Eurovision Song Contest 1991
The Eurovision Song Contest 1991 was the 36th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Rome, Italy, following the country's victory at the 1990 contest with the song "Insieme: 1992" by Toto Cutugno and was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The contest was held at Studio 15 di Cinecittà on 4 May 1991 and was hosted by former Italian winners Gigliola Cinquetti and Toto Cutugno.
Eurovision Song Contest 1991 | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Dates | |
Final | 4 May 1991 |
Host | |
Venue | Cinecittà (Studio 15) Rome, Italy |
Presenter(s) | Gigliola Cinquetti Toto Cutugno |
Musical director | Bruno Canfora |
Directed by | Riccardo Donna |
Executive supervisor | Frank Naef |
Executive producer | Silvia Salvetti |
Host broadcaster | Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI) |
Website | eurovision |
Participants | |
Number of entries | 22 |
Debuting countries | None |
Returning countries | ![]() |
Non-returning countries | ![]() |
Participation map
| |
Vote | |
Voting system | Each country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs |
Winning song | ![]() "Fångad av en stormvind" |
Twenty-two countries took part in the contest with Malta participating for the first time since 1975, and the Netherlands deciding not to participate. It was also the first time that Germany was represented in their reunited form since East Germany joined West Germany by the German reunification.
The winner this year was Sweden with the song "Fångad av en stormvind" by Carola. There was a tie between Sweden and France with "C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison" by Amina, as both songs had received 146 points. This necessitated a 'count-back', a tie-breaking measure introduced after the four-way tie in 1969. Both Sweden and France had received four sets of 12 points, but Sweden had received five sets of 10 points to France's two, so Carola was declared the winner.
Location
The contest was originally scheduled to be held at Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, where the Sanremo Music Festival takes place annually. This was meant for the organisers to pay tribute to the Italian festival that had inspired the creation of the Eurovision Song Contest. However, following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and the outbreak of the Gulf War, the host broadcaster RAI decided in January 1991 that to better ensure the security of foreign delegations it would move the contest to Rome. This caused serious organisational problems and delays.[2]
Rome is the capital of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale). Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region. It was later confirmed that the contest would be staged at Cinecittà, a large film studio in Rome, with Studio 15 as the host venue. With an area of 400,000 square metres, it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the fascist era as part of a scheme to revive the Italian film industry.
Participating countries
Twenty-two countries competed this year. The Netherlands did not participate as it conflicted with the Remembrance of the Dead national holiday, and so Malta was allowed to participate in the contest for the first time in 16 years, unable to before due to restrictions on the number of countries allowed to participate.
Country | Broadcaster | Artist | Song | Language | Songwriter(s) | Conductor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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ORF | Thomas Forstner | "Venedig im Regen" | German |
|
Richard Oesterreicher |
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BRTN | Clouseau | "Geef het op" | Dutch |
|
Roland Verlooven |
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CyBC | Elena Patroklou | "S.O.S." | Greek |
|
Alexander Kirov Zografov |
![]() |
DR | Anders Frandsen | "Lige der hvor hjertet slår" | Danish | Michael Elo | Henrik Krogsgaard |
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YLE | Kaija | "Hullu yö" | Finnish |
|
Olli Ahvenlahti |
![]() |
Antenne 2 | Amina | "C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison" | French | Jérôme Pillement | |
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SFB[lower-alpha 1] | Atlantis 2000 | "Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben" | German |
|
Hermann Weindorf |
![]() |
ERT | Sophia Vossou | "Anixi" (Άνοιξη) | Greek | Andreas Mikroutsikos | Haris Andreadis |
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RÚV | Stefán and Eyfi | "Nína" | Icelandic | Eyjólfur Kristjánsson | Jón Ólafsson |
