bí
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʲiː/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish bí, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”).
The present indicative independent affirmative analytic form is from Old Irish at·tá, from Proto-Celtic *ad-tāyeti (compare Welsh taw (“there is”)), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“stand”).
Usage notes
- Only used with adjective or prepositional phrases as the predicate, never with noun phrases, for which the copular particle is is used instead.
Conjugation
Although the present dependent is generally used instead, the present independent affirmative is immune to lenition in most dialects and never would be subject to eclipsis.
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present independent affirmative | táim; tá mé |
tá tú; táir†; taoi† |
tá sé, sí | táimid; tá muid |
tá sibh; táthaoi |
tá siad; táid; tádar |
atá; atáim (1st sg.); atáir, ataoi (2nd sg.); atáimid (1st pl.); atáthaoi (2nd pl.); atáid (3rd pl.); atáthar (autonomous) |
táthar |
present dependent | fuilim; fuil mé |
fuil tú; fuilir† |
fuil sé, sí | fuilimid; fuil muid |
fuil sibh | fuil siad; fuilid |
a bhfuil* | fuiltear | |
present negative‡ | nílim; níl mé |
níl tú; nílir† |
níl sé, sí | nílimid; níl muid |
níl sibh | níl siad; nílid |
nach bhfuil | níltear | |
present habitual | bím | bíonn tú; bír† |
bíonn sé, sí; bí sé, sí |
bímid; bíonn muid |
bíonn sibh | bíonn siad; bíd† |
a bhíonn; a bhíonns†; a bhíos† / a mbíonn*; a mbíonns*†; a mbíos*† |
bítear | |
past habitual | bhínn | bhíteá | bhíodh sé, sí | bhímis; bhíodh muid |
bhíodh sibh | bhídís; bhíodh siad |
a bhíodh / a mbíodh* |
bhítí | |
past independent | bhí mé; bhíos |
bhí tú; bhís |
bhí sé, sí | bhíomar; bhí muid |
bhí sibh; bhíobhair |
bhí siad; bhíodar |
a bhí | bhíothas | |
past dependent | raibh mé; rabhas |
raibh tú; rabhais |
raibh sé, sí | rabhamar; raibh muid |
raibh sibh; rabhabhair |
raibh siad; rabhadar |
a raibh* | rabhthas | |
future | beidh mé; bead |
beidh tú; beir† |
beidh sé, sí | beimid; beidh muid |
beidh sibh | beidh siad; beid† |
a bheidh; a bheas† / a mbeidh; a mbeas† |
beifear | |
conditional | bheinn / mbeinn‡‡ | bheifeá / mbeifeᇇ | bheadh sé, sí / mbeadh sé, s퇇 | bheimis; bheadh muid / mbeimis‡‡; mbeadh muid‡‡ |
bheadh sibh / mbeadh sibh‡‡ | bheidís; bheadh siad / mbeidís‡‡; mbeadh siad‡‡ |
a bheadh / a mbeadh* |
bheifí / mbeif퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go raibh mé; go rabhad† |
go raibh tú; go rabhair† |
go raibh sé, sí | go rabhaimid; go raibh muid |
go raibh sibh | go raibh siad; go rabhaid† |
— | go rabhthar |
past | dá mbeinn | dá mbeifeá | dá mbeadh sé, sí | dá mbeimis; beadh muid |
dá mbeadh sibh | dá mbeidís; beadh siad |
— | dá mbeifí | |
imperative | bím | bí | bíodh sé, sí | bímis | bígí; bídh† |
bídís | — | bítear | |
verbal noun | bheith |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Quasi-independent; formed from a contraction of ní and the relevant form of fhuil
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms
- bí ann (“exist”, verb, literally “be there”)
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Etymology 3
Inflected forms.
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bí | bhí | mbí |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- "bí" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “attá” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “1 bí” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- Entries containing “bí” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “bí” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Mandarin
Navajo
Pronoun
bí
- third person singular and dual pronoun: he, she, it; they two
- third person singular and dual possessive pronoun: his, hers, its; theirs (for two people)
- 1995, Goossen, Irvy, Diné Bizaad: Speak, Read, Write Navajo, Salina Bookshelf, →ISBN, page 73:
- Łį́į́łgaii éí shicheii bí.
- The white horse is my grandfather's.
-
Derived terms
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʲiː/
Etymology 1
Inflected forms of at·tá, derived from Proto-Celtic *buyo-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.
Alternative forms
Verb
·bí
- second-person singular consuetudinal present indicative conjunct of at·tá
- third-person singular consuetudinal present indicative conjunct of at·tá
bí
- second-person singular imperative of at·tá
Descendants
The following forms are descended from the imperative:
Etymology 2
Inflected form of benaid.
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the main entry.
Adjective
bí
- inflection of béo:
- vocative and genitive singular masculine
- accusative and dative singular feminine
- genitive singular neuter
- nominative plural masculine
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bí | bí pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbí |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓi˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓɪj˨˩˦]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓɪj˦˥]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Vietic *k-biːrʔ ~ *k-piːrʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cpiir (“pumpkin”); cognate with Muong pỉl, proto-Monic *cmpiir (modern Mon သ္ပဳ (həpɔe, “pumpkin”)).
Etymology 2
Sino-Vietnamese word from 祕.