死
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Translingual
Han character
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死 (radical 78, 歹+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP), four-corner 10212, composition ⿸歹匕 or ⿱一⿰夕匕)
References
- KangXi: page 578, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16365
- Dae Jaweon: page 970, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1380, character 6
- Unihan data for U+6B7B
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
死 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 𣦸 𣦹 𠒁 𠑾 𦭀 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 死 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj.
Pronunciation
Definitions
死
Usage notes
- The adjective 死 ("dead, inactive, etc.") can not be used as a predicative adjective. The sentence *這隻狗死 generally does not mean "This dog is dead". For the meaning "is dead", usually the verb 死 in the perfect aspect ("to have died") is used instead:
- The verb 死 ("to die") lacks a present meaning and denotes either past (in perfect aspect) or future (not in perfect aspect) events. It can not be modified by the progressive aspect marker 正在 (zhèngzài) or 著／着 (zhe).
Synonyms
- (to die):
Synonyms of 死
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Compounds
Derived terms from 死
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Japanese
Etymology 1
Appears to be a conflation of Middle Chinese 死 (sijX) (compare modern Mandarin reading sǐ) with an Old Japanese root that happened to have a similar pronunciation to the Middle Chinese and was probably cognate with 去る (saru, “to go, to go away”).
In kanji compounds, this would be considered as on'yomi; on its own, this could be considered as either on'yomi or kun'yomi.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 死因 (shiin): cause of death
- 死王 (shiō): a dead king
- 死王 (Shiō): the Buddhist king of the dead
- 死火 (shika): a dead flame, a fire that has gone out; (Buddhism) the flame of death
- 死火山 (shikazan): an extinct volcano
- 死花 (shika): paper flowers used for a funeral
- 死花花 (shikabana): a decoration used at funerals consisting of white paper fringes on vertical stakes
- 死貨 (shika): a currency that is no longer circulated; any asset that is hoarded and not circulated
- 死海 (Shikai): the Dead Sea
- 死灰 (shikai): cold, dead ashes; the ashes remaining after cremation
- 死界 (shikai): the underworld, the world of the dead; a blind spot, somewhere out of view
- 死骸 (shigai): a corpse, a cadaver; a carcass
- 死角 (shikaku): a blind spot, somewhere out of view; dead ground where launched projectiles do not fall
- 死学 (shigaku): a field of study that has no practical use
- 死活 (shikatsu): life and death
- 死勘定 (shi kanjō): a dead account, a trading account that has no activity
- 死期 (shiki), 死期 (shigo): the time of death, the moment of one's death
- 死球 (shikyū): in baseball, a pitch that hits the batter, resulting in a free walk
- 死去 (shikyo): one's death, one's passing
- 死境 (shikyō): one's place of death; a deadly place
- 死菌 (shikin): a dead bacterium or inactive virus used as the basis for a vaccine
- 死句 (shiku): a plain phrase or line in a poem, containing no implied meanings; (Buddhism) an ascetic's unsaid words or phrases, due to mental mistakes
- 死苦 (shiku): (Buddhism) the sufferings of death
- 死刑 (shikei): capital punishment, the death penalty, execution
- 死結 (shiketsu): a kind of fragrant wood used in incense that is only fragrant years after harvesting
- 死後 (shigo): the time after one's death
- 死語 (shigo): a dead language
- 死罪 (shizai): a capital crime, a capital punishment
- 死屍 (shishi): a dead body, a corpse
- 死守 (shishu): defense to the last man
- 不死 (fushi): undying, immortality
- 不老不死 (furō fushi): agelessness and immortality
- 死所 (shisho): a place of death, the place where one dies
- 死生 (shishō), 死生 (shisei): life and death
- 死相 (shisō): an appearance as if one were already dead, the shadow of death, the look of death
- 死蔵 (shizō): putting something away and never using it
- 死地 (shichi): a dead place; a place so dangerous that one expects to die there
- 死闘 (shitō): a fight to the death
- 死人 (shinin): a dead person; a corpse
- 死者 (shisha): the dead
- 死体 (shitai): a cadaver
- 死物 (shibutsu): something unused, useless, or unusable
- 死文 (shibun): a dead law, a law that is on the books but never enforced; a document that is purely formal and empty of meaning
- 死別 (shibetsu): bereavement
- 死没 (shibotsu): death, dying
- 死命 (shimei): life and death, fate
- 死霊 (shiryō), 死霊 (shirei): the spirit of a dead person, a ghost
- 死力 (shiryoku): strength or exertion as if one were avoiding imminent death: with all one's might
- 死去 (shikyo): passing, death
- 死刑 (shikei): the death penalty, execution
- 死傷 (shishō): a mortal wound or injury, casualty
- 死亡 (shibō): passing, death
- 死滅 (shimetsu): extinction, dying out
- 頓死 (tonshi): sudden death
Conjugation
Conjugation of "死する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 死し | しし | shi shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 死し | しし | shi shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 死する | しする | shi suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 死する | しする | shi suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 死すれ | しすれ | shi sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 死せよ¹ 死しろ² |
しせよ¹ ししろ² |
shi seyo¹ shi shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 死される | しされる | shi sareru | |
| Causative | 死させる 死さす |
しさせる しさす |
shi saseru shi sasu | |
| Potential | 死できる | しできる | shi dekiru | |
| Volitional | 死しよう | ししよう | shi shiyō | |
| Negative | 死しない | ししない | shi shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 死せず | しせず | shi sezu | |
| Formal | 死します | しします | shi shimasu | |
| Perfective | 死した | しした | shi shita | |
| Conjunctive | 死して | しして | shi shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 死すれば | しすれば | shi sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Synonyms
- See Thesaurus:死ぬ
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
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| 死 |
| し(に) Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of verb 死ぬ (shinu, “to die”).[1][4]
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 死後 (shiniato): the time after one's death, particularly referring to the time after the death of one's spouse
- 死一倍 (shiniichibai): a kind of loan whereby the borrower must repay double the loan amount upon the death of the borrower's parents and subsequent inheritance of parental assets
- 死軍 (shiniikusa): a fight to the death
- 死絵 (shinie): a print or poster of a famous actor created on the occasion of that actor's death, noting the actor's posthumous name, place of burial, and time of death
- 死顔 (shinigao): the face or facial expression of a dead person
- 死覚悟 (shinikakugo): being prepared to die, readiness to die
- 死学問 (shinigakumon): a field of study that has no practical use
- 死掛 (shinikake): dying, the act of dying
- 死金 (shinigane): money saved in reserve to cover the costs of one's own death; money that is hoarded but not used; money spent to no effect, wasted money
- 死神 (shinigami): the god of death, Death
- 死極 (shinigiwame): determination or resolution to die
- 死狂 (shinigurui): crazy enough to die; crazy because one is unready to die and fears death
- 死気 (shinige): a sense of death, deathliness
- 死業 (shinigō): the karma of one's previous life that causes one's death in this life; a death attributed to karma
- 死外 (shinihazure): the act of just barely avoiding death
- 死花 (shinibana): posthumous fame or honor; an exceptional and memorable way of dying
Prefix
死 (hiragana しに, rōmaji shini-)
- bloody, stupid, goddamn
- Used as a negative or pejorative intensifier.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 死戯 (shinitawake): bloody foolishness, goddamn messing around
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Vietnamese
Han character
死 (tử)
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