累
See also: 纍
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
累 (radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF), four-corner 60903, composition ⿱田糸)
References
- KangXi: page 919, character 35
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
- Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3381, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7D2F
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
摞 | *roːl, *roːls |
騾 | *roːl |
螺 | *roːl |
蔂 | *roːl, *rul |
虆 | *roːl, *rul |
瘰 | *roːlʔ |
礌 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
雷 | *ruːl |
擂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
攂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
礧 | *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
儡 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
瓃 | *ruːl, *rul, *ruls |
櫑 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
鑘 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
鐳 | *ruːl |
畾 | *ruːl |
轠 | *ruːl, *rulʔ |
罍 | *ruːl |
蕾 | *ruːlʔ |
癗 | *ruːlʔ |
磥 | *ruːlʔ |
累 | *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols |
儽 | *ruːls, *rul |
樏 | *rolʔ, *rul |
鸓 | *rul, *rulʔ |
嫘 | *rul |
纍 | *rul, *ruls |
欙 | *rul |
纝 | *rul |
壘 | *rulʔ |
櫐 | *rulʔ |
蘽 | *rulʔ |
藟 | *rulʔ |
讄 | *rulʔ |
Folk etymology considers this character as an ideographic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field (田) while women sewed (糸).
Etymology
Various semantic fields can be distinguished:
- “to add; to accumulate”
- Related to 壘 (OC *rulʔ, “rampart; to build by piling rocks”), 厽 (OC *rolʔ), 絫 (OC *rolʔ) (Wang, 1982).
- “to damage; exhausted; tired”
- Related to 儽 (OC *ruːls, *rul, “tired”), 儡 (OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls, “to injure”) (Schuessler, 2007). It can be compared with Khmer រួយ (ruəy, “tired; exhausted”), Mizo rawih (“weak; worn out; broken down”), Tibetan རུལ (rul, “to decay; to rot”), འབྲུལ ('brul, “to fall; to come out”), ཧྲུལ་པོ (hrul po, “torn; ragged”), སྲུལ (srul, “(archaic) to rot; to decompose”) (ibid.).
- “to bind; to wind around”
- See 纍 (OC *rul, *ruls).
Definitions
累
Compounds
Derived terms from 累
Definitions
累
- † to involve; to implicate; to embroil; to entangle; to hinder
- † burden; tribulation; affliction; problem
- † to damage; to hurt; to do harm to; to stain; to sully
- † to entrust; to delegate; to devolve
- to cause trouble to; to trouble (someone)
- † suffering; misery; harm; disaster
- † fault; crime; slip; defect
- to strain; to wear out; to overwork; to overtax
- tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted
- (of work) hard; tiring; hardworking
- † verbose; long-winded; unnecessary; superfluous
- † wife and children; one's family
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map] | ||
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Variety | Location | Words |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 累, 乏 |
Taiwan | 累 | |
Jinan | 累, 乏 | |
Xi'an | 乏, 累 | |
Wuhan | 累 | |
Chengdu | 累 | |
Yangzhou | 累, 痿 | |
Hefei | 累 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 攰 |
Hong Kong | 攰 | |
Yangjiang | 攰 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 累 |
Hakka | Meixian | 𤸁 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𤸁, 悿 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 𤸁, 悿 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 悿 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 悿, 𤸁 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 悿 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 悿 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 吃力 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 乏, 累 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 累, 軟 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 弱 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 𤺪, 厭 |
Quanzhou | 𤺪, 厭 | |
Zhangzhou | 𤺪, 厭 | |
Taipei | 𤺪, 忝 | |
Penang | 𤺪 | |
Philippines (Manila) | 𤺪 | |
Chaozhou | 乏 | |
Shantou | 乏 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 吃力 |
Wenzhou | 㾯, 吃力 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 傫 |
Shuangfeng | 鶴累 |
Compounds
Derived terms from 累
Pronunciation 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 纍 (“rope; to tie; bull in mating season”). (This character, 累, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 纍.) |
Notes:
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Definitions
累
- Only used in 謼遫累.
Definitions
累
- Only used in 肥累.
Japanese
Kanji
累
(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 纍)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Go-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)←るゐ (ruwi, historical)
- Kan-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)←るゐ (ruwi, historical)
- Kun: かさね (kasane, 累); かさねる (kasaneru, 累ねる); しばる (shibaru, 累る); わずらわせ (wazurawase, 累わせ)←わづらはせ (wadurafase, historical)
Korean
Vietnamese
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