U+8FD1, 近
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FD1

[U+8FD0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8FD2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 162, +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹一中 (YHML), four-corner 32302, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1254, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38752
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3819, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+8FD1

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms 𣥍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn
*ɡɯl
*ɡɯl
*ɡɯl
*ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
*ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls
*ɡɯl
*ɡɯl
*ŋɡɯl
*qʰan
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn
*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ
*ŋrɯns, *qɯns
*kɯn, *kɯns
*kɯnʔ
*kɯns
*kɯns
*kɯns, *keŋs
*kʰɯnʔ
*ɡɯn
*ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns
*ŋɡɯn
*qʰɯn
*qʰɯn
*qʰɯn
*qʰɯn
*qʰɯn, *qʰɯns
*qʰɯn
*qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs
*qʰɯns

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kan5 - vernacular;
  • gan6 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕin³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕin³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕin¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕin⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /d͡ʑin³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑin¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑaŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕin¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑin²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiun⁴⁴/ 好~
/kʰiun⁵³/ ~來
Taoyuan /kʰuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐn²²/
Nanning /kʰɐn²⁴/
/kɐn²²/
Hong Kong /kɐn²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kun²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /køyŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kyiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kɯŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kin³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (30) (30)
Final () (57) (57)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨnX/ /ɡɨnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡɨnX/ /ɡɨnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiənX/ /ɡiənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gɨnX/ /gɨnH/
Li
Rong
/ɡiənX/ /ɡiənH/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭənX/ /ɡĭənH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ənX/ /gi̯ənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jìn jìn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jìn jìn
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjɨnX › ‹ gjɨnH ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-kərʔ/ /*s-N-kərʔ-s/
English near be near to (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6659 6660
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯnʔ/ /*ɡɯns/

Definitions

  1. near, close
    Antonyms: (yuǎn)
  2. intimate
  3. approximately
  4. to approach
  5. (dialectal) to make a profit; to earn

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. near, close

Readings

Proper noun

(hiragana こん, rōmaji Kon)

  1. A surname.

Korean

Hanja

(geun) (hangeul , McCuneReischauer kŭn, Yale kun)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(cận, cặn, gàn, gần)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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