funda
English
Etymology
Contraction of fundamental, originating in Indian English.
Noun
funda (countable and uncountable, plural fundas or fundae or fundaes)
- (India) Basics or fundamentals, considered as a unit.
- Get your funda correct before you submit the paper.
- What is the funda behind relativity?
- (India) Understanding.
Usage notes
Whilst fundaes and fundae both occur as the plural of funda, fundas is far more widespread. The pluralization to fundae is by analogy to formula/formulae. The pluralization to fundas is by the simple addition of -s.
The word is frequently used in Indian quizzing circles to denote the interesting fact or concept behind a question.
See also
References
- Usenet posting by Sivakumar Ravada, prescribing fundae as the plural
- IITM lingo, accessed on 2005-05-09, prescribing fundaes as the plural
- The Fundoo Funda, some comments about the words funda and fundoo.
Catalan
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfʏnta/
- Rhymes: -ʏnta
Verb
funda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative fundaði, supine fundað)
Conjugation
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að funda | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
fundað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
fundandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég funda | við fundum | present (nútíð) |
ég fundi | við fundum |
þú fundar | þið fundið | þú fundir | þið fundið | ||
hann, hún, það fundar | þeir, þær, þau funda | hann, hún, það fundi | þeir, þær, þau fundi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég fundaði | við funduðum | past (þátíð) |
ég fundaði | við funduðum |
þú fundaðir | þið funduðuð | þú fundaðir | þið funduðuð | ||
hann, hún, það fundaði | þeir, þær, þau funduðu | hann, hún, það fundaði | þeir, þær, þau funduðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
funda (þú) | fundið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
fundaðu | fundiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
Etymology 2
Inflected form of fundur (“meeting”).
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfun.da/, [ˈfʊn.da]
Noun
funda f (genitive fundae); first declension
- a hand-sling (contrasted with fustibalus (“a sling-staff”, “a stick sling”))
Declension
First declension.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | funda | fundae |
Genitive | fundae | fundārum |
Dative | fundae | fundīs |
Accusative | fundam | fundās |
Ablative | fundā | fundīs |
Vocative | funda | fundae |
Derived terms
- fundifōrmis (New Latin)
- funditor
References
- funda in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- funda in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- funda in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- funda in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- funda in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Etymology 2
A conjugated form of fundō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfun.daː/, [ˈfʊn.daː]
Portuguese
Noun
funda f (plural fundas)
- sling (cloth weapon)
- Bible, 1 Samuel 17:50
- Portanto, Davi, com uma funda e uma pedra, mostrou ser mais forte que o Filisteu, e o entregou à morte, e não havia espada na mão de Davi.
- So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.
- Portanto, Davi, com uma funda e uma pedra, mostrou ser mais forte que o Filisteu, e o entregou à morte, e não havia espada na mão de Davi.
- Bible, 1 Samuel 17:50
- catapult, slingshot (elastic weapon)
- sling (hanging bandage)
Synonyms
- (sling (weapon)): fundíbulo, catapulta
- (catapult): estilingue, atiradeira, bodoque
- (sling (bandage)): tipóia
Related terms
- fundeiro, fundibulário, fundista, fustíbalo
Romanian
Verb
a funda (third-person singular present fundează, past participle fundat) 1st conj.
- to found, set a foundation
Conjugation
infinitive | a funda | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fundând | ||||||
past participle | fundat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | fundez | fundezi | fundează | fundăm | fundați | fundează | |
imperfect | fundam | fundai | funda | fundam | fundați | fundau | |
simple perfect | fundai | fundași | fundă | fundarăm | fundarăți | fundară | |
pluperfect | fundasem | fundaseși | fundase | fundaserăm | fundaserăți | fundaseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să fundez | să fundezi | să fundeze | să fundăm | să fundați | să fundeze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | fundează | fundați | |||||
negative | nu funda | nu fundați |
Synonyms
- întemeia, înființa
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfunda/, [ˈfũn̪d̪a]
Noun
funda f (plural fundas)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
funda
- Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of fundar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of fundar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of fundar.
funda
Further reading
- “funda” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
References
- Orlando Alba, Cómo hablamos los dominicanos, Santo Domingo, Amigo del Hogar, 2003. (full text)
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish فونده (funda), from Greek φούντα (foúnta, “shrub; flake, fringe”) from Hellenistic φοῦνδα (phoûnda), from Latin funda (“hand-sling, net”).
