Xerox Character Code Standard

The Xerox Character Code Standard (XCCS) is a historical 16-bit character encoding that was created by Xerox[1] in 1980 for the exchange of information between elements of the Xerox Network Systems Architecture.[2] It encodes the characters required for languages using the Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, Greek and Cyrillic scripts, the Chinese, Japanese and Korean writing systems, and technical symbols.[3]

Xerox Character Code Standard (XCCS)
Language(s)English, French, German, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean
Created byXerox

It can be viewed as an early precursor of, and inspiration for, the Unicode Standard.[4][1]

The International Character Set (ICS) is compatible with XCCS.[5]

The XCCS 2.0 (1990) revision covers Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, Gothic, Armenian, Runic, Georgian, Greek, Cyrillic, Hiragana, Katakana, Bopomofo scripts, technical, and mathematical symbols.[6]

Code charts

Character sets overview
XCCS Lead byte
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x 00
1x
2x 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
3x 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F
4x 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F
5x 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F
6x 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F
7x 70 71 72 73 74
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex E0 E1 E2 E3 EE EF
Fx F0 F1 FE FF

Character set 0x00
XCCS (prefixed with 0x00)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x  SP  ! " # ¤ % & ʼ ( ) * + , - . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
6x ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~
8x
9x
Ax ¡ ¢ £ $ ¥ § ‘ “ « ← ↑ → ↓
Bx ° ± ² ³ × µ · ÷ ’ ” » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿
Cx ` ´ ˆ ˜ ¯ ˘ ˙ ¨ ˚ ¸ ˍ ˝ ˛ ˇ
Dx ― ¹ © ® ™ ♪ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞
Ex Ω Æ Ð ª Ħ ȷ IJ Ŀ Ł Ø Œ º Þ Ŧ Ŋ ʼn
Fx ĸ æ đ ð ħ ı ij ŀ ł ø œ ß þ ŧ ŋ