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RTÉ | Kim Jackson | "Could It Be That I'm in Love" | English | Liam Reilly | Noel Kelehan |
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IBA | Duo Datz | "Kan" (כאן) | Hebrew | Uzi Hitman | Kobi Oshrat |
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RAI | Peppino di Capri | "Comme è ddoce 'o mare" | Neapolitan |
|
Bruno Canfora |
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CLT | Sarah Bray | "Un baiser volé" | French |
|
Francis Goya |
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PBS | Paul Giordimaina and Georgina | "Could It Be" | English |
|
Paul Abela |
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NRK | Just 4 Fun | "Mrs. Thompson" | Norwegian |
|
Pete Knutsen |
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RTP | Dulce | "Lusitana paixão" | Portuguese |
|
Fernando Correia Martins |
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TVE | Sergio Dalma | "Bailar pegados" | Spanish |
|
Eduardo Leiva |
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SVT | Carola | "Fångad av en stormvind" | Swedish | Stephan Berg | Anders Berglund |
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SRG SSR | Sandra Simó | "Canzone per te" | Italian | Renato Mascetti | Flaviano Cuffari |
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TRT | Can Uğurluer, İzel Çeliköz and Reyhan Karaca | "İki Dakika" | Turkish |
|
Turhan Yükseler |
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BBC | Samantha Janus | "A Message to Your Heart" | English | Paul Curtis | Ronnie Hazlehurst |
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JRT | Baby Doll | "Brazil" (Бразил) | Serbo-Croatian |
|
Slobodan Marković |
Returning artists
Artist | Country | Previous year(s) |
---|---|---|
Thomas Forstner | ![]() |
1989 |
Stefán Hilmarsson (part of Stefán and Eyfi) | ![]() |
1988 (part of Beathoven) |
Eiríkur Hauksson (part of Just 4 Fun) | ![]() |
1986 (for ![]() |
Hanne Krogh (part of Just 4 Fun) | 1971, 1985 (part of Bobbysocks!) | |
Carola | ![]() |
1983 |
Production and format
Nearly the entire contest was hosted in Italian, which is not an official language of the European Broadcasting Union (English and French are, and in the Eurovision Song Contest it is mandatory to provide presentation in at least one of those languages).
The overall staging and production standard received considerable criticism afterwards, including for wasting time which saw the broadcast overshoot its scheduled time allotment and for the haphazard and casual approach of the two presenters throughout but particularly during the voting, which saw Frank Naef, the independent scrutineer of the European Broadcasting Union, often being required to intervene in the process.[8][9]
This was the last contest where the official logo was in a language other than English (Italian in this case). Since 1992, the official logo of the Eurovision Song Contest has remained in English.
Postcards
The competing artists were asked to sing a known Italian song which would then be used as a short clip for the postcard. The songs were in order:
Yugoslavia – "Non ho l'età" (Gigliola Cinquetti)
Iceland – "Se bastasse una canzone" (Eros Ramazzotti)
Malta – "Questo piccolo grande amore" (Claudio Baglioni)
Greece – "Caruso" (Lucio Dalla)
Switzerland – "Un'estate italiana" (Edoardo Bennato and Gianna Nannini)
Austria – "Adesso tu" (Eros Ramazzotti)
Luxembourg – "Sarà perché ti amo" (Ricchi e Poveri)
Sweden – "Non voglio mica la luna" (Fiordaliso)
France – "La partita di pallone" (Rita Pavone)
Turkey – "Amore scusami" (John Foster)
Ireland – "Nel blu, dipinto di blu" (Domenico Modugno)
Portugal – "Dio, come ti amo" (Domenico Modugno / Gigliola Cinquetti)
Denmark – "Nessun dorma" (from Giacomo Puccini's opera Turandot)
Norway – "Santa Lucia" (traditional)
Israel – "Lontano dagli occhi" (Sergio Endrigo / Mary Hopkin)
Finland – "Maruzzella" (Renato Carosone)
Germany – "L'Italiano" (Toto Cutugno)
Belgium – "Musica è" (Eros Ramazzotti)
Spain – "Sono tremendo" (Rocky Roberts)
United Kingdom – "Ricordati di me" (Antonello Venditti)
Cyprus – "Io che amo solo te" (Sergio Endrigo)
Italy – "Champagne" (Peppino di Capri)
Contest overview
The presenters were Gigliola Cinquetti and Toto Cutugno, who represented Italy when they won Eurovision in 1964 and 1990 respectively. Cutugno opened the contest singing "Insieme: 1992", and Cinquetti performed "Non ho l'età". Cutugno had some difficulty with the pronunciation of the song titles and names of the artists and conductors. Despite this, in Italy almost seven million people watched the show. In addition to tallying the vote numbers in English and French, Cinquetti and Cutugno gave each of the jury allotments in Italian as well.