Declension
References
- Meyer, Gustav (1892), “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 89
- φούντα in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *-fúnda, from Proto-Bantu *-túnda.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni *-fúnda, from Proto-Bantu *-túnda.
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukufunda | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukufunda | ukungafundi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | funda | -funde | |||||||
Plural | fundani | -fundeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyafunda, ngifunda | engifundayo, engifunda | ngifunda | angifundi | engingafundi | ngingafundi | |||
2nd singular | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | ufunda | awufundi | ongafundi | ungafundi | |||
1st plural | siyafunda, sifunda | esifundayo, esifunda | sifunda | asifundi | esingafundi | singafundi | |||
2nd plural | niyafunda, nifunda | enifundayo, enifunda | nifunda | anifundi | eningafundi | ningafundi | |||
Class 1 | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | efunda | akafundi | ongafundi | engafundi | |||
Class 2 | bayafunda, bafunda | abafundayo, abafunda | befunda | abafundi | abangafundi | bengafundi | |||
Class 3 | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | ufunda | awufundi | ongafundi | ungafundi | |||
Class 4 | iyafunda, ifunda | efundayo, efunda | ifunda | ayifundi | engafundi | ingafundi | |||
Class 5 | liyafunda, lifunda | elifundayo, elifunda | lifunda | alifundi | elingafundi | lingafundi | |||
Class 6 | ayafunda, afunda | afundayo, afunda | efunda | awafundi | angafundi | engafundi | |||
Class 7 | siyafunda, sifunda | esifundayo, esifunda | sifunda | asifundi | esingafundi | singafundi | |||
Class 8 | ziyafunda, zifunda | ezifundayo, ezifunda | zifunda | azifundi | ezingafundi | zingafundi | |||
Class 9 | iyafunda, ifunda | efundayo, efunda | ifunda | ayifundi | engafundi | ingafundi | |||
Class 10 | ziyafunda, zifunda | ezifundayo, ezifunda | zifunda | azifundi | ezingafundi | zingafundi | |||
Class 11 | luyafunda, lufunda | olufundayo, olufunda | lufunda | alufundi | olungafundi | lungafundi | |||
Class 14 | buyafunda, bufunda | obufundayo, obufunda | bufunda | abufundi | obungafundi | bungafundi | |||
Class 15 | kuyafunda, kufunda | okufundayo, okufunda | kufunda | akufundi | okungafundi | kungafundi | |||
Class 17 | kuyafunda, kufunda | okufundayo, okufunda | kufunda | akufundi | okungafundi | kungafundi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngifundile, ngifundē | engifundile, engifundē | ngifundile, ngifundē | angifundanga | engingafundanga | ngingafundanga | |||
2nd singular | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | ufundile, ufundē | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
1st plural | sifundile, sifundē | esifundile, esifundē | sifundile, sifundē | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
2nd plural | nifundile, nifundē | enifundile, enifundē | nifundile, nifundē | anifundanga | eningafundanga | ningafundanga | |||
Class 1 | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | efundile, efundē | akafundanga | ongafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 2 | bafundile, bafundē | abafundile, abafundē | befundile, befundē | abafundanga | abangafundanga | bengafundanga | |||
Class 3 | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | ufundile, ufundē | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
Class 4 | ifundile, ifundē | efundile, efundē | ifundile, ifundē | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 5 | lifundile, lifundē | elifundile, elifundē | lifundile, lifundē | alifundanga | elingafundanga | lingafundanga | |||
