狗

See also: 豿
狗 U+72D7, 狗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D7
← 狖
[U+72D6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狘 →
[U+72D8]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

狗 (radical 94, 犬+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大竹心口 (KHPR), four-corner 47220, composition ⿰犭句)

Derived characters
  • 𭲉, 𬍉, 𬍌, 𮏛, 𤟳

References
  • KangXi: page 709, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20345
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1341, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+72D7

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 狗

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 狗
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾 *koː, *koːs
鉤 *koː
鴝 *koː, *ɡo
句 *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠 *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸 *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥 *koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗 *koːʔ
苟 *koːʔ
岣 *koːʔ, *ko
笱 *koːʔ
玽 *koːʔ
耇 *koːʔ
豿 *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂 *koːʔ
怐 *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊 *koːs
竘 *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁 *qʰoː
呴 *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼 *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞 *qʰoːs
訽 *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝 *qʰoːs
拘 *ko
駒 *ko
眗 *ko
跔 *ko
鮈 *ko
痀 *ko
蒟 *koʔ, *kos
絇 *kos, *ɡo
邭 *kos
劬 *ɡo
朐 *ɡo
鼩 *ɡo
斪 *ɡo
翑 *ɡo
葋 *ɡo
姁 *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨 *qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣 *qʰoʔ
煦 *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫 *qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koːʔ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Etymology

From some language ancestral to modern Hmong-Mien languages, from Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”), perhaps from Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • ě - vernacular;
  • gě - literary.
Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kó͘/kió - literary.
Rime
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古厚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kəuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kəuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəwX/
Li
Rong		 /kuX/
Wang
Li		 /kəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gǒu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gǒu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.kˁroʔ/
English dog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
No. 7068
Phonetic
component		 句
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 苟
Old
Chinese		 /*koːʔ/

Definitions
狗

狗

  1. dog (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m)
    餵狗 / 喂狗  ―  wèi gǒu  ―  to feed a dog
    累成狗  ―  lèi chéng gǒu  ―  extremely tired [lit. tired to the point of becoming a dog]
  2. (offensive) despicable; nasty
    狗男女  ―  gǒu nánnǚ  ―  couple in an illicit love affair
  3. to flatter
  4. A surname​.

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 犬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 犬
Taxonomic name 犬
Mandarin Beijing 狗
Taiwan 狗
Tianjin 狗
Harbin 狗
Jinan 狗
Muping 狗子, 狗
Luoyang 狗
Wanrong 狗
Xi'an 狗
Xining 狗
Xuzhou 狗
Yinchuan 狗
Lanzhou 狗
Ürümqi 狗
Wuhan 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
Chengdu 狗
Guiyang 狗
Guilin 狗
Liuzhou 狗
Yangzhou 狗, 狗子
Nanjing 狗
Hefei 狗
Nantong 狗子
Cantonese Guangzhou 狗
Hong Kong 狗
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狗
Foshan 狗
Shunde 狗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狗
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 狗
Taishan 狗
Kaiping (Chikan) 狗
Dongguan 狗
Shaoguan 狗
Yunfu 狗
Yangjiang 狗
Xinyi 狗
Lianjiang 狗
Nanning 狗
Wuzhou 狗
Yulin 狗
Hepu 狗
Kuala Lumpur 狗
Gan Nanchang 狗
Lichuan 狗
Pingxiang 狗
Hakka Meixian 狗
Luchuan 狗
Changting 狗
Yudu 狗子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 狗仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 狗, 狗仔
Dongshi (Dabu) 狗
Hsinchu (Raoping) 狗
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 狗
Hong Kong 狗
Sabah 狗
Senai 狗
Singkawang 狗
Huizhou Jixi 狗
Jin Taiyuan 狗兒, 狗
Xinzhou 狗
Min Bei Jian'ou 狗仔, 狗
Min Dong Fuzhou 犬, 犬囝
Changle 犬
Fuqing 犬
Pingtan 犬
Yongtai 犬
Gutian 犬
Fu'an 犬
Ningde 犬
Shouning 犬
Zhouning 犬
Fuding 犬
Matsu 犬
Min Nan Xiamen 狗
Quanzhou 狗
Zhangzhou 狗
Taipei 狗
Kaohsiung 狗
Tainan 狗仔
Taichung 狗
Wuqi 狗
Hsinchu 狗
Taitung 狗
Lukang 狗
Yilan 狗
Magong 狗
Penang 狗
Singapore 狗
Philippines (Manila) 狗
Pingnan 狗
Chaozhou 狗
Shantou 狗
Haifeng 狗
Johor Bahru 狗
Haikou 狗
Leizhou 狗
Puxian Min Putian 狗
Pinghua Nanning 狗
Guilin 狗
Wu Shanghai 狗, 汪汪狗 childish
Suzhou 狗
Hangzhou 狗
Wenzhou 狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
Chongming 狗
Danyang 狗子
Jinhua 狗
Xiang Changsha 狗
Shuangfeng 狗
Loudi 狗
Quanzhou 狗

Compounds
Derived terms from 狗

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (狗):

References
  • “Entry #4345”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
  • Peyraube, Alain. "Ancient Chinese." The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge UP, 2004. 1012.

Japanese

Kanji
狗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. puppy, dog
  2. a sentinel
  3. a snoop or spy
  4. useless, wasteful

Readings
  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)
  • Kun: いぬ (inu, 狗)

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • New Nelson: 3565
  • Halpern: 345
  • Halpern Learners: not listed
  • Heisig: 2341
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 3g5.5
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.
Kanji in this term
狗
いぬ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Noun

狗 (counter 匹, hiragana いぬ, katakana イヌ, rōmaji inu)

  1. Alternative spelling of 犬

Korean

Hanja

狗 • (gu) (hangeul 구)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

狗: Hán Việt readings: cẩu (舉(cử)后(hậu)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
狗: Nôm readings: cẩu[1][3][5]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds
Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Bonet (1899).
  4. Génibrel (1898).
  5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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