Pemirolast

Pemirolast
Names
Trade namesAlamast, Alegysal, others
Other namesPemirolast potassium
IUPAC name
  • 9-methyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one
Clinical data
Drug classMast cell stabilizer[1]
Main usesAllergic conjunctivitis[1]
Side effectsHeadache, runny nose[1]
WHO AWaReUnlinkedWikibase error: ⧼unlinkedwikibase-error-statements-entity-not-set⧽
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)[2]
    Routes of
    use    		By mouth, eye drop
    External links
    AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
    Legal
    Legal status
    • US: ℞-only
    • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC10H8N6O
    Molar mass228.215 g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)
    SMILES
    • CC1=CC=CN2C1=NC=C(C2=O)C3=NNN=N3

    Pemirolast, sold under the brand names Alamast among others, is a medication used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.[1] It is used as an eye drop.[1]

    Common side effects include headache and runny nose.[1] Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear.[2] It is is a mast cell stabilizer.[1]

    Pemirolast was approved for medical use in the United States in 1999.[1] As of 2021 it is not commercially available in the United States.[3]

    Medical uses

    Acute allergic conjunctivitis maybe treated with pemirolast[4]

    The combination of levocabastine and pemirolast may be more effective than levocabastine alone.[5]

    Dosage

    It may be used as 1 to 2 drops up to 4 times per day.[1]

    Research

    It has also been studied for the treatment of asthma. Pemirolast has appeared as a possible candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spike protein disruption and interference. Such results were ascertained by molecular dynamics calculations executed on the Summit supercomputer. By simulating compounds with FDA or similar regulatory approval, the authors found 4 interfacial molecules that could potentially disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 interface with ACE-2 receptors, suggesting that such small molecules could mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection. The 4 candidate interfacial molecules included pemirolast, isoniazid pyruvate, nitrofurantoin, and eriodictyol.[6]

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Pemirolast Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
    2. 1 2 "Pemirolast ophthalmic (Alamast) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 September 2020. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
    3. ↑ "Pemirolast Prices and Pemirolast Coupons - GoodRx". GoodRx. Archived from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
    4. ↑ Mishra, Gyan P.; Tamboli, Viral; Jwala, Jwala; Mitra, Ashim K. (January 2011). "Recent patents and emerging therapeutics in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis". Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery. 5 (1): 26–36. doi:10.2174/187221311794474883. ISSN 1872-213X.
    5. ↑ Castillo M, Scott NW, Mustafa MZ, Mustafa MS, Azuara-Blanco A (2015). "Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers for treating seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 6 (6): CD009566. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009566.pub2. hdl:2164/6048. PMID 26028608.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
    6. ↑ Smith, MD, Smith JC (April 2020). "Repurposing Therapeutics for COVID-19: Supercomputer-Based Docking to the SARS-CoV-2 Viral Spike Protein and Viral Spike Protein-Human ACE2 Interface". Preprint: 1–28. Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
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