Class 6 | afundile, afundē | afundile, afundē | efundile, efundē | awafundanga | angafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 7 | sifundile, sifundē | esifundile, esifundē | sifundile, sifundē | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
Class 8 | zifundile, zifundē | ezifundile, ezifundē | zifundile, zifundē | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 9 | ifundile, ifundē | efundile, efundē | ifundile, ifundē | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 10 | zifundile, zifundē | ezifundile, ezifundē | zifundile, zifundē | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 11 | lufundile, lufundē | olufundile, olufundē | lufundile, lufundē | alufundanga | olungafundanga | lungafundanga | |||
Class 14 | bufundile, bufundē | obufundile, obufundē | bufundile, bufundē | abufundanga | obungafundanga | bungafundanga | |||
Class 15 | kufundile, kufundē | okufundile, okufundē | kufundile, kufundē | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Class 17 | kufundile, kufundē | okufundile, okufundē | kufundile, kufundē | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāfunda | engāfunda | ngāfunda | angifundanga | engingafundanga | ngingafundanga | |||
2nd singular | wāfunda | owāfunda | wāfunda | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
1st plural | sāfunda | esāfunda | sāfunda | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
2nd plural | nāfunda | enāfunda | nāfunda | anifundanga | eningafundanga | ningafundanga | |||
Class 1 | wāfunda | owāfunda | āfunda | akafundanga | ongafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 2 | bāfunda | abāfunda | bāfunda | abafundanga | abangafundanga | bengafundanga | |||
Class 3 | wāfunda | owāfunda | wāfunda | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
Class 4 | yāfunda | eyāfunda | yāfunda | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 5 | lāfunda | elāfunda | lāfunda | alifundanga | elingafundanga | lingafundanga | |||
Class 6 | āfunda | āfunda | āfunda | awafundanga | angafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 7 | sāfunda | esāfunda | sāfunda | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
Class 8 | zāfunda | ezāfunda | zāfunda | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 9 | yāfunda | eyāfunda | yāfunda | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 10 | zāfunda | ezāfunda | zāfunda | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāfunda | olwāfunda | lwāfunda | alufundanga | olungafundanga | lungafundanga | |||
Class 14 | bāfunda | obāfunda | bāfunda | abufundanga | obungafundanga | bungafundanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāfunda | okwāfunda | kwāfunda | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāfunda | okwāfunda | kwāfunda | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingafunda | — | ngingafunda | ngingefunde | — | ngingefunde | |||
2nd singular | ungafunda | — | ungafunda | ungefunde | — | ungefunde | |||
1st plural | singafunda | — | singafunda | singefunde | — | singefunde | |||
2nd plural | ningafunda | — | ningafunda | ningefunde | — | ningefunde | |||
Class 1 | angafunda | — | engafunda | angefunde | — | engefunde | |||
Class 2 | bangafunda | — | bengafunda | bangefunde | — | bengefunde | |||
Class 3 | ungafunda | — | ungafunda | ungefunde | — | ungefunde | |||
Class 4 | ingafunda | — | ingafunda | ingefunde | — | ingefunde | |||
Class 5 | lingafunda | — | lingafunda | lingefunde | — | lingefunde | |||
Class 6 | angafunda | — | engafunda | angefunde | — | engefunde | |||
Class 7 | singafunda | — | singafunda | singefunde | — | singefunde | |||
Class 8 | zingafunda | — | zingafunda | zingefunde | — | zingefunde | |||
Class 9 | ingafunda | — | ingafunda | ingefunde | — | ingefunde | |||
Class 10 | zingafunda | — | zingafunda | zingefunde | — | zingefunde | |||
Class 11 | lungafunda | — | lungafunda | lungefunde | — | lungefunde | |||
Class 14 | bungafunda | — | bungafunda | bungefunde | — | bungefunde | |||
