-ий
Russian
Alternative forms
- -ій (-ij) (Pre-reform orthography (1918))
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *-ьjь.
Suffix
-ий • (-ij)
- forms relational and possessive adjectives from nouns describing animals and people: -'s, -ine, -ian
- соба́ка (sobáka, “dog”) + -ий (-ij) → соба́чий (sobáčij, “dog (relational); dog's, canine”)
- ры́ба (rýba, “fish”) + -ий (-ij) → ры́бий (rýbij, “fish (relational); fish's”)
- пти́ца (ptíca, “bird”) + -ий (-ij) → пти́чий (ptíčij, “bird (relational); bird's, avian”)
- коза́ (kozá, “goat”) + -ий (-ij) → ко́зий (kózij, “goat (relational); goat's”)
- лиса́ (lisá, “fox”) + -ий (-ij) → ли́сий (lísij, “fox (relational); vulpine, foxlike”)
- стару́шка (starúška, “(little) old lady”) + -ий (-ij) → стару́шечий (starúšečij, “anile, like a crone or old lady”)
- ча́йка (čájka, “seagull”) + -ий (-ij) → ча́ячий (čájačij, “seagull (relational); seagull's”) (with irregular -я-)
- ко́шка (kóška, “cat”) + -ий (-ij) → коша́чий (košáčij, “cat (relational); cat's, feline”) (with irregular -а́-)
- бог (box, “god”) + -ий (-ij) → бо́жий (bóžij, “god's, divine”)
- деви́ца (devíca, “girl, maiden”) + -ий (-ij) → деви́чий (devíčij, “girl's, girlish”)
- ба́ба (bába, “woman”) + -ий (-ij) → ба́бий (bábij, “woman's”) (pejorative or in expressions)
- ребя́та (rebjáta, “children”) + -ий (-ij) → ребя́чий (rebjáčij, “child's, children's; childish”) (with irregular iotation)
Usage notes
- This suffix is added particularly to animate nouns, and has the special possessive declension. It triggers the Slavic first palatalization but not (normally) iotation; but see ребя́чий (rebjáčij) from ребя́та (rebjáta), with iotation.
- If added to reducible nouns, the noun assumes the unreduced form.
Declension
Declension of -ий (possessive)
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -ий -ij |
-ье -ʹje |
-ья -ʹja |
-ьи -ʹi | |
genitive | -ьего -ʹjevo |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьих -ʹix | ||
dative | -ьему -ʹjemu |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьим -ʹim | ||
accusative | animate | -ьего -ʹjevo |
-ье -ʹje |
-ью -ʹju |
-ьих -ʹix |
inanimate | -ий -ij |
-ьи -ʹi | |||
instrumental | -ьим -ʹim |
-ьей, -ьею -ʹjej, -ʹjeju |
-ьими -ʹimi | ||
prepositional | -ьем -ʹjem |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьих -ʹix |
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_words_suffixed_with_-%D0%B8%D0%B9' title='Category:Russian words suffixed with -ий'>Russian words suffixed with -ий</a>
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *-ъ.
Suffix
-ий • (-ij)
- -ed
- одно- (odno-, “one”) + нога́ (nogá, “leg”) + -ий (-ij) → одноно́гий (odnonógij, “one-legged”)
- жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”) + -о- (-o-) + брю́хо (brjúxo, “belly”) + -ий (-ij) → желтобрю́хий (želtobrjúxij, “yellow-bellied”)
- без- (bez-, “without”) + лик (lik, “face”) + -ий (-ij) → безли́кий (bezlíkij, “faceless”, literally “no-faced”)
Usage notes
- This suffix is a variant of -ый (-yj) used particularly after velars (к г х) due to Russian spelling rules. It is used particularly with two-part compounds, where the second part normally refers to a body part. It does not trigger the Slavic first palatalization.
- These adjectives do have short forms, of accent pattern a.
Declension
- for an adjective whose stem ends in к; similarly for г and х
Declension of -кий (short class a)
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -кий -kij |
-кое -koje |
-кая -kaja |
-кие -kije | |
genitive | -кого -kovo |
-кой -koj |
-ких -kix | ||
dative | -кому -komu |
-кой -koj |
-ким -kim | ||
accusative | animate | -кого -kovo |
-кое -koje |
-кую -kuju |
-ких -kix |
inanimate | -кий -kij |
-кие -kije | |||
instrumental | -ким -kim |
-кой, -кою -koj, -koju |
-кими -kimi | ||
prepositional | -ком -kom |
-кой -koj |
-ких -kix | ||
short form | -к -k |
-ко -ko |
-ка -ka |
-ки -ki |
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_words_suffixed_with_-%D0%B8%D0%B9' title='Category:Russian words suffixed with -ий'>Russian words suffixed with -ий</a>
Etymology 3
From Proto-Slavic *-jь.
Suffix
-ий • (-ij)
Usage notes
- This suffix is not too common and appears to be formed especially from nouns and verbs ending in д. Unlike the other two suffixes, it triggers iotation.
- Adjectives formed this way tend to have a popular, colloquial flavor.
Declension
- for an adjective whose stem ends in ж
Declension of -жий (short class a)
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | -жий -žij |
-жее -žeje |
-жая -žaja |
-жие -žije | |
genitive | -жего -ževo |
-жей -žej |
-жих -žix | ||
dative | -жему -žemu |
-жей -žej |
-жим -žim | ||
accusative | animate | -жего -ževo |
-жее -žeje |
-жую -žuju |
-жих -žix |
inanimate | -жий -žij |
-жие -žije | |||
instrumental | -жим -žim |
-жей, -жею -žej, -žeju |
-жими -žimi | ||
prepositional | -жем -žem |
-жей -žej |
-жих -žix | ||
short form | -ж -ž |
-же -že |
-жа -ža |
-жи -ži |
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_words_suffixed_with_-%D0%B8%D0%B9' title='Category:Russian words suffixed with -ий'>Russian words suffixed with -ий</a>
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