Eurovision Song Contest 1991

The Eurovision Song Contest 1991 was the 36th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Rome, Italy, following the country's victory at the 1990 contest with the song "Insieme: 1992" by Toto Cutugno and was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The contest was held at Studio 15 di Cinecittà on 4 May 1991 and was hosted by former Italian winners Gigliola Cinquetti and Toto Cutugno.

Eurovision Song Contest 1991
Dates
Final4 May 1991
Host
VenueCinecittà (Studio 15)
Rome, Italy
Presenter(s)Gigliola Cinquetti
Toto Cutugno
Musical directorBruno Canfora
Directed byRiccardo Donna
Executive supervisorFrank Naef
Executive producerSilvia Salvetti
Host broadcasterRadiotelevisione italiana (RAI)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/rome-1991
Participants
Number of entries22
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries Malta
Non-returning countries Netherlands
Participation map
  • A coloured map of the countries of Europe
         Participating countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1991
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song Sweden
"Fångad av en stormvind"

Twenty-two countries took part in the contest with Malta participating for the first time since 1975, and the Netherlands deciding not to participate. It was also the first time that Germany was represented in their reunited form since East Germany joined West Germany by the German reunification.

The winner this year was Sweden with the song "Fångad av en stormvind" by Carola. There was a tie between Sweden and France with "C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison" by Amina, as both songs had received 146 points. This necessitated a 'count-back', a tie-breaking measure introduced after the four-way tie in 1969. Both Sweden and France had received four sets of 12 points, but Sweden had received five sets of 10 points to France's two, so Carola was declared the winner.

Location
Entrance to Cinecittà in Rome, the largest film studio in Europe[1] – host venue of the 1991 contest.
Location of Sanremo (the original host city) and the capital, Rome (the eventual host city).

The contest was originally scheduled to be held at Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, where the Sanremo Music Festival takes place annually. This was meant for the organisers to pay tribute to the Italian festival that had inspired the creation of the Eurovision Song Contest. However, following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and the outbreak of the Gulf War, the host broadcaster RAI decided in January 1991 that to better ensure the security of foreign delegations it would move the contest to Rome. This caused serious organisational problems and delays.[2]

Rome is the capital of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale). Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region. It was later confirmed that the contest would be staged at Cinecittà, a large film studio in Rome, with Studio 15 as the host venue. With an area of 400,000 square metres, it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the fascist era as part of a scheme to revive the Italian film industry.

Participating countries
Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest

Twenty-two countries competed this year. The Netherlands did not participate as it conflicted with the Remembrance of the Dead national holiday, and so Malta was allowed to participate in the contest for the first time in 16 years, unable to before due to restrictions on the number of countries allowed to participate.