Class 15 | kungafunda | — | kungafunda | kungefunde | — | kungefunde | |||
Class 17 | kungafunda | — | kungafunda | kungefunde | — | kungefunde | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizofunda | engizofunda | ngizofunda | angizufunda | engingezufunda | ngingezufunda | |||
2nd singular | uzofunda | ozofunda | uzofunda | awuzufunda | ongezufunda | ungezufunda | |||
1st plural | sizofunda | esizofunda | sizofunda | asizufunda | esingezufunda | singezufunda | |||
2nd plural | nizofunda | enizofunda | nizofunda | anizufunda | eningezufunda | ningezufunda | |||
Class 1 | uzofunda | ozofunda | ezofunda | akazufunda | ongezufunda | engezufunda | |||
Class 2 | bazofunda | abazofunda | bezofunda | abazufunda | abangezufunda | bengezufunda | |||
Class 3 | uzofunda | ozofunda | uzofunda | awuzufunda | ongezufunda | ungezufunda | |||
Class 4 | izofunda | ezofunda | izofunda | ayizufunda | engezufunda | ingezufunda | |||
Class 5 | lizofunda | elizofunda | lizofunda | alizufunda | elingezufunda | lingezufunda | |||
Class 6 | azofunda | azofunda | ezofunda | awazufunda | angezufunda | engezufunda | |||
Class 7 | sizofunda | esizofunda | sizofunda | asizufunda | esingezufunda | singezufunda | |||
Class 8 | zizofunda | ezizofunda | zizofunda | azizufunda | ezingezufunda | zingezufunda | |||
Class 9 | izofunda | ezofunda | izofunda | ayizufunda | engezufunda | ingezufunda | |||
Class 10 | zizofunda | ezizofunda | zizofunda | azizufunda | ezingezufunda | zingezufunda | |||
Class 11 | luzofunda | oluzofunda | luzofunda | aluzufunda | olungezufunda | lungezufunda | |||
Class 14 | buzofunda | obuzofunda | buzofunda | abuzufunda | obungezufunda | bungezufunda | |||
Class 15 | kuzofunda | okuzofunda | kuzofunda | akuzufunda | okungezufunda | kungezufunda | |||
Class 17 | kuzofunda | okuzofunda | kuzofunda | akuzufunda | okungezufunda | kungezufunda | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyofunda | engiyofunda | ngiyofunda | angiyufunda | engingeyufunda | ngingeyufunda | |||
2nd singular | uyofunda | oyofunda | uyofunda | awuyufunda | ongeyufunda | ungeyufunda | |||
1st plural | siyofunda | esiyofunda | siyofunda | asiyufunda | esingeyufunda | singeyufunda | |||
2nd plural | niyofunda | eniyofunda | niyofunda | aniyufunda | eningeyufunda | ningeyufunda | |||
Class 1 | uyofunda | oyofunda | eyofunda | akayufunda | ongeyufunda | engeyufunda | |||
Class 2 | bayofunda | abayofunda | beyofunda | abayufunda | abangeyufunda | bengeyufunda | |||
Class 3 | uyofunda | oyofunda | uyofunda | awuyufunda | ongeyufunda | ungeyufunda | |||
Class 4 | iyofunda | eyofunda | iyofunda | ayiyufunda | engeyufunda | ingeyufunda | |||
Class 5 | liyofunda | eliyofunda | liyofunda | aliyufunda | elingeyufunda | lingeyufunda | |||
Class 6 | ayofunda | ayofunda | eyofunda | awayufunda | angeyufunda | engeyufunda | |||
Class 7 | siyofunda | esiyofunda | siyofunda | asiyufunda | esingeyufunda | singeyufunda | |||
Class 8 | ziyofunda | eziyofunda | ziyofunda | aziyufunda | ezingeyufunda | zingeyufunda | |||
Class 9 | iyofunda | eyofunda | iyofunda | ayiyufunda | engeyufunda | ingeyufunda | |||
Class 10 | ziyofunda | eziyofunda | ziyofunda | aziyufunda | ezingeyufunda | zingeyufunda | |||
Class 11 | luyofunda | oluyofunda | luyofunda | aluyufunda | olungeyufunda | lungeyufunda | |||
Class 14 | buyofunda | obuyofunda | buyofunda | abuyufunda | obungeyufunda | bungeyufunda | |||
Class 15 | kuyofunda | okuyofunda | kuyofunda | akuyufunda | okungeyufunda | kungeyufunda | |||
Class 17 | kuyofunda | okuyofunda | kuyofunda | akuyufunda | okungeyufunda | kungeyufunda | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngifunde | ngingafundi | |||||||
2nd singular | ufunde | ungafundi | |||||||
1st plural | sifunde | singafundi | |||||||
2nd plural | nifunde | ningafundi | |||||||
