Xukuruan languages

The Xukuruan languages are a language family proposed by Loukotka (1968) that links two extinct and poorly attested languages of eastern Brazil.[1] The languages are:

Xukuruan
Shukuru
Geographic
distribution
Brazil
Linguistic classificationunclassified
Subdivisions
Glottologxuku1239  (Xukurú)
Map of indigenous territories in Alagoas and Sergipe states, Brazil

Loutkotka (1968) also lists the unattested Garañun (Garanhun), an extinct, undocumented language once spoken in the Serra dos Garanhuns.[1]

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Shukurú and Paratio.[1]

glossShukurúParatio
ear bandulákbolúdo
tooth chilodévovó
man sheñupresheñup
sun kiákiá
moon klariːmonlimolago
earth krashishi
tobacco mãzyémazyaː

Pompeu (1958)

These word lists of language varieties from the Serra do Urubá (also known as the Serra do Arorobá or Serra do Ororubá, located in the municipality of Pesqueira, Pernambuco) are reproduced from Pompeu Sobrinho (1958).[2]

Below is a vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz in Pesqueira, Pernambuco from his informant Rodrigues de Mendonça, who was originally from the Serra do Urubá:

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
"Serra do Urubá"
cabeçaheadkreká, kri, ká
cabeça de vacacow headkreká memêngo
chapéuhatkriákugo, kriá
chuvarainkraxixi
comidafoodkringó
comida boagood foodkringó konengo
cachaçacachaça (liquor)irínka
bom, boagoodkonengo
chefe, mais velhoboss, oldertaióp
deusGodtupá
faca grandebig knifexaníko
faca pequenasmall knifesaquarék
homemmanxiakrók
homem brancowhite mankaré
homem índioIndian manxenunpe
homem defeituosodeformed manjajú
fomehungerxurák
inimigoenemyaredirí
ir emborago awaynuntógo
mulherwomankrippó
milhocornxigó
nevoeirofogbatukin
luamoonlimolago
solsunoraci
pedrastonekrá
pedra (em cima da terra)stone (on top of the earth)krá xixí
footpoiá
defeitodefectguxú
pé defeituosodefective footpoiá guxú
ruimbadaguá, pigó
homem branco ruimbad white mankaré aguá
homem branco bomgood white mankaré konengo
O inimigo vem aí.The enemy is coming.arediri arediri

Vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz from his informant Pedro Rodrigues, who was originally from the sitio of Gitó in the Serra do Urubá:

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Gitó variety
aguardenteaguardente (liquor)orinka
aldeiamentovillagetaiopo maritáro
arco (arma)bow (weapon)tamaingú, temaigú
carnemeatinxi, ixi
fomehungerxurák
negro (homem)black (man)taká
cabragoatkrexkuák jãtarinta
negrablacktaká jipu
onçajaguarjetôme
raça, triborace, tribexekurú
marinheiro (estrangeiro)sailor (foreigner)karé irut
carnemeatinxin
comedor de carnemeat eaterinzin aragogú
mentirosoliarjupegúgo
luamoonlimolágo
solsunorací
deusGodtupá
Nossa SenhoraOur Lady (Virgin Mary)Tamaipí

Vocabulary collected by José Joaquim in Rio Branco, Pernambuco of a language spoken in the Serra do Urubá:

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
"Serra do Urubá"
bom diagood morningdegómen
caceteclubkirí, quirí
cabeçaheadkrêkió
batatapotatobaká, koxó
altaraltaroiô
canela (tíbia)shin; tibiagatí
canela finafine shingatirí
cachaçacachaça (liquor)urínka
 ? ?urinka karóba
mãohandkêerakê
dedofingeratirí, tirí
nariznosekorõzó
espiga (milho)ear (of corn)tók, tóque
fumo, tabacosmoke, tobaccomãjá
Como vai?How are you?adeusá
livrobookquatirá
finothinirí
longefartigí
ir emborago awayombêira
livrar-seget rid ofmuntógo
feijãobeanjejá
cara, rostofacenãí
cara feiaugly facenaiogo
negro (homem)black (man)taka
olharlookantiá
panoclothmití (?)
pano velho (farrapo)old cloth (rag)takó
mandioca ou macaxeiracassava or maniocxaká
milhocornxigó
vertirpour, spilltadí
roupaclotheskunãgo
roupa novanew clothestiliká
roupa velhaold clothestakó
girauturnedkoiá
livrobookkatirá, quatirá
tamboeira (de milho)poorly sprouted cornboró tiga
espiga de milhocorn cobtiga gugá

References

  1. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  2. Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.
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