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1991[3][4][5][6]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
 Austria ORF Thomas Forstner "Venedig im Regen" German
  • Wolfgang Eltner
  • Hubert Moser
  • Robby Musenbichler
 Richard Oesterreicher
 Belgium BRTN Clouseau "Geef het op" Dutch
Roland Verlooven
 Cyprus CyBC Elena Patroklou "S.O.S." Greek
  • Kypros Charalambous
  • Andreas Christou
 Alexander Kirov Zografov
 Denmark DR Anders Frandsen "Lige der hvor hjertet slår" Danish Michael Elo Henrik Krogsgaard
 Finland YLE Kaija "Hullu yö" Finnish
Olli Ahvenlahti
 France Antenne 2 Amina "C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison" French
Jérôme Pillement
 Germany SFB[lower-alpha 1] Atlantis 2000 "Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben" German
  • Helmut Frey
  • Alfons Weindorf
 Hermann Weindorf
 Greece ERT Sophia Vossou "Anixi" (Άνοιξη) Greek Andreas Mikroutsikos Haris Andreadis
 Iceland RÚV Stefán and Eyfi "Nína" Icelandic Eyjólfur Kristjánsson Jón Ólafsson
 Ireland RTÉ Kim Jackson "Could It Be That I'm in Love" English Liam Reilly Noel Kelehan
 Israel IBA Duo Datz "Kan" (כאן) Hebrew Uzi Hitman Kobi Oshrat
 Italy RAI Peppino di Capri "Comme è ddoce 'o mare" Neapolitan
Bruno Canfora
 Luxembourg CLT Sarah Bray "Un baiser volé" French
  • Patrick Hippert
  • Linda Lecomte
  • Mick Wersant
 Francis Goya
 Malta PBS Paul Giordimaina and Georgina "Could It Be" English
  • Paul Abela
  • Raymond Mahoney
 Paul Abela
 Norway NRK Just 4 Fun "Mrs. Thompson" Norwegian
Pete Knutsen
 Portugal RTP Dulce "Lusitana paixão" Portuguese
  • Fred Micaelo
  • Zé da Ponte
  • Jorge Quintela
 Fernando Correia Martins
 Spain TVE Sergio Dalma "Bailar pegados" Spanish
  • Luis Gómez Escolar
  • Julio Seijas
 Eduardo Leiva
 Sweden SVT Carola "Fångad av en stormvind" Swedish Stephan Berg Anders Berglund
  Switzerland SRG SSR Sandra Simó "Canzone per te" Italian Renato Mascetti Flaviano Cuffari
 Turkey TRT Can Uğurluer, İzel Çeliköz and Reyhan Karaca "İki Dakika" Turkish
Turhan Yükseler
 United Kingdom BBC Samantha Janus "A Message to Your Heart" English Paul Curtis Ronnie Hazlehurst
 Yugoslavia JRT Baby Doll "Brazil" (Бразил) Serbo-Croatian
Slobodan Marković

Returning artists
Artist Country Previous year(s)
Thomas Forstner  Austria 1989
Stefán Hilmarsson (part of Stefán and Eyfi)  Iceland 1988 (part of Beathoven)
Eiríkur Hauksson (part of Just 4 Fun)  Norway 1986 (for  Iceland, as part of ICY)
Hanne Krogh (part of Just 4 Fun) 1971, 1985 (part of Bobbysocks!)
Carola  Sweden 1983

Production and format

Nearly the entire contest was hosted in Italian, which is not an official language of the European Broadcasting Union (English and French are, and in the Eurovision Song Contest it is mandatory to provide presentation in at least one of those languages).

The overall staging and production standard received considerable criticism afterwards, including for wasting time which saw the broadcast overshoot its scheduled time allotment and for the haphazard and casual approach of the two presenters throughout but particularly during the voting, which saw Frank Naef, the independent scrutineer of the European Broadcasting Union, often being required to intervene in the process.[8][9]

This was the last contest where the official logo was in a language other than English (Italian in this case). Since 1992, the official logo of the Eurovision Song Contest has remained in English.

Postcards

The competing artists were asked to sing a known Italian song which would then be used as a short clip for the postcard. The songs were in order:

  1.  Yugoslavia – "Non ho l'età" (Gigliola Cinquetti)
  2.  Iceland – "Se bastasse una canzone" (Eros Ramazzotti)
  3.  Malta – "Questo piccolo grande amore" (Claudio Baglioni)
  4.  Greece – "Caruso" (Lucio Dalla)
  5.   Switzerland – "Un'estate italiana" (Edoardo Bennato and Gianna Nannini)
  6.  Austria – "Adesso tu" (Eros Ramazzotti)
  7.  Luxembourg – "Sarà perché ti amo" (Ricchi e Poveri)
  8.  Sweden – "Non voglio mica la luna" (Fiordaliso)
  9.  France – "La partita di pallone" (Rita Pavone)
  10.  Turkey – "Amore scusami" (John Foster)
  11.  Ireland – "Nel blu, dipinto di blu" (Domenico Modugno)
  12.  Portugal – "Dio, come ti amo" (Domenico Modugno / Gigliola Cinquetti)
  13.  Denmark – "Nessun dorma" (from Giacomo Puccini's opera Turandot)
  14.  Norway – "Santa Lucia" (traditional)
  15.  Israel – "Lontano dagli occhi" (Sergio Endrigo / Mary Hopkin)
  16.  Finland – "Maruzzella" (Renato Carosone)
  17.  Germany – "L'Italiano" (Toto Cutugno)
  18.  Belgium – "Musica è" (Eros Ramazzotti)
  19.  Spain – "Sono tremendo" (Rocky Roberts)
  20.  United Kingdom – "Ricordati di me" (Antonello Venditti)
  21.  Cyprus – "Io che amo solo te" (Sergio Endrigo)
  22.  Italy – "Champagne" (Peppino di Capri)

