2024 European Parliament election

In June 2018, the Council agreed to change the EU electoral law and to reform old laws from the 1976 Electoral Act as amended in 2002.[8] New provisions included a mandatory 2% threshold for countries with more than 35 seats and rules to prevent voters from voting in multiple countries.[9] After the Act was adopted by the Council following consent given by the European Parliament in July 2018, not all member states ratified the Act prior to the 2019 elections, which took place under the old rules. As of 2023, the reform has yet to be ratified by Cyprus, Germany and Spain.[10]

On 3 May 2022, the European Parliament voted to propose a new electoral law, which would contain provisions for electing 28 seats on transnational lists.[11] As of 2023, this reform has not been approved by the Council, which must approve it unanimously.[12]

In the run-up to the 2014 European Parliament elections a new informal system was unveiled for the selection of the European Commission President dictating that whichever party group gained the most seats would see their lead candidate become President of the Commission.[13] In 2014, the candidate of the largest group, Jean-Claude Juncker, was eventually nominated and elected as Commission President.[14] European party leaders aimed to reintroduce the system in 2019, with them selecting lead candidates and organizing a televised debate between those candidate.[15] In the aftermath of the election German Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen was chosen as Commission President, even though she had not been a candidate prior to the election, while Manfred Weber, lead candidate for the EPP, which had gained the most seats, was not nominated.[16] Following the non-application of the system in 2019, some have called for the system to be revived, in the upcoming elections.[17][18][19]

As of 2023, the EPP[20] EGP,[21] and PEL[22] have announced their intensions to nominate a main candidate in 2024, while ECR and ID have rejected doing so.[23]

As a result of Brexit, 27 seats from the British delegation were distributed to other countries in January 2020 (those elected in 2019, but not yet seated took their seats).[24] The other 46 seats were abolished with the total number of MEPs decreasing from 751 to 705 after that.[25]

A report in the European Parliament proposed in February 2023 and passed in June 2023 to modify the apportionment in the European Parliament and increase the number of MEPs again in order to adapt to the development of the population and preserve degressive proportionality.[26][27] The European Council will, by unanimity, take the final decision on the size of the European Parliament and each national seat quota. On 26 July 2023, the Council reached a preliminary agreement, which would increase the size of the European Parliament to 720 seats.[28] On 13 September 2023, the European Parliament consented to this decision,[29] which was adopted by the European Council on 22 September 2023.[30]

Should the spitzenkandidat system be used in 2024, Ursula von der Leyen, the current European Commission President, may face an uphill battle to make it to a second term. Although Germany's Chancellor Olaf Scholz has hinted he would support von der Leyen should she choose to run for the position again,[43] the coalition has also agreed to support the spitzenkandidat system.[44] This poses a challenge to von der Leyen's candidacy as this gives room to Manfred Weber, the leader of the EPP in the EP, and fellow German CDU/CSU member, to propose alternative candidates, such as Roberta Metsola, or to demand von der Leyen run for Parliament to secure the support of her party.[45] As of October 2023, von der Leyen has yet to announce whether she aims for a second term as Commission President.

The chart below depicts opinion polls of the number of seats for the groups in the EU Parliament using a 6-poll moving average.

The chart below depicts opinion polls of the popular vote share for the groups in the EU Parliament using a 6-poll moving average.

The dates chosen for the elections conflict with a long weekend in Portugal, where Portugal Day, a national holiday, is celebrated on 10 June, which is expected to suppress turnout.[46] Despite an attempt by Portuguese leaders to find a compromise, no change was made to the default date of 6–9 June,[47] which required unanimity to be changed.

The ongoing Qatargate corruption scandal, which began in December 2022, has destabilized the European Parliament following the arrest of several MEPs including Marc Tarabella; Andrea Cozzolino and Eva Kaili which was stripped of her vice presidency. Other suspects in the case include Francesco Giorgi, the parliamentary assistant of MEP Andrea Cozzolino; Pier Antonio Panzeri, founder of the Fight Impunity NGO; Niccolo Figa-Talamanca, head of the No Peace Without Justice NGO; and Luca Visentini, head of the International Trade Union Confederation.[48][49]