Kendayan language

Kendayan, or Salako (Selako), is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo. The exact number of speakers remains unknown, but is estimated to be around 350,000.[2]

Kendayan
Kanayatn, Salako
Native toIndonesia, Malaysia
RegionBorneo
Native speakers
330,000 (2007)[1]
Dialects
  • Belangin
Language codes
ISO 639-3knx
Glottologkend1254

The name Kendayan is preferred in Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Salako in Sarawak, Malaysia. It is sometimes referred to as bahasa Badameà, particularly in Bengkayang Regency and the areas near Singkawang City.[3] Other dialects of Kendayan include Ahe, Banana and Belangin. Speakers of any of the dialects can understand speakers of any of the others.

Language context

Salako is spoken in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia and the province of West Kalimantan in Indonesia.[3] There are speakers in Sambas and Bengkayang Regencies and in Singkawang. Other dialects are spoken in the Pontianak, Bengkawang and Landak Regencies of West Kalimantan.

It is said that Singkawang in southern Sambas is the place of origin of Salako speakers.

Dialects spoken in West Kalimantan have been influenced by the Indonesian, which is the national language of Indonesia. This is the language used in official contexts, schools, the media and in church.[3] In Sarawak, the influence of Malay has been less significant, as it became the national language more recently.[3]

Kendayan is a vital language that is used in the community and at home. The Ahe variety is also spoken as a lingua franca by native speakers with Land Dayak groups.[3] However, younger speakers are typically educated through Indonesian away from the villages, which could affect language vitality in the future.[3]

Comparison with other neighbouring languages
English Malay-Indonesian Kanayatn Belangin/Balangin Banjarese Ngaju Bakumpai
that yang nang nang nang ijē ji
old tua tuha tua tuha bakas bakas
people orang urakng urak; uhak urang oloh uluh
quiet (adjective) diam/sunyi/senyap diapm diap diam Benyem/Tunis
woman/female perempuan bini mbini bibini bawi bawi
hometown kampung halaman binua binua banua lewun lebu
face muka muha muá muha baụ
one satu asa satu asa ijẹ ije
two dua dua dua dua due due
three tiga talu tege talu telo telo
single (relationship status) bujang bujakng bujak bujangan bujang/salia
shy malu supantn'/supe malu supan hamen/mahamen
village kampung kampokng kampong kampung lewu
bride pengantin panganten penganten panganten panganten
bald botak/gundul pala' botak longor borang
stupid bodoh baga mangkak; baga bungul mameh
drunk mabuk kamabuk mabu'k mabuk busau
swimming berenang ngunanang benanang; nyon'yong bakunyung/bananang hanangui

References
  1. Kendayan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Thomas, Joseph, J. B. Mangunsudarsono, Hery Suryatman and Abdussamad. 1985. Morfologi kata kerja bahasa Kendayan. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa (Departmenen Pedidikan dan Kebudayan)
  3. Adelaar (2005)

Source
  • Adelaar, K. Alexander (2005). Salako or Badamea: Sketch Grammar, Text and Lexicon of a Kanayatn Dialect in West Borneo. Frankfurter Forschungen zu Südostasien, volume 2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Further reading
  • Alexander Adelaar. 2006. Where does Belangin belong?. In Fritz Schulze and Holger Warnk (eds.), Insular Southeast Asia: Linguistic and cultural studies in Honour of Bernd Nothofer, 65–84. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Burkhardt, Jey Lingam. 2007. Group interaction patterns as observed in informal learning events among pre-literate/semi-literate Salako women.
  • Dunselman, Donatus. 1949, 1949, 1950. Bijdrage tot de kennis van de taal en adat der Kendajan Dajaks van West-Borneo. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 105, 105, 106. 59–105, 147–218, 321–371.
  • Hermann, Paulus. 1988. A contrastive study on Kendayan and English consonants for the prediction of pronunciation difficulties. MA Thesis, Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Letters, Teaching Training College (IKIP), Yogyakarta.
  • Hudson, Alfred B. 1970. A Note on Selako: Malayic Dayak and Land Dayak Languages in Western Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal 18. 301–318.
  • Lansau, Donatos. 1981. Struktur bahasa Kendayan. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengemban gan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
  • Joseph, Thomas. 1984. Morfologi dan sintaksis bahasa Kendayan. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengemban gan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
  • Sukamto. 1993. Tata bahasa Kendayan. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengemban gan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Kendayan language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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