膽

See also: 胆
膽 U+81BD, 膽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BD
← 膼
[U+81BC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 膾 →
[U+81BE]

Translingual
Japanese 胆
Simplified 胆
Traditional 膽

Han character

膽 (radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月弓金口 (BNCR), four-corner 77261, composition ⿰月詹)

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 995, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29933
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2117, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+81BD

Chinese
trad. 膽
simp. 胆

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 膽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (詹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
甔 *toːm, *taːm, *taːms
擔 *taːm, *taːms
儋 *ʔl'aːm
聸 *taːm
膽 *taːmʔ
黵 *taːmʔ, *tjamʔ
澹 *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms
憺 *daːmʔ, *daːms
瞻 *tjam
詹 *tjam
蟾 *tjam, *djam
噡 *tjam
譫 *tjam, *daːb, *tjaːb
幨 *tʰjam, *tʰjams
襜 *tʰjam, *tʰjams
韂 *tʰjams
贍 *djams
檐 *lam
簷 *lam
舚 *tʰeːm, *tʰeːms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taːmʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam).

Etymology

Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".

Pronunciation
Note:
  • táⁿ - vernacular;
  • tám - literary.
Rime
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都敢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tɑmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tɑmX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tɑmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tamX/
Li
Rong		 /tɑmX/
Wang
Li		 /tɑmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tɑmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dǎn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tamX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[t]ˁamʔ/
English gall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 膽
Reading # 1/1
No. 16751
Phonetic
component		 詹
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 膽
Old
Chinese		 /*taːmʔ/

Definitions

膽

  1. (anatomy) gallbladder
    膽囊 / 胆囊  ―  dǎnnáng  ―  gall bladder
  2. (figuratively) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve
    大膽 / 大胆  ―  dàdǎn  ―  bold
    冇膽鬼 / 冇胆鬼 [Cantonese]  ―  mou5 daam2 gwai2 [Jyutping]  ―  coward
  3. inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball)

Compounds
Derived terms from 膽

Japanese

Shinjitai

 胆

Kyūjitai

 膽

Kanji
膽

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 胆)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • Go-on: たん (tan)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)
  • Kun: きも (kimo, 膽)

Korean

Hanja

膽 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

膽 (đảm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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