Class 1 | afunde | angafundi | |||||||
Class 2 | bafunde | bangafundi | |||||||
Class 3 | ufunde | ungafundi | |||||||
Class 4 | ifunde | ingafundi | |||||||
Class 5 | lifunde | lingafundi | |||||||
Class 6 | afunde | angafundi | |||||||
Class 7 | sifunde | singafundi | |||||||
Class 8 | zifunde | zingafundi | |||||||
Class 9 | ifunde | ingafundi | |||||||
Class 10 | zifunde | zingafundi | |||||||
Class 11 | lufunde | lungafundi | |||||||
Class 14 | bufunde | bungafundi | |||||||
Class 15 | kufunde | kungafundi | |||||||
Class 17 | kufunde | kungafundi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngafunda | ngangafunda, angafunda, angangafunda | |||||||
2nd singular | wafunda | wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
1st plural | safunda | sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda | |||||||
2nd plural | nafunda | nangafunda, anafunda, anangafunda | |||||||
Class 1 | wafunda | wangafunda, akafunda, akangafunda | |||||||
Class 2 | bafunda | bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda | |||||||
Class 3 | wafunda | wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
Class 4 | yafunda | yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda | |||||||
Class 5 | lafunda | langafunda, alafunda, alangafunda | |||||||
Class 6 | afunda | angafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
Class 7 | safunda | sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda | |||||||
Class 8 | zafunda | zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda | |||||||
Class 9 | yafunda | yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda | |||||||
Class 10 | zafunda | zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda | |||||||
Class 11 | lwafunda | lwangafunda, alwafunda, alwangafunda | |||||||
Class 14 | bafunda | bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda | |||||||
Class 15 | kwafunda | kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda | |||||||
Class 17 | kwafunda | kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-kúnda.
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukufunda | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukufunda | ukungafundi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | funda | -funde | |||||||
Plural | fundani | -fundeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyafunda, ngifunda | engifundayo, engifunda | ngifunda | angifundi | engingafundi | ngingafundi | |||
2nd singular | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | ufunda | awufundi | ongafundi | ungafundi | |||
1st plural | siyafunda, sifunda | esifundayo, esifunda | sifunda | asifundi | esingafundi | singafundi | |||
2nd plural | niyafunda, nifunda | enifundayo, enifunda | nifunda | anifundi | eningafundi | ningafundi | |||
Class 1 | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | efunda | akafundi | ongafundi | engafundi | |||
Class 2 | bayafunda, bafunda | abafundayo, abafunda | befunda | abafundi | abangafundi | bengafundi | |||
Class 3 | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | ufunda | awufundi | ongafundi | ungafundi | |||
Class 4 | iyafunda, ifunda | efundayo, efunda | ifunda | ayifundi | engafundi | ingafundi | |||
Class 5 | liyafunda, lifunda | elifundayo, elifunda | lifunda | alifundi | elingafundi | lingafundi | |||
Class 6 | ayafunda, afunda | afundayo, afunda | efunda | awafundi | angafundi | engafundi | |||
Class 7 | siyafunda, sifunda | esifundayo, esifunda | sifunda | asifundi | esingafundi | singafundi | |||
Class 8 | ziyafunda, zifunda | ezifundayo, ezifunda | zifunda | azifundi | ezingafundi | zingafundi | |||
Class 9 | iyafunda, ifunda | efundayo, efunda | ifunda | ayifundi | engafundi | ingafundi | |||
Class 10 | ziyafunda, zifunda | ezifundayo, ezifunda | zifunda | azifundi | ezingafundi | zingafundi | |||