Contest overview

The presenters were Gigliola Cinquetti and Toto Cutugno, who represented Italy when they won Eurovision in 1964 and 1990 respectively. Cutugno opened the contest singing "Insieme: 1992", and Cinquetti performed "Non ho l'età". Cutugno had some difficulty with the pronunciation of the song titles and names of the artists and conductors. Despite this, in Italy almost seven million people watched the show. In addition to tallying the vote numbers in English and French, Cinquetti and Cutugno gave each of the jury allotments in Italian as well.

Sara Carlson gave the opening performance of the contest, titled "New Day (Celebrate)", a mixture of modern dance in ancient settings of ancient Rome. The performance featured Carlson singing, and a mixture of street dance and classical dance choreographed to popular sounding music of the time. At the time, Carlson had appeared numerous times on Italian television, and this was seen as one of her largest audiences.

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1991[10]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  Yugoslavia Baby Doll "Brazil" 1 21
2  Iceland Stefán and Eyfi "Nína" 26 15
3  Malta Paul Giordimaina and Georgina "Could It Be" 106 6
4  Greece Sophia Vossou "Anixi" 36 13
5   Switzerland Sandra Simó "Canzone per te" 118 5
6  Austria Thomas Forstner "Venedig im Regen" 0 22
7  Luxembourg Sarah Bray "Un baiser volé" 29 14
8  Sweden Carola "Fångad av en stormvind" 146 1
9  France Amina "C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison" 146 2
10  Turkey Can Uğurluer, İzel Çeliköz and Reyhan Karaca "İki Dakika" 44 12
11  Ireland Kim Jackson "Could It Be That I'm in Love" 47 10
12  Portugal Dulce "Lusitana paixão" 62 8
13  Denmark Anders Frandsen "Lige der hvor hjertet slår" 8 19
14  Norway Just 4 Fun "Mrs. Thompson" 14 17
15  Israel Duo Datz "Kan" 139 3
16  Finland Kaija "Hullu yö" 6 20
17  Germany Atlantis 2000 "Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben" 10 18
18  Belgium Clouseau "Geef het op" 23 16
19  Spain Sergio Dalma "Bailar pegados" 119 4
20  United Kingdom Samantha Janus "A Message to Your Heart" 47 10
21  Cyprus Elena Patroklou "S.O.S." 60 9
22  Italy Peppino di Capri "Comme è ddoce 'o mare" 89 7

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1991 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

Each country had a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 point(s) for their top ten songs.

During the final vote (Italy) none of the top three contenders - Sweden, Israel and France - had received any points up until the last 12-point vote. This vote went to France and for the first time in twenty-two years, there was a tie for first place, with France overcoming a large deficit to catch up with Sweden. However, since the four-way tie of 1969, the rules had been altered to ensure a single outright winner. The first step in the procedure was to check the number of 12-point votes awarded to each country. Sweden and France were still tied. But when counting the number of 10-point votes, Sweden had more and was finally declared the winner.

