Lists of office-holders

These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.

A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.

Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2020 in politics and government, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year.

Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet (government), chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.

Heads of international organizations
See also: International organization leaders by year

Heads of state or government
See also: List of current heads of state and government and Lists of state leaders by century

Eastern Africa

Horn of Africa

Middle Africa

Northern Africa

Southern Africa

Western Africa

Caribbean

Central America

North America

South America

Central Asia

Eastern Asia

Southeastern Asia

South Asia

Western Asia

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Central Europe

Southern Europe

Western Europe

Australasia

Melanesia

Micronesia

Polynesia

Religious leaders
Main article: List of 21st-century religious leaders

Christian

Catholic Church

Anglican Communion

Other denominations

Judaism

Islam

Hinduism

Buddhist

Other lists

Ministers by portfolio

Municipal leaders
For a more comprehensive list, see Lists of mayors by country.
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