Class 11 | luyafunda, lufunda | olufundayo, olufunda | lufunda | alufundi | olungafundi | lungafundi | |||
Class 14 | buyafunda, bufunda | obufundayo, obufunda | bufunda | abufundi | obungafundi | bungafundi | |||
Class 15 | kuyafunda, kufunda | okufundayo, okufunda | kufunda | akufundi | okungafundi | kungafundi | |||
Class 17 | kuyafunda, kufunda | okufundayo, okufunda | kufunda | akufundi | okungafundi | kungafundi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngifundile, ngifundē | engifundile, engifundē | ngifundile, ngifundē | angifundanga | engingafundanga | ngingafundanga | |||
2nd singular | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | ufundile, ufundē | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
1st plural | sifundile, sifundē | esifundile, esifundē | sifundile, sifundē | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
2nd plural | nifundile, nifundē | enifundile, enifundē | nifundile, nifundē | anifundanga | eningafundanga | ningafundanga | |||
Class 1 | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | efundile, efundē | akafundanga | ongafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 2 | bafundile, bafundē | abafundile, abafundē | befundile, befundē | abafundanga | abangafundanga | bengafundanga | |||
Class 3 | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | ufundile, ufundē | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
Class 4 | ifundile, ifundē | efundile, efundē | ifundile, ifundē | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 5 | lifundile, lifundē | elifundile, elifundē | lifundile, lifundē | alifundanga | elingafundanga | lingafundanga | |||
Class 6 | afundile, afundē | afundile, afundē | efundile, efundē | awafundanga | angafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 7 | sifundile, sifundē | esifundile, esifundē | sifundile, sifundē | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
Class 8 | zifundile, zifundē | ezifundile, ezifundē | zifundile, zifundē | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 9 | ifundile, ifundē | efundile, efundē | ifundile, ifundē | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 10 | zifundile, zifundē | ezifundile, ezifundē | zifundile, zifundē | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 11 | lufundile, lufundē | olufundile, olufundē | lufundile, lufundē | alufundanga | olungafundanga | lungafundanga | |||
Class 14 | bufundile, bufundē | obufundile, obufundē | bufundile, bufundē | abufundanga | obungafundanga | bungafundanga | |||
Class 15 | kufundile, kufundē | okufundile, okufundē | kufundile, kufundē | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Class 17 | kufundile, kufundē | okufundile, okufundē | kufundile, kufundē | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāfunda | engāfunda | ngāfunda | angifundanga | engingafundanga | ngingafundanga | |||
2nd singular | wāfunda | owāfunda | wāfunda | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
1st plural | sāfunda | esāfunda | sāfunda | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
2nd plural | nāfunda | enāfunda | nāfunda | anifundanga | eningafundanga | ningafundanga | |||
Class 1 | wāfunda | owāfunda | āfunda | akafundanga | ongafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 2 | bāfunda | abāfunda | bāfunda | abafundanga | abangafundanga | bengafundanga | |||
Class 3 | wāfunda | owāfunda | wāfunda | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
Class 4 | yāfunda | eyāfunda | yāfunda | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 5 | lāfunda | elāfunda | lāfunda | alifundanga | elingafundanga | lingafundanga | |||
Class 6 | āfunda | āfunda | āfunda | awafundanga | angafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 7 | sāfunda | esāfunda | sāfunda | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