Detailed voting results[15][16]
Total score
Yugoslavia
Iceland
Malta
Greece
Switzerland
Austria
Luxembourg
Sweden
France
Turkey
Ireland
Portugal
Denmark
Norway
Israel
Finland
Germany
Belgium
Spain
United Kingdom
Cyprus
Italy
Contestants
 Yugoslavia 11
Iceland 2641057
Malta 106126410122712761046710
Greece 36452114115102
Switzerland 118557812842265385612884
Austria 0
Luxembourg 294513243232
Sweden 14661210107631012810812104126
France 146107387125751212108786712
Turkey 447787258
Ireland 473431847122543
Portugal 62841271051271041
Denmark 835
Norway 1461124
Israel 139121085856312841076812105
Finland 6114
Germany 10613
Belgium 233253325
Spain 1198261012764686842476112
United Kingdom 471035631135316
Cyprus 602312124125361
Italy 8972628101012103127

Tiebreak results
Place Country Artist Points 12 points 10 points
1 SwedenCarola14645
2 FranceAmina14642

12 points

Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
4  France Austria,  Israel,  Italy,  Norway
 Sweden Denmark,  Germany,  Iceland,  United Kingdom
3  Cyprus France,  Greece,  Malta
 Israel Spain,  Turkey,  Yugoslavia
2  Italy Finland,  Portugal
 Malta Ireland,  Sweden
 Spain Cyprus,   Switzerland
  Switzerland Belgium,  Luxembourg

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[17] In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union via Intervision, and in Australia and South Korea.[4] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Austria ORF FS1 Unknown [18][19]
 Belgium BRTN TV1, TV2 André Vermeulen [20][21]
Radio 2 Herwig Haes
RTBF RTBF1 Unknown [20][21]
 Cyprus CyBC RIK Evi Papamichail [22]
 Denmark DR DR TV Camilla Miehe-Renard [23]
DR P3 Jesper Bæhrenz and Andrew Jensen
 Finland YLE TV1 Erkki Pohjanheimo [24][25]
Radiomafia Kai Ristola
Riksradion Johan Finne, Paul Olin and Wille Wilenius
 France Antenne 2 Léon Zitrone [26][27]
 Germany ARD Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen Max Schautzer [19]
 Greece ERT ET1 Dafni Bokota [28][29]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið Arthúr Björgvin Bollason [30]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ 1 Pat Kenny [31][32][33]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan
 Israel IBA Israeli Television Unknown [34]
Reshet Gimel Unknown
 Italy RAI Rai Uno No commentator [26][35]
 Luxembourg CLT Unknown Unknown [36]
 Malta PBS TVM Unknown [37]
 Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet, NRK P2 John Andreassen and Jahn Teigen [38][39]
 Portugal RTP Unknown Unknown [40]
 Spain TVE TVE 2 Tomás Fernando Flores [41][42]
 Sweden SVT TV2 Harald Treutiger [14][24][38]
RR SR P3 Rune Hallberg and Kalle Oldby
  Switzerland SRG SSR TV DRS Bernard Thurnheer [19][26][27]
TSR Chaîne nationale Lolita Morena
TSI Canale nazionale Unknown
 Turkey TRT TV1 Unknown [43]
 United Kingdom BBC BBC1 Terry Wogan [4][44][45]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce
 Yugoslavia JRT HTV 2[lower-alpha 2] Croatian: Ksenija Urličić [47][48][49]
TV Sarajevo 1
TV Slovenija 1
TV Skopje (channel unknown)
TV Belgrade (channel unknown) Serbian: Mladen Popović [49]
RTCG
TV Novi Sad
TV Prishtina
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Australia SBS SBS TV[lower-alpha 3] Unknown [50]
 Hungary MTV MTV1 István Vágó [51]
 Poland TP TP1 Unknown [52]
 Romania TVR TVR 1 Unknown [53]
 Soviet Union ETV Unknown [24][25][52]
CT USSR Programme One Unknown

Notes
  1. On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[7]
  2. Broadcast on delay.[46]
  3. Deferred broadcast on 5 May at 14:30 AEST (04:30 UTC)[50]

References
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