kost
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kost/
audio (file)
Declension
Derived terms
- diagram rybí kosti
- kostlivec
- kostnatý
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔst/, [kʰʌsd̥]
Noun
kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)
Etymology 2
From *Old Norse kvǫstr, from Middle Low German quast (“brush, tassel”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kost/, [kʰɔsd̥]
Dutch
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɔst
- IPA(key): /kɔst/
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.
Noun
kost m (plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)
- cost, price
- (in the plural) expenses
- (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
- food, nourishment
Derived terms
- kostbaar
- kostbaas
- kostelijk
- kosteloos
- kostenplaatje
- kostganger
- kostgeld
- kostjongen
- kostleerling
- kostprijs
- kostschool
- kostwinner
- op kosten jagen
- rauwkost
- ten koste van
- verzendkosten
- voor de kost
Verb
kost
- first-, second- and third-person singular present indicative of kosten
- imperative of kosten
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkoːst/
Verb
kost
- inflection of kosen:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person plural present subjunctive
- second-person plural imperative
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkoʃt]
- Hyphenation: kost
Icelandic
Latvian
Etymology
From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kond-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to rub, to scratch, to scrape”) (whence also kniest (“to itch”), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫdsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ (kǫsŭ), Russian кус (kus, “mouthful”), кусать (kusatʹ, “to bite, to sting”), Bulgarian късам (kǎ́sam, “to bite, to sting”), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać (“to bite, to sting”)), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to bite, to eat”), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες (knṓdontes, “metal teeth on sword”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kuôst]
(file)
Verb
kost tr., 1st conj., pres. kožu, kod, kož, past kodu
- to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)
- kost maizes kumosu ― to bite (off) a mouthful of bread
- kost riekstu ― to bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth
- kost auklu, diegu ar zobiem ― to bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth
- desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otra ― they bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other
- Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktu ― Baiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer
- smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīs ― laughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut
- to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)
- kost tomātā, ābolā ― to bite (in) a tomato, an apple
- Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizē ― Andris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite
- to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)
- Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamās ― Julcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it
- kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiem ― the goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth
- (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite
- viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusi ― she hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning
- to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)
- čūska kož ― the snake bites
- svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kost ― a strange animal may suddenly bite
- vilks koda avis ― the wolf bit the sheep
- kostas brūces ― bitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)
- odi, blusas, dunduris kož ― mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite
- mušas koda kā trakas ― the flies bit like crazy
- visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesu ― all week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh
- (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain
- vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kož ― you will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)
- (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort
- visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedoma ― that flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all
- (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze or heat so much that they no longer grow)
- salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedus ― the frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers
- saulstaru kosta zāle ― sun(rays)-bitten grass
- (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly
- rūsa nespēj kost ― rust won't be able to bite it
- laika kostais kuršu zobens ― time-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword
- to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)
- sinepes kož mēlē ― must bites the tongue
- dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklā ― the smoke started biting in the eyes and throat
- sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīs ― the sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes
- laukā asi koda sals ― outside, the frost bit sharp
- vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēm ― the frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles
- rupji krekli kož ādā ― coarse shirts bite the skin
- (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)
- lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs ― the large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes
- lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīs ― the scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes
- (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well
- zāģis koda labi ― the saw bit (= cut) well
- jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekož ― your wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)
- to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)
- kost zobus lūpā ― to bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip
- meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva balta ― the girl bit her lip until it became white
- to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)
- Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīs ― Kains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant
Conjugation
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | kožu | kodu | kodīšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | kod | kodi | kodīsi | kod |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | kož | koda | kodīs | lai kož |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | kožam | kodām | kodīsim | kodīsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | kožat | kodāt | kodīsiet, kodīsit |
kodiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | kož | koda | kodīs | lai kož |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | kožot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | kodošs | ||
Past | esot kodis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | kozdams | ||
Future | kodīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | kožot | ||
Imperative | lai kožot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | kožam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | kodis | |||
Present | kostu | Present Passive | kožams | ||
Past | būtu kodis | Past Passive | kosts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jākož | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | kost | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jākož | Negative Infinitive | nekost | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jākožot | Verbal noun | košana |
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
- kodiens
- kodīgs
- kodināt
- kodums
- kosties
Related terms
- kodīt
- košļāt
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “kost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Molise Croatian
Etymology
From Serbo-Croatian kost.
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kost | kosta |
genitive | kosta | kosti, kost |
dative | kostu | kosti, kostami |
accusative | kost, kosta | kosta |
locative | kostu | kosta |
instrumental | kostom, kostam | kosti, kostami |
References
- Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.
Norwegian Bokmål
Derived terms
Related terms
Noun
kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)
Derived terms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʊst/
Derived terms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔst/
Noun
kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuːst/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔst/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʊst/
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Declension
Derived terms
- ključna kost
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkóːst/
- Tonal orthography: kọ̑st
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔst/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔst