX/ | /d͡zʱuən/ | /miwaŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shēng | shèng | sǐ | cún | wáng |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 生 | 生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shēng | shēng | shēng | sǐ | cún | wáng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ sræng › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ srjæng › | ‹ sijX › | ‹ dzwon › | ‹ mjang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sreŋ/ | /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sijʔ/ | /*[dz]ˁə[n]/ | /*maŋ/ |
| English | bear, be born; live | fresh, raw | bear, be born; live | die (v.) | exist | flee; disappear; die |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11312 | 11322 | 12006 | 1905 | 12662 |
| Phonetic component |
生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Rime group |
耕 | 耕 | 脂 | 文 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
生 | 生 | 死 | 存 | 亡 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sʰleːŋ/ | /*sreŋs/ | /*hljiʔ/ | /*zluːn/ | /*maŋ/ |