Tymoviridae

Tymoviridae
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Kitrinoviricota
Class:	Alsuviricetes
Order:	Tymovirales
Family:	Tymoviridae
Genera
	Maculavirus; Marafivirus; Tymovirus;

Turnip yellow mosaic virus on cabbage

Tymoviridae is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 42 species in this family, assigned to three genera, with two species unassigned to a genus.^[1]^[2]

Taxonomy

The family includes the following three genera:^[2]

Additionally, the following two species are not assigned to a genus:^[2]

Bombyx mori latent virus
Poinsettia mosaic virus

Proposed viruses

Culex tymovirus^[3]
Fig fleck-associated virus

Virology

The virions are non-enveloped and isometric with a diameter of around 30 nm, with an icosahedral structure and a triangulation number T=3.^[1]

The linear genome is between of 6–7.5 kilobases in length^[1] and encodes one large open reading frame. It is capped at the 5’ terminus. The 3’ terminus may have a tRNA-like structure or a polyA tract, depending upon the species. The genome is relatively cytosine rich.

Genus	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic arrangement	Genomic segmentation
Maculavirus	Icosahedral	T=3	Non-enveloped	Linear	Monopartite
Marafivirus	Icosahedral	T=3	Non-enveloped	Linear	Monopartite
Tymovirus	Icosahedral	T=3	Non-enveloped	Linear	Monopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (insects). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical.^[1]

Genus	Host details	Tissue tropism	Entry details	Release details	Replication site	Assembly site	Transmission
Maculavirus	Plants	None	Viral movement; mechanical inoculation	Viral movement	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Mechanical inoculation: pseudococcid mealybugs; Mechanical inoculation: aphids
Marafivirus	Plants	None	Viral movement; mechanical inoculation	Viral movement	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Mechanical inoculation: pseudococcid mealybugs; Mechanical inoculation: aphids
Tymovirus	Plants	None	Viral movement; mechanical inoculation	Viral movement	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Mechanical: beetles; sap

References

1 2 3 4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
1 2 3 "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
↑ Wang L, Lv X, Zhai Y, Fu S, Wang D, Rayner S, Tang Q, Liang G (2012) Genomic characterization of a novel virus of the family tymoviridae isolated from mosquitoes. PLoS One 7(7):e39845.

External links

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[ViralZone-1] 1 2 3 4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.

[ICTV-2] 1 2 3 "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.

[Wang2012-3] Wang L, Lv X, Zhai Y, Fu S, Wang D, Rayner S, Tang Q, Liang G (2012) Genomic characterization of a novel virus of the family tymoviridae isolated from mosquitoes. PLoS One 7(7):e39845.

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