Character set 0x21
XCCS (prefixed with 0x21)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x IDSP 、 。 · ゙ ゚ ´ ¨
3x ‾ ヽ ヾ ゝ ゞ 〃 仝 々 〆 〇 ー — –
4x 〜 ‖ … ‥ ‘ ’ “ ” 〔 〕
5x 〈 〉 《 》 「 」 『 』 【 】 − ×
6x ÷ ≠ ≦ ≧ ∞ ∴ ♀ ♂ ° ′ ″ ℃ ¥
7x ¢ £ § ☆ ★ ○ ● ◎ ◇
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x22
XCCS (prefixed with 0x22)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x ◆ □ ■ △ ▲ ▽ ▼ ※ 〒 → ← ↑ ↓ 〓
3x ∈ ∋ ⊆ ⊇ ⊂ ⊃
4x ∪ ∩ ∧ ∨ ¬ ⇒ ⇔ ∀
5x ∃ ∠ ⊥ ⌒ ∂
6x ∇ ≡ ≒ ≪ ≫ √ ∽ ∝ ∵ ∫ ∬
7x Å ‰ ♯ ♭ ♩ † ‡ ◯
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x23
XCCS (prefixed with 0x23)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx ̣
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x24
XCCS (prefixed with 0x24)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x ぁ あ ぃ い ぅ う ぇ え ぉ お か が き ぎ く
3x ぐ け げ こ ご さ ざ し じ す ず せ ぜ そ ぞ た
4x だ ち ぢ っ つ づ て で と ど な に ぬ ね の は
5x ば ぱ ひ び ぴ ふ ぶ ぷ へ べ ぺ ほ ぼ ぱ ま み
6x む め も ゃ や ゅ ゆ ょ よ ら り る れ ろ ゎ わ
7x ゐ ゑ を ん
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x25
XCCS (prefixed with 0x25)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x ァ ア ィ イ ゥ ウ ェ エ ォ オ カ ガ キ ギ ク
3x グ ケ ゲ コ ゴ サ ザ シ ジ ス ズ セ ゼ ソ ゾ タ
4x ダ チ ヂ ッ ツ ヅ テ デ ト ド ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ ハ
5x バ パ ヒ ビ ピ フ ブ プ ヘ ベ ペ ホ ボ ポ マ ミ
6x ム メ モ ャ ヤ ュ ユ ョ ヨ ラ リ ル レ ロ ヮ ワ
7x ヰ ヱ ヲ ン
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x26
XCCS (prefixed with 0x26)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο
3x Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω ;
4x α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο
5x π ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω
6x
7x ς
8x
9x
Ax
Bx ΄ ΅
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x27
XCCS (prefixed with 0x27)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н
3x О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э
4x Ю Я
5x а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н
6x о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э
7x ю я
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x28
XCCS (prefixed with 0x28)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x │ ─ ┐ ┌ └ ┘ ┤ ┬ ├ ┴ ┼ ━ ┃ ┏ ┓
3x ┗ ┛ ┫ ┳ ┣ ┻ ╋ ┠ ┯ ┨ ┷ ┿ ┝ ┰ ┥ ┷
4x ╂
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x30
XCCS (prefixed with 0x30)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x 亜 唖 娃 阿 哀 愛 挨 姶 逢 葵 茛 穐 悪 握 湅
3x 旭 葦 芦 鯵 梓 圧 斡 扱 宛 姐 虻 飴 絢 綾 鮎 或
4x 粟 袷 安 庵 按 暗 案 闇 鞍 杏 以 伊 位 依 偉 囲
5x 夷 委 威 尉 悿 意 慰 易 椅 為 畏 異 禿 維 緯 胃
6x 萎 衣 謂 違 遺 医 井 亥 育 域 郁 碿 一 壱 溢 逸
7x 稲 茨 芋 鰯 允 印 咽 員 因 姻 引 飲 淫 胤 蔭
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0x31
XCCS (prefixed with 0x31)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x 院 陰 隠 韻 吋 右 宇 烏 羽 迂 雨 卯 鵜 窺 丑
3x 碓 臼 渦 嘘 唄 欝 蔚 鰻 姥 厩 浦 瓜 閏 噂 云 運
4x 雲 荏 餌 叡 営 嬰 影 映 曳 栄 永 泳 洩 瑛 盈 穎
5x 頴 英 衛 詠 鋭 液 疫 益 駅 悦 謁 越 閲 榎 厭 円
6x 園 堰 奄 宴 延 怨 掩 援 沿 演 炎 焔 煙 燕 猿 縁
7x 艶 苑 薗 遠 鉛 鴛 塩 於 汚 甥 凹 央 奥 往 応
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0xE0
XCCS (prefixed with 0xE0)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x
3x
4x
5x
6x א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י ך כ ל ם מ
7x ן נ ס ע ף פ ץ צ ק ר ש ת
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0xE1
XCCS (prefixed with 0xE1)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x
3x
4x ء آ أ ؤ إ ئ ا ب ة ت ث ج ح خ د
5x ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ
6x ـ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ى ي ً ٌ ٍ َ ُ
7x ِ ّ ْ ٓ ٔ ٕ ٖ ٗ ٘ ٙ ٚ
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0xE2
XCCS (prefixed with 0xE2)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx j ʎ ŋ k ɡ
Ex x ɣ ɰ g ɴ ƞ q ɢ χ ʁ ʀ ħ ʕ ʔ h ɦ
Fx

Character set 0xE3
XCCS (prefixed with 0xE3)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
Ax ￦
Bx
Cx ﾡ ﾢ ﾣ ﾤ ﾥ ﾦ ﾧ ﾨ ﾩ ﾪ ﾫ ﾬ ﾭ ﾮ ﾯ
Dx ﾰ ﾱ ﾲ ﾳ ﾴ ﾵ ﾶ ﾷ ﾸ ﾹ ﾺ ﾻ ﾼ ﾽ ﾾ HCF
Ex ￂ ￃ ￄ ￅ ￆ ￇ ￊ ￋ ￌ ￍ ￎ ￏ
Fx ￒ ￓ ￔ ￕ ￖ ￗ ￚ ￛ ￜ HVF

Character set 0xEE
XCCS (prefixed with 0xEE)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x NBSP 3/MSP 4/MSP HSP PSP ENSP EMSP FSP .
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x ⌈/⎡ ⌊/⎣ ⌉/⎤ ⌋/⎦ | ∼
8x
9x
Ax ․ ‥ …
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex ⎫ ⎪ ⎬ ⎭ ⎧ ⎩ ⎨ ⎪
Fx