Class 8 | zāfunda | ezāfunda | zāfunda | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 9 | yāfunda | eyāfunda | yāfunda | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 10 | zāfunda | ezāfunda | zāfunda | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāfunda | olwāfunda | lwāfunda | alufundanga | olungafundanga | lungafundanga | |||
Class 14 | bāfunda | obāfunda | bāfunda | abufundanga | obungafundanga | bungafundanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāfunda | okwāfunda | kwāfunda | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāfunda | okwāfunda | kwāfunda | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingafunda | — | ngingafunda | ngingefunde | — | ngingefunde | |||
2nd singular | ungafunda | — | ungafunda | ungefunde | — | ungefunde | |||
1st plural | singafunda | — | singafunda | singefunde | — | singefunde | |||
2nd plural | ningafunda | — | ningafunda | ningefunde | — | ningefunde | |||
Class 1 | angafunda | — | engafunda | angefunde | — | engefunde | |||
Class 2 | bangafunda | — | bengafunda | bangefunde | — | bengefunde | |||
Class 3 | ungafunda | — | ungafunda | ungefunde | — | ungefunde | |||
Class 4 | ingafunda | — | ingafunda | ingefunde | — | ingefunde | |||
Class 5 | lingafunda | — | lingafunda | lingefunde | — | lingefunde | |||
Class 6 | angafunda | — | engafunda | angefunde | — | engefunde | |||
Class 7 | singafunda | — | singafunda | singefunde | — | singefunde | |||
Class 8 | zingafunda | — | zingafunda | zingefunde | — | zingefunde | |||
Class 9 | ingafunda | — | ingafunda | ingefunde | — | ingefunde | |||
Class 10 | zingafunda | — | zingafunda | zingefunde | — | zingefunde | |||
Class 11 | lungafunda | — | lungafunda | lungefunde | — | lungefunde | |||
Class 14 | bungafunda | — | bungafunda | bungefunde | — | bungefunde | |||
Class 15 | kungafunda | — | kungafunda | kungefunde | — | kungefunde | |||
Class 17 | kungafunda | — | kungafunda | kungefunde | — | kungefunde | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizofunda | engizofunda | ngizofunda | angizufunda | engingezufunda | ngingezufunda | |||
2nd singular | uzofunda | ozofunda | uzofunda | awuzufunda | ongezufunda | ungezufunda | |||
1st plural | sizofunda | esizofunda | sizofunda | asizufunda | esingezufunda | singezufunda | |||
2nd plural | nizofunda | enizofunda | nizofunda | anizufunda | eningezufunda | ningezufunda | |||
Class 1 | uzofunda | ozofunda | ezofunda | akazufunda | ongezufunda | engezufunda | |||
Class 2 | bazofunda | abazofunda | bezofunda | abazufunda | abangezufunda | bengezufunda | |||
Class 3 | uzofunda | ozofunda | uzofunda | awuzufunda | ongezufunda | ungezufunda | |||
Class 4 | izofunda | ezofunda | izofunda | ayizufunda | engezufunda | ingezufunda | |||
Class 5 | lizofunda | elizofunda | lizofunda | alizufunda | elingezufunda | lingezufunda | |||
Class 6 | azofunda | azofunda | ezofunda | awazufunda | angezufunda | engezufunda | |||
Class 7 | sizofunda | esizofunda | sizofunda | asizufunda | esingezufunda | singezufunda | |||
Class 8 | zizofunda | ezizofunda | zizofunda | azizufunda | ezingezufunda | zingezufunda | |||
Class 9 | izofunda | ezofunda | izofunda | ayizufunda | engezufunda | ingezufunda | |||
Class 10 | zizofunda | ezizofunda | zizofunda | azizufunda | ezingezufunda | zingezufunda | |||
Class 11 | luzofunda | oluzofunda | luzofunda | aluzufunda | olungezufunda | lungezufunda | |||
Class 14 | buzofunda | obuzofunda | buzofunda | abuzufunda | obungezufunda | bungezufunda | |||
Class 15 | kuzofunda | okuzofunda | kuzofunda | akuzufunda | okungezufunda | kungezufunda | |||
Class 17 | kuzofunda | okuzofunda | kuzofunda | akuzufunda | okungezufunda | kungezufunda | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyofunda | engiyofunda | ngiyofunda | angiyufunda | engingeyufunda | ngingeyufunda | |||
2nd singular | uyofunda | oyofunda | uyofunda | awuyufunda | ongeyufunda | ungeyufunda | |||
