MVA-BN smallpox vaccine

MVA-BN smallpox vaccine
Vaccine description
TypeAttenuated virus
Names
Trade namesImvanex, Imvamune, Jynneos
Other namesLive modified Vaccinia virus Ankara,[1] modified vaccinia Ankara - Bavarian Nordic smallpox vaccine[2]
Clinical data
Main usesSmallpox, monkeypox[1]
Side effectsPain at injection site, muscle pain, headache, tiredness, nausea[3]
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Routes of
use		Subcutaneous injection
External links
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Legal
Legal status

MVA-BN smallpox vaccine is a smallpox vaccine used to prevent smallpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia.[1][2] It is recommended in people at high risk of these disease, including after exposure.[4][5] It was previously estimated to be more than 85% effective against monkeypox.[4] It is given by injection under the skin as two doses 4-weeks apart.[4]

Side effects are generally mild.[1] Commonly these include pain at the site of injection, muscle pain, headache, tiredness, and nausea.[3] Other side effects may include anaphylaxis.[3] For people with eczema or a weakened immune system, MVA-BN is safer then ACAM2000.[6] There is no evidence of harm in pregnancy, though such use has not been well studied.[7] It is a live vaccine, using the vaccinia virus, but a version that cannot duplicate itself.[3]

MVA-BN was approved for medical use in Canada and Europe in 2013, and the United States in 2019.[6] It is sold under the brands Jynneos, Imvamune, and Imvanex.[2] As of 2022 there are about 16 million doses available globally, with the United States to get 14 million.[8][9] In the 2000s it cost government about 29 USD a dose.[10] Bavarian Nordic owns the patent; though received 2 billion USD from the United States government to support its development.[9]

Medical uses

MVA-BN smallpox vaccine is used protects against smallpox and monkeypox.[4] How long it lasts is unclear.[1]

In 2021, its use was recommended in high risk occupations in the US.[5] In the same year the vaccine was provided for health workers in the UK following an outbreak of monkeypox there.[5]

In the United States and Canada it is approved for people 18 years and old.[3][11] Use in children would be off-label.[11]

Dosage

It has typically been given by injection under the skin as two doses 4-weeks apart.[4] In August of 2022 the FDA approved giving one fifth the usual dose intradermal.[12]

Side effects

For people with atopic eczema or weakened immune systems, MVA-BN has been shown to be safer then ACAM2000.[6]

History

The previous smallpox vaccines, Dryvax, is now no longer produced.[6] It was replaced by ACAM2000.[6] MVA-BN was first approved in Canada and Europe in 2013, and the United States in 2019.[6]

Society and culture

Licensing

In the United States, MVA-BN is marketed as Jynneos.[4] It is marketed as Imvamune in Canada, and in Europe as Imvanex.[13] In 2020 in Canada, it was licensed for use to prevent smallpox, monkeypox and other related orthopoxvirus infections.[5]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Imvanex EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 2014-10-02.
  2. 1 2 3 "MVA-BN smallpox vaccine". www.cancer.gov. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine Live Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 8 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Monkeypox and Smallpox Vaccine Guidance | Monkeypox | Poxvirus". www.cdc.gov. 29 November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Meeting proceedings". WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: report of the twenty-third meeting, virtual meeting, 3-4 November 2021. World Health Organization. 2022. pp. 14–18. ISBN 978-92-4-004674-0. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Saleh, Amr; Qamar, Shahraz; Tekin, Aysun; Singh, Romil; Kashyap, Rahul (July 2021). "Vaccine Development Throughout History". Cureus. 13 (7): e16635. doi:10.7759/cureus.16635. ISSN 2168-8184. PMID 34462676. Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2022-05-21.
  7. ↑ "Smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (Jynneos) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  8. ↑ "Monkeypox". www.who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  9. 1 2 "Exclusive: Closure Of World's Only Manufacturing Plant For Monkeypox Vaccine Raises Questions About World's Ability To Meet Rising Demand - Health Policy Watch". 31 July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  10. ↑ Lambert de Rouvroit, Axel; Heegaard, Erik D. (January 2016). "Total costs associated with replicating and non-replicating smallpox vaccines". Global Security: Health, Science and Policy. 1 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1080/23793406.2016.1171944.
  11. 1 2 "NACI Rapid Response - Interim guidance on the use of Imvamune® in the context of monkeypox outbreaks in Canada" (PDF). p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  12. ↑ Commissioner, Office of the (10 August 2022). "Monkeypox Update: FDA Authorizes Emergency Use of JYNNEOS Vaccine to Increase Vaccine Supply". FDA. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  13. ↑ "MVA-BN smallpox vaccine | Bavarian Nordic". www.bavarian-nordic.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
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