Character set 0xEF
XCCS (prefixed with 0xEF)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x ∝ ∞ ' ⊥ ⊤ ⋆ ∙/⋅ ∕
3x † ‡ 〈 〉 ☞ ⊢ ⊣ ⊨ ⫤ ≈ ∈ ↖ ↘ ↗ ↙
4x ℅ ‰ ≪ ≫ ≮ ≯ ∣ ∤ ∥ ∦ ∌ ∉ ∋ ⇐ ↔ ⇒
5x ⇋ ⇄ ↝ ∊ ∍ ∩ ∪ ⊇ ⊆ ⊃ ⊂ ⊉ ⊈ ⊅ ⊄
6x ⊐ ⊏ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊘ • ∘ ℏ ∅ ¬ ¦ ∠ ∢ ∟ ∵
7x ≐ ≘ ≡ ≢ ≟ ≙ ≂ ≃ ≅ ≊ ∫ ∮ √ ∓ ∔
8x
9x
Ax ƒ ₣ ℵ № ℚ ℍ ℂ ℕ ℝ ℤ
Bx ∃ ∄ ℓ ∀ ∧ ∨ ∎ ∇ ∂ ☎ ⤸
Cx ✓
Dx
Ex ∑ ∏ │ ─ ┼
Fx ∐ ⅓ ⅔

Character set 0xF0
XCCS (prefixed with 0xF0)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x ff ffi ffl fi fl
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
Ex
Fx

Character set 0xF1
XCCS (prefixed with 0xF1)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x
1x
2x Á À Â É Ü Î Ä Å Ó Ò Ú Ù Ç Í Ì
3x Æ Ø Œ
4x
5x Ö
6x
7x
8x
9x
Ax á à â é ü î ä å ó ò ú ù ç í ì
Bx æ ø œ
Cx
Dx ö
Ex
Fx

See also

References
  1. Haralambous, Yannis (September 2007). Fonts & Encodings. Translated by Horne, P. Scott (1st ed.). Sebastopol, California, USA: O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-596-10242-5.
  2. "Xerox System Network Architecture General Information Manual". Xerox Corporation. April 1985. pp. 57–63. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
  3. Centerlind, Tomas (1987-06-18). "International Character Code Standard for the BE2" (PDF). Information Technology Center (ITC), Carnegie Mellon University. CMU-ITC-87-091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
  4. Becker, Joseph D. (1998-09-10) [1988-08-29]. "Unicode 88" (PDF). unicode.org (10th anniversary reprint ed.). Unicode Consortium. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2016-10-25. In 1978, the initial proposal for a set of "Universal Signs" was made by Bob Belleville at Xerox PARC. Many persons contributed ideas to the development of a new encoding design. Beginning in 1980, these efforts evolved into the Xerox Character Code Standard (XCCS) by the present author, a multilingual encoding which has been maintained by Xerox as an internal corporate standard since 1982, through the efforts of Ed Smura, Ron Pellar, and others.
    Unicode arose as the result of eight years of working experience with XCCS. Its fundamental differences from XCCS were proposed by Peter Fenwick and Dave Opstad (pure 16-bit codes), and by Lee Collins (ideographic character unification). Unicode retains the many features of XCCS whose utility have been proved over the years in an international line of communication multilingual system products.
  5. Salmons, Jim; Babitshky, Timlynn (1992). International OOP Directory. COOT, Inc. pp. 3–98.
  6. Whistler, Kenneth. "Re: Questions about Unicode history". Retrieved 6 October 2017.

Further reading
  • Character Code Standard, coll. "Xerox System Integration Standard". May 1980.
  • Character Standard Code XSIS 058,405, coll. "Xerox System Integration Standard". April 1984. (100 pp.)
  • Character Standard Code XNSS 058,405, coll. "Xerox System Integration Standard". May 1986.
  • Character Standard Code XNSS 059,003 Version 2.0, coll. "Xerox System Integration Standard". June 1990.
  • "Literature Catalog" (PDF). Xerox Systems Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2016-11-25.
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