Eczema herpeticum

Eczema herpeticum
Other names: Kaposi varicelliform eruption, pustulosis varioliformis acute, Kaposi-Juliusberg dermatitis
SpecialtyDermatology
ComplicationsSecondary bacterial infection, blindness[1][2]
DurationUp to six weeks
CausesHerpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2[1]
Risk factorsAtopic dermatitis (eczema), other forms of dermatitis, burns, ichthyoses[2]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms, confirmed by testing[1]
Differential diagnosisImpetigo, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, disseminated herpes zoster, disseminated molluscum contagiosum, dermatitis herpetiformis, eczema vaccinatum[2]
TreatmentAcyclovir, valacyclovir, supportive care[2]
FrequencyRare[3]

Eczema herpeticum is a widespread viral infection associated with small skin blisters.[1][2] The blisters generally begin in groups at the site of other skin problems and are painful.[2] They then break open to form small ulcers before developing a blood-stained crust.[2] Associated symptoms often include fever and swollen lymph nodes.[2] Healing generally occurs within six weeks.[2] Complications may include secondary bacterial infection and blindness.[1][2]

It is most commonly caused by a first episode of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2.[1] Those affected generally have atopic dermatitis (eczema); though it may also occur in other skin conditions such as other forms of dermatitis, burns, and ichthyoses.[2] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and may be confirmed by viral culture or PCR.[1] Coxsackievirus A16 or vaccinia virus (eczema vaccinatum) may produce a similar condition.[1]

Treatment should occur promptly with either acyclovir or valacyclovir.[2] Supportive care, including intravenous fluids, nutritional support, and pain medication may also be required.[2] Death is rare with appropriate treatment.[1][2] Some; however, are left with permanent loss of function.[2]

Eczema herpeticum affects about 3% of people with atopic dermatitis.[3] Children are more commonly affected than adults.[2] It was first described in 1887 by Moritz Kaposi.[1][3] Some use the term "eczema herpeticum" when it occurs in atopic dermatitis and "Kaposi varicelliform eruption" when it occurs in other skin conditions.[1]

Signs and symptoms

In addition to the skin, this infection affects multiple organs, including the eyes, brain, lung, and liver, and can be fatal.

  • Eczema herpeticum
    Eczema herpeticum
  • Eczema herpeticum
    Eczema herpeticum
  • Eczema herpeticum
    Eczema herpeticum
  • Eczema herpeticum
    Eczema herpeticum
  • Eczema herpeticum
    Eczema herpeticum

Treatment

It can be treated with systemic antiviral drugs, such as aciclovir or valganciclovir.[4] Foscarnet may also be used for immunocompromised host with Herpes simplex and acyclovir-resistant Herpes simplex.

History

Eczema herpeticum was first described by Hungarian dermatologist Moriz Kaposi in 1887.[5] Fritz Juliusberg coined the term Pustulosis varioliformis acute in 1898.

Epidemiology

Even though the disease may develop at any age it is mostly present in childhood.[6] Those who are affected typically had pre-existing cutaneous condition like atopic dermatitis.[6]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Eczema herpeticum | DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Xiao, A; Tsuchiya, A (January 2022). "Eczema Herpeticum". PMID 32809616. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. 1 2 3 Damour, Alexia; Garcia, Magali; Seneschal, Julien; Lévêque, Nicolas; Bodet, Charles (August 2020). "Eczema Herpeticum: Clinical and Pathophysiological Aspects". Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 59 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1007/s12016-019-08768-3. ISSN 1559-0267. PMID 31836943.
  4. ↑ Xiao, Anny; Tsuchiya, Arline (2022). "Eczema Herpeticum". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2022-11-06. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
  5. ↑ Reitamo, Sakari; Luger, Thomas A; Steinhoff, Martin (2008). Textbook of atopic dermatitis. Informa Healthcare. p. 70. ISBN 978-1841842462.
  6. 1 2 Liaw, Fang-Yih; Huang, Ching-Fu; Hsueh, Ju-Ting; Chiang, Chien-Ping (December 2012). "Eczema herpeticum". Canadian Family Physician. 58 (12): 1358–1361. ISSN 0008-350X. PMC 3520662. PMID 23242894. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
Classification
External resources
This article is issued from Offline. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.