1st plural | siyofunda | esiyofunda | siyofunda | asiyufunda | esingeyufunda | singeyufunda | |||
2nd plural | niyofunda | eniyofunda | niyofunda | aniyufunda | eningeyufunda | ningeyufunda | |||
Class 1 | uyofunda | oyofunda | eyofunda | akayufunda | ongeyufunda | engeyufunda | |||
Class 2 | bayofunda | abayofunda | beyofunda | abayufunda | abangeyufunda | bengeyufunda | |||
Class 3 | uyofunda | oyofunda | uyofunda | awuyufunda | ongeyufunda | ungeyufunda | |||
Class 4 | iyofunda | eyofunda | iyofunda | ayiyufunda | engeyufunda | ingeyufunda | |||
Class 5 | liyofunda | eliyofunda | liyofunda | aliyufunda | elingeyufunda | lingeyufunda | |||
Class 6 | ayofunda | ayofunda | eyofunda | awayufunda | angeyufunda | engeyufunda | |||
Class 7 | siyofunda | esiyofunda | siyofunda | asiyufunda | esingeyufunda | singeyufunda | |||
Class 8 | ziyofunda | eziyofunda | ziyofunda | aziyufunda | ezingeyufunda | zingeyufunda | |||
Class 9 | iyofunda | eyofunda | iyofunda | ayiyufunda | engeyufunda | ingeyufunda | |||
Class 10 | ziyofunda | eziyofunda | ziyofunda | aziyufunda | ezingeyufunda | zingeyufunda | |||
Class 11 | luyofunda | oluyofunda | luyofunda | aluyufunda | olungeyufunda | lungeyufunda | |||
Class 14 | buyofunda | obuyofunda | buyofunda | abuyufunda | obungeyufunda | bungeyufunda | |||
Class 15 | kuyofunda | okuyofunda | kuyofunda | akuyufunda | okungeyufunda | kungeyufunda | |||
Class 17 | kuyofunda | okuyofunda | kuyofunda | akuyufunda | okungeyufunda | kungeyufunda | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngifunde | ngingafundi | |||||||
2nd singular | ufunde | ungafundi | |||||||
1st plural | sifunde | singafundi | |||||||
2nd plural | nifunde | ningafundi | |||||||
Class 1 | afunde | angafundi | |||||||
Class 2 | bafunde | bangafundi | |||||||
Class 3 | ufunde | ungafundi | |||||||
Class 4 | ifunde | ingafundi | |||||||
Class 5 | lifunde | lingafundi | |||||||
Class 6 | afunde | angafundi | |||||||
Class 7 | sifunde | singafundi | |||||||
Class 8 | zifunde | zingafundi | |||||||
Class 9 | ifunde | ingafundi | |||||||
Class 10 | zifunde | zingafundi | |||||||
Class 11 | lufunde | lungafundi | |||||||
Class 14 | bufunde | bungafundi | |||||||
Class 15 | kufunde | kungafundi | |||||||
Class 17 | kufunde | kungafundi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngafunda | ngangafunda, angafunda, angangafunda | |||||||
2nd singular | wafunda | wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
1st plural | safunda | sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda | |||||||
2nd plural | nafunda | nangafunda, anafunda, anangafunda | |||||||
Class 1 | wafunda | wangafunda, akafunda, akangafunda | |||||||
Class 2 | bafunda | bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda | |||||||
Class 3 | wafunda | wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
Class 4 | yafunda | yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda | |||||||
Class 5 | lafunda | langafunda, alafunda, alangafunda | |||||||
Class 6 | afunda | angafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
Class 7 | safunda | sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda | |||||||
Class 8 | zafunda | zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda | |||||||
Class 9 | yafunda | yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda | |||||||
Class 10 | zafunda | zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda | |||||||
Class 11 | lwafunda | lwangafunda, alwafunda, alwangafunda | |||||||
Class 14 | bafunda | bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda | |||||||
Class 15 | kwafunda | kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda | |||||||
Class 17 | kwafunda | kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “funda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “funda (3.9)”