Purian languages

Purian
Puri-Coroado
Geographic
distribution
East Brazil
Linguistic classificationMacro-Gê?
  • Purian
Glottologpuri1261

Purian (also Purían) is a pair of extinct languages of eastern Brazil:

Coropó (Koropó), once spoken in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, was added by Campbell (1997), but removed again by Ramirez et al. (2015).[1]

Purian is part of the Macro-Jê proposal. However, when Coropó is removed, there are not sufficient lexical connections to maintain this classification.[2]

Attestation

The Purian languages are only attested by a few word lists from the 19th century. The lists are:[1]

Puri:

Coroado:

  • Martius (1863: 195–198), collected in 1818 near São João do Presídio
  • Eschwege (2002: 122–127), collected in 1815 near São João do Presídio
  • Marlière (Martius, 1889: 198–207), collected between 1817 and 1819 at missions along the lower Paraíba do Sul River[6]
  • Saint-Hilaire (2000: 33), collected in 1816 near Valença, Rio de Janeiro[7]

Koropó is attested by two word lists:

  • Eschwege (2002: 122–127), 127 words collected in 1815
  • Schott (1822, pp. 48–51), 55 words collected in 1818[8]

Distribution

The Purian languages were spoken in a continuous region stretching from the Preto River to the Paraíba River (from Queluz, São Paulo to Paraibuna, São Paulo). The Puri occupied the Upper Paraíba do Sul River up to Queluz, São Paulo, and the Coroado from the Pomba River to the Doce River in Minas Gerais.[1]

Dialects

Mason (1950) lists the following dialects of Coroado and Purí:[9]

  • Coroado
    • Maritong
    • Cobanipake
    • Tamprun
    • Sasaricon
  • Purí
    • Sabonan
    • Wambori
    • Shaynishuna

Other languages

Extinct and unknown languages that may have been Purian languages:[10]

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[10]

glossPuriCoroadoKoropó
one omishombiuanipáĩn
two kuririchirialinkrin
three pátapakonpatepakon
tongue an-guétopépitao
foot cha-perétxa-perécham-brim
fire pothepoté
tree mpóambómebm
jaguar paüanpauan
house ngguáraguarsheume
white begotarakatámaguatháma

Proto-language

Proto-Purian
Reconstruction ofPurian languages

Silva Neto (2007) reconstructs 47 Proto-Purian forms.[11]:39–41 Reconstituted forms by Silva Neto (2007) for Puri, Coroado, and Koropó synthesized from historical sources are also provided.

no.English gloss
(translated)
Portuguese gloss
(original)
Proto-PurianPuriCoroadoKoropó
1waterágua*yamanyamanyaman
2you (sg.)você*gá
3tapiranta*painanpenánpainá
4hereaqui*karákarákra
5treeárvore*mpómpoãmpo
6drinkbeber*mpampapa
7mouthboca*čorečorečorešore, čore
8haircabelo*kékeguéiče, ke
9headcabeça*kwekweke
10eatcomer*mašepašemašemakšina, maše
11fingerdedo*šaperešabrerašapere
12daydia*opéopéope
13toothdente*čeučeče
14starestrela*yurišuriyuridzuri, yuri
15arrowflecha*aponaponapon
16firefogo*potépotépoté
17catgato*šapéšapišapé
18brotherirmão*čatayšatãčatayšatay, čatay
19daughterfilha*šampešampe-mpaymašãpeboema
20leaffolha*čopedzopléčopečupe
21manhomem*kwaymankuayma, hakoremakwaymankwayman
22moonlua*petarapetarapetara
23mothermãe*ayanayanayanayan
24maizemilho*makπmakπmakπ
25handmão*šaporekore, šapeprerašapore, kokor¤e
26mountainmonte*prépréprepré
27large mountainmonte grande*pré-heroymapré dekapré-heroymapré-heroyma
28much, verymuito*purikaprikapurika
29womanmulher*poymanmpaymapoymanboeman
30nosenariz*niniyẽ
31boymenino*šapomašaponašapoma
32nightnoite*miriponanmiriponanmaripoyanmerĩdan
33eyeolho*merĩmirimerĩšwarĩ
34earorelha*pepénabipinapepéna
35fatherpai*areareuaré
36birdpássaro*šipušipušapu
37foot*čaperešapreračaperečamprĩ
38featherpluma*péšipupépe
39pigporco*šorãsotanširašorã
40riverrio*rorámñama rórayamã rorakwã
41sunsol*opéopéope
42afternoontarde*tušahitošora, tušahišare
43earthterra*ošeguašé, ušóoše
44trunktronco*pranüpon-rénapõ pranü
45windvento*džotadžotanan dotanarã dzota
46bellyventre, barriga*tikĩtikĩtekĩičĩ
47herb, plant, grasserva, planta, capim*šapukošapúko, spanguéšapukošapuka

However, similarities in Koropó were later found to be loanwords by Ramirez et al. (2015), who classifies Koropó as Maxakalían.[1] Nikulin (2020) also classifies Koropó as Macro-Jê (Maxakalían branch).[12]

References

  1. Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Puri-Coroado". Glottolog 4.3.
  3. Martius, Karl Friedrich Philip von. 1863. Glossaria linguarum Brasiliensium: glossarios de diversas lingoas e dialectos, que fallao os Indios no imperio do Brazil. Erlangen: Druck von Jange.
  4. Eschwege, Wilhelm Ludwig von. 2002. Journal do Brasil 1811-1817. Belo Horizonte: Fundação João Pinheiro.
  5. Torrezão, Alberto Noronha. 1889. "Vocabulario puri". Revista trimensal do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brazileiro, Rio de Janeiro, t. LII, parte Ia, pp.511-514.
  6. Marlière, Guido Thomaz. 1906. "Escritos avulsos, correspondência" Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, Belo Horizonte, Ano X, fascículos III e IV, pp. 383-668.
  7. Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 2000. Viagem pelas províncias do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
  8. Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm. 1822. Tagebücher des K.K. Gärtners in Brasilien. vol. 2. Brünn.
  9. Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
  10. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  11. Silva Neto, Ambrósio Pereira da Silva. 2007. Revisão da classificação da família lingüística Puri. M.A. dissertation, University of Brasília.
  12. Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.

Bibliography

  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
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