Sara Carlson gave the opening performance of the contest, titled "New Day (Celebrate)", a mixture of modern dance in ancient settings of ancient Rome. The performance featured Carlson singing, and a mixture of street dance and classical dance choreographed to popular sounding music of the time. At the time, Carlson had appeared numerous times on Italian television, and this was seen as one of her largest audiences.
R/O | Country | Artist | Song | Points | Place |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
Baby Doll | "Brazil" | 1 | 21 |
2 | ![]() |
Stefán and Eyfi | "Nína" | 26 | 15 |
3 | ![]() |
Paul Giordimaina and Georgina | "Could It Be" | 106 | 6 |
4 | ![]() |
Sophia Vossou | "Anixi" | 36 | 13 |
5 | ![]() |
Sandra Simó | "Canzone per te" | 118 | 5 |
6 | ![]() |
Thomas Forstner | "Venedig im Regen" | 0 | 22 |
7 | ![]() |
Sarah Bray | "Un baiser volé" | 29 | 14 |
8 | ![]() |
Carola | "Fångad av en stormvind" | 146 | 1 |
9 | ![]() |
Amina | "C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison" | 146 | 2 |
10 | ![]() |
Can Uğurluer, İzel Çeliköz and Reyhan Karaca | "İki Dakika" | 44 | 12 |
11 | ![]() |
Kim Jackson | "Could It Be That I'm in Love" | 47 | 10 |
12 | ![]() |
Dulce | "Lusitana paixão" | 62 | 8 |
13 | ![]() |
Anders Frandsen | "Lige der hvor hjertet slår" | 8 | 19 |
14 | ![]() |
Just 4 Fun | "Mrs. Thompson" | 14 | 17 |
15 | ![]() |
Duo Datz | "Kan" | 139 | 3 |
16 | ![]() |
Kaija | "Hullu yö" | 6 | 20 |
17 | ![]() |
Atlantis 2000 | "Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben" | 10 | 18 |
18 | ![]() |
Clouseau | "Geef het op" | 23 | 16 |
19 | ![]() |
Sergio Dalma | "Bailar pegados" | 119 | 4 |
20 | ![]() |
Samantha Janus | "A Message to Your Heart" | 47 | 10 |
21 | ![]() |
Elena Patroklou | "S.O.S." | 60 | 9 |
22 | ![]() |
Peppino di Capri | "Comme è ddoce 'o mare" | 89 | 7 |
Spokespersons
Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1991 contest are listed below.
Ireland – Eileen Dunne[11]
Italy – Rosanna Vaudetti[12]
Malta – Dominic Micallef[13]
Sweden – Bo Hagström[14]
United Kingdom – Colin Berry[4]
Detailed voting results
Each country had a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 point(s) for their top ten songs.
During the final vote (Italy) none of the top three contenders - Sweden, Israel and France - had received any points up until the last 12-point vote. This vote went to France and for the first time in twenty-two years, there was a tie for first place, with France overcoming a large deficit to catch up with Sweden. However, since the four-way tie of 1969, the rules had been altered to ensure a single outright winner. The first step in the procedure was to check the number of 12-point votes awarded to each country. Sweden and France were still tied. But when counting the number of 10-point votes, Sweden had more and was finally declared the winner.
Yugoslavia | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iceland | 26 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Malta | 106 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 10 | ||||||
Greece | 36 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 2 | |||||||||||
Switzerland | 118 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 4 | |||
Austria | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Luxembourg | 29 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Sweden | 146 | 6 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 6 | |||||
France | 146 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 12 | ||||
Turkey | 44 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
Ireland | 47 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||
Portugal | 62 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 1 | |||||||||
Denmark | 8 | 3 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Norway | 14 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Israel | 139 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 5 | ||||
Finland | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Germany | 10 | 6 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Belgium | 23 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Spain | 119 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 12 | |||
United Kingdom | 47 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||
Cyprus | 60 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 12 | 4 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Italy | 89 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 12 | 7 |
Tiebreak results
Place | Country | Artist | Points | 12 points | 10 points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | Carola | 146 | 4 | 5 |
2 | ![]() | Amina | 146 | 4 | 2 |
12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:
N. | Contestant | Nation(s) giving 12 points |
---|---|---|
4 | ![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
3 | ![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
2 | ![]() | ![]() ![]() |
![]() | ![]() ![]() | |
![]() | ![]() ![]() | |
![]() | ![]() ![]() |
Broadcasts
Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[17] In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union via Intervision, and in Australia and South Korea.[4] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.
Country | Broadcaster | Channel(s) | Commentator(s) | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
ORF | FS1 | Unknown | [18][19] |
![]() |
BRTN | TV1, TV2 | André Vermeulen | [20][21] |
Radio 2 | Herwig Haes | |||
RTBF | RTBF1 | Unknown | [20][21] | |
![]() |
CyBC | RIK | Evi Papamichail | [22] |
![]() |
DR | DR TV | Camilla Miehe-Renard | [23] |
DR P3 | Jesper Bæhrenz and Andrew Jensen | |||
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YLE | TV1 | Erkki Pohjanheimo | [24][25] |
Radiomafia | Kai Ristola | |||
Riksradion | Johan Finne, Paul Olin and Wille Wilenius | |||
![]() |
Antenne 2 | Léon Zitrone | [26][27] | |
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ARD | Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen | Max Schautzer | [19] |
![]() |
ERT | ET1 | Dafni Bokota | [28][29] |
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RÚV | Sjónvarpið | Arthúr Björgvin Bollason | [30] |
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RTÉ | RTÉ 1 | Pat Kenny | [31][32][33] |
RTÉ Radio 1 | Larry Gogan | |||
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IBA | Israeli Television | Unknown | [34] |
Reshet Gimel | Unknown | |||
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RAI | Rai Uno | No commentator | [26][35] |
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CLT | Unknown | Unknown | [36] |
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PBS | TVM | Unknown | [37] |
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NRK | NRK Fjernsynet, NRK P2 | John Andreassen and Jahn Teigen | [38][39] |
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RTP | Unknown | Unknown | [40] |
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TVE | TVE 2 | Tomás Fernando Flores | [41][42] |
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SVT | TV2 | Harald Treutiger | [14][24][38] |
RR | SR P3 | Rune Hallberg and Kalle Oldby | ||
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SRG SSR | TV DRS | Bernard Thurnheer | [19][26][27] |
TSR Chaîne nationale | Lolita Morena | |||
TSI Canale nazionale | Unknown | |||
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TRT | TV1 | Unknown | [43] |
![]() |
BBC | BBC1 | Terry Wogan | [4][44][45] |
BBC Radio 2 | Ken Bruce | |||
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JRT | HTV 2[lower-alpha 2] | Croatian: Ksenija Urličić | [47][48][49] |
TV Sarajevo 1 | ||||
TV Slovenija 1 | ||||
TV Skopje (channel unknown) | ||||
TV Belgrade (channel unknown) | Serbian: Mladen Popović | [49] | ||
RTCG | ||||
TV Novi Sad | ||||
TV Prishtina |
Country | Broadcaster | Channel(s) | Commentator(s) | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
SBS | SBS TV[lower-alpha 3] | Unknown | [50] |
![]() |
MTV | MTV1 | István Vágó | [51] |
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TP | TP1 | Unknown | [52] |
![]() |
TVR | TVR 1 | Unknown | [53] |
![]() |
ETV | Unknown | [24][25][52] | |
CT USSR | Programme One | Unknown |
Notes
References
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{{cite AV media}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - "Saturday's Television". The Irish Times Weekend. 4 May 1991. p. 6. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
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The HTV commentary was broadcast in Croatia [...] However, HTV did not broadcast Eurovision live in 1991
- "rtv – vrijeme". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Split, Croatia. 4 May 1991. p. 31. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
- "Sporedi – sobota, 4. maja 1991" (PDF). Gorenjski glas (in Slovenian). 30 April 1991. p. 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- Raykoff, Ivan; Tobin, Robert Deam (2007). A Song for Europe: Popular Music and Politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. Ashgate Publishing. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7546-5878-8.
- "Television today". The Canberra Times. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 5 May 1991. p. 30. Retrieved 28 November 2022 – via Trove.
- "TV1– szombat május 9". Rádió és Televízióújság (in Hungarian). 29 April 1991. p. 24. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022 – via MTVA Archívum.
- "Telewizja – sobota, 4 maja" (PDF). Kurier Wileński (in Polish). 3 May 1991. p. 4. Retrieved 28 October 2022 – via Polonijna Biblioteka Cyfrowa.
- "Televiziune – sâmbătă 4 mai 1991". Panoramic Radio-TV (in Romanian). p. 6. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
External links
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