秋

See also: 秌 and 鞦
秋 U+79CB, 秋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79CB
← 秊
[U+79CA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 秌 →
[U+79CC]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

秋 (radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火 (HDF), four-corner 29980, composition ⿰禾火)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 850, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24940
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1273, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2595, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+79CB

Chinese

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 秋
variant forms
 
秌
𤇫
𥝛
𥡄
𥡌
𥤚
𥤛
𥤠
𪔁
𪚼
𪛁

Unclear. Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructed OC *tshiu < Proto-Chinese *C-nh(i)u and proposed its cognacy to either:

收 (OC *(n)hiu) "to reap, harvest, gather"; or
卒 (OC *tsut) "to finish, end, die", as vegetation dies in autumn; additionally in Zuozhuan, this word's referent was winter's dead vegetation.

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 秋
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (秋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鍫 *sʰew
篍 *sʰiw, *sʰiws, *sʰɯw
愀 *sʰiwʔ, *zɯwʔ
湫 *ʔsliwʔ, *ʔsɯw, *sʰɯw, *zɯwʔ
揪 *ʔsɯw
揫 *ʔsɯw
啾 *ʔsɯw
鬏 *ʔsɯw
秋 *sʰɯw
鰍 *sʰɯw
楸 *sʰɯw
秌 *sʰɯw
鞦 *sʰɯw
鶖 *sʰɯw
萩 *sʰɯw
甃 *ʔsrɯws
醔 *sʰrɯw
愁 *zrɯw
僽 *zrɯws

The oracle bone forms and bronze inscriptions show the pictogram (象形) of a cricket. In its later form, became a Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰɯw) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + abbreviated phonetic 𤒅. Often thought of as an Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 禾 (“grain”) + 火 (“fire”).

Pronunciation
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 秋
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰiou⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiou²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰiou²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰiou³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰʰiəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sʰiəɯ³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiəu¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiø³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰɤu³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiu³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰiəu³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰiəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰiu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɐu⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰieu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰiu³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /siu²³/
Rime
Character 秋
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七由切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰuw/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiu/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qiū
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 秋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qiū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshjuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tsʰiw/
English autumn; crop

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 秋
Reading # 1/1
No. 10537
Phonetic
component		 秋
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 秋
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰɯw/

Definitions

秋

  1. autumn; fall
  2. year
  3. period; time
  4. A surname​.
See also
Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text)
春 (chūn, “spring”) 夏 (xià, “summer”) 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (dōng, “winter”)

Compounds
Derived terms from 秋

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 秋 – see 鞦 (“tr=-”).
(This character, 秋, is the simplified form of 鞦.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji
秋

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. autumn

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
秋
あき
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨aki1⟩ → */akʲi/ → /aki/

From Old Japanese.

Likely cognate with 明き (aki, “bright”), 赤 (aka, “red”), 飽きる (akiru, “to become full up”, possibly in reference to the harvest), 空く (aku, “to become empty”), 開く (aku, “to open up”). However, the exact relationship of these terms remains unclear.

Pronunciation

Noun

秋 (hiragana あき, rōmaji aki)

  1. autumn, fall (season)

Synonyms

Derived terms
Derived terms

See also
Seasons in Japanese · 四 (し)季 (き) (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text)
春 (はる) (haru, “spring”) 夏 (なつ) (natsu, “summer”) 秋 (あき) (aki, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2002, 京阪系アクセント辞典 (A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

秋 • (chu)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 추 (revised: chu, McCune–Reischauer: ch'u, Yale: chwu)
    • Name (hangeul): 가을추 (Yale: kaulchwu)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

秋: Hán Nôm readings: thu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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