革命

Chinese
leather; remove life; fate
simp. and trad.
(革命)		 革 命
Literally: “to change destiny”.

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 革命 (かくめい) (kakumei, “revolution”), which was in turn a semantic readaptation of Chinese 革命 (gémìng, “dynastic change”).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 革 命
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 麥 (119) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 古核切 眉病切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠɛk̚/ /mˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚæk̚/ /mᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɐk̚/ /miaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəɨjk̚/ /miajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kɛk̚/ /miɐŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kæk̚/ /mĭɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kæk̚/ /mi̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ge mìng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 革 革 命
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gé gé mìng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kɛk › ‹ kɛk › ‹ mjængH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁrək/ /*kˁrək/ /*m-riŋ-s/ (dialect: *m-r- > *mr-, *-iŋ> *-eŋ)
English hide, skin change (v.) command (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 革 命
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 3835 8275
Phonetic
component		 革 令
Rime
group		 職 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 隔 命
Old
Chinese		 /*krɯːɡ/ /*mreŋs/
Notes 令轉註字

Verb

革命

  1. to revolt

Noun

革命

  1. revolution
    以革命的名義 / 以革命的名义  ―  yǐ gémìng de míngyì  ―  in the name of revolution
    革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    From: 1923, 孫中山
    Gémìng shàngwèi chénggōng, tóngzhì réng xū nǔlì. [Pinyin]
    Revolution is not successful, comrades still have to work hard.

Adjective

革命

  1. (attributive) revolutionary

Derived terms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
革 命
かく
Grade: 6		 めい
Grade: 3
kan’on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 革命 (MC kˠɛk̚ mˠiæŋH, “to switch from a ruling dynasty to a new one”)

Pronunciation

Noun

革命 (hiragana かくめい, rōmaji kakumei)

  1. a revolution; a coup d'état
    • 2002 July 18, “逃にげまどう民たみ [People Running About]”, in ユニオンの降臨 [Advent of the Union], Konami:
      いつも苦 (くる)しみに耐 (た)えているが、いつか必 (かなら)ず革 (かく)命 (めい)を起 (お)こすと心 (こころ)に誓 (ちか)っている。
      Itsumo kurushimi ni taeteiru ga, itsuka kanarazu kakumei o okosu to kokoro ni chikatteiru.
      Although they always suffer in silence, they swear an oath to inevitably revolt.
    • 2002 July 18, “団だん結けつするレジスタンス [United Resistance]”, in ユニオンの降臨 [Advent of the Union], Konami:
      強 (きょう)大 (だい)な力 (ちから)に立 (た)ち向 (む)かう誓 (ちか)いを交 (か)わすために集 (しゅう)結 (けつ)した人 (ひと)々 (びと)。革 (かく)命 (めい)の日 (ひ)は近 (ちか)い。
      Kyōdai na chikara ni tachimukau chikai o kawasu tame ni shūketsu shita hitobito. Kakumei no hi wa chikai.
      People are gathering to swear an oath to revolt against their oppressors. The revolution is drawing nigh.
  2. one of the sankaku in traditional cosmology; a year often accompanied by change

Derived terms
Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean
Hanja in this term
革命

Hanja

革命 • (hyeongmyeong) (hangeul 혁명, revised hyeokmyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏkmyŏng, Yale hyekmyeng)

  1. Hanja form? of 혁명 (“revolution”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this word
革命

Noun

革命

  1. Hán tự form of cách mệnh (